SEEDGERMINATION.ppt
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This document discusses seed structure, maturation, dormancy, viability, and germination. It provides the following key points: - Seeds undergo maturation on the parent plant where they become dormant through dehydration and a reduction in organelles and metabolism. - Dormancy is maintained by physical barriers like the waxy seed coat and chemical inhibitors, as well as the dehydrated physical state and lack of growth promoters. - Germination breaks dormancy through rehydration, abrasion or cracking of the seed coat, and exposure to light, temperature, and water which stimulates respiration and protein synthesis leading to cell division. - Factors like water, oxygen, warmth and sometimes light
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SEEDGERMINATION.ppt
- 1. Seeds and Seed Germination © P Billiet © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
- 2. Seed structure Cotyledon Plumule Radicle Micropyle Seed coat or testa © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
- 3. Seed maturation • Takes place in the fruit on the parent plant • The seeds become dormant • Metabolism falls • Number of organelles per cell falls • Dehydration Vacuoles in cells deflate Food reserves become dense crystalline bodies. © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
- 4. Maintaining dormancy • Physical barriers The seed coat (testa) is waxy = waterproof and impermeable to oxygen • Physical state – dehydrated • Chemical inhibitors present e.g. salts, mustard oils, organic acids, alkaloids • Growth promoters absent. © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
- 5. Seed viability • Viability: When a seed is capable of germinating after all the necessary environmental conditions are met • Average life span of a seed 10 to 15 years • Conditions are very important for longevity Cold, dry, anaerobic conditions • These are the conditions which are maintained in seed banks. © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
- 6. Germination: The breaking of dormancy The growth of the embryo and its penetration of the seed coat Break down of barriers Abrasion of seed coat Decomposition of seed coat Cracking of seed coat (fire) Change in physical state - rehydration Destruction and dilution of inhibitors Light, temperature, water Production of growth promoters © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
- 7. Stages leading to cell division Mitchondria reconstituted Soluble sugars Respiration Initially anaerobic Later aerobic ATP RNA activated Polysomes Protein synthesis (0.5h) Enzymes (proteins) Mitosis (70h) DNA synthesis (45h) www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/81026/
- 8. Factors affecting germination • Water Rehydration of tissues Dilution of inhibitors • Oxygen (c.f. Respirometer) Aerobic respiration • Warmth Enzyme controlled processes • Some seeds may require exposure to light or high temperatures (fire). © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS