�ݺ�ߣshows by User: gill1109

�ݺ�ߣshows by User: gill1109 / http://www.slideshare.net/images/logo.gif �ݺ�ߣshows by User: gill1109 / Wed, 18 Sep 2024 07:14:05 GMT �ݺ�ߣShare feed for �ݺ�ߣshows by User: gill1109 Lucia de Berk and Lucy Letby, a comparison focussing on statistics /slideshow/lucia-de-berk-and-lucy-letby-a-comparison-focussing-on-statistics/271868182 rssluciadeberkcase-240918071406-baf57ce9
Twenty minute talk at Royal Statistical Society, section “Statistics and Law”, 19 September 2024. I focus on statistical issues: the unexpected spike, the impossible coincidence]]>
Twenty minute talk at Royal Statistical Society, section “Statistics and Law”, 19 September 2024. I focus on statistical issues: the unexpected spike, the impossible coincidence]]> Wed, 18 Sep 2024 07:14:05 GMT /slideshow/lucia-de-berk-and-lucy-letby-a-comparison-focussing-on-statistics/271868182 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Lucia de Berk and Lucy Letby, a comparison focussing on statistics gill1109 Twenty minute talk at Royal Statistical Society, section “Statistics and Law”, 19 September 2024. I focus on statistical issues: the unexpected spike, the impossible coincidence <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/rssluciadeberkcase-240918071406-baf57ce9-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Twenty minute talk at Royal Statistical Society, section “Statistics and Law”, 19 September 2024. I focus on statistical issues: the unexpected spike, the impossible coincidence

Lucia de Berk and Lucy Letby, a comparison focussing on statistics from Richard Gill

]]> 528 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/rssluciadeberkcase-240918071406-baf57ce9-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 Statistical issues in serial killer nurse cases /slideshow/statistical-issues-in-serial-killer-nurse-cases-222c/271004862 id678cps12richardgill-240814065121-25966c67
Suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has published a report outlining major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. in this conference talk I discuss two cases: the famous case of Lucia de Berk (Netherlands) and the current case of Lucy Letby (UK)]]>
Suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has published a report outlining major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. in this conference talk I discuss two cases: the famous case of Lucia de Berk (Netherlands) and the current case of Lucy Letby (UK)]]> Wed, 14 Aug 2024 06:51:21 GMT /slideshow/statistical-issues-in-serial-killer-nurse-cases-222c/271004862 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Statistical issues in serial killer nurse cases gill1109 Suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has published a report outlining major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. in this conference talk I discuss two cases: the famous case of Lucia de Berk (Netherlands) and the current case of Lucy Letby (UK) <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/id678cps12richardgill-240814065121-25966c67-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has published a report outlining major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. in this conference talk I discuss two cases: the famous case of Lucia de Berk (Netherlands) and the current case of Lucy Letby (UK)

Statistical issues in serial killer nurse cases from Richard Gill

]]> 446 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/id678cps12richardgill-240814065121-25966c67-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands /slideshow/richard-s-aventures-in-two-entangled-wonderlands/269451650 qscgadelft-240601074737-144d0046
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.]]>
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.]]> Sat, 01 Jun 2024 07:47:36 GMT /slideshow/richard-s-aventures-in-two-entangled-wonderlands/269451650 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands gill1109 Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qscgadelft-240601074737-144d0046-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands from Richard Gill

]]> 192 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qscgadelft-240601074737-144d0046-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 Richard's entangled aventures in wonderland /slideshow/richard-s-entangled-aventures-in-wonderland/269383576 qscgadelft-240528131808-f22b1995
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.]]>
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.]]> Tue, 28 May 2024 13:18:08 GMT /slideshow/richard-s-entangled-aventures-in-wonderland/269383576 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Richard's entangled aventures in wonderland gill1109 Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qscgadelft-240528131808-f22b1995-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.

Richard's entangled aventures in wonderland from Richard Gill

]]> 77 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qscgadelft-240528131808-f22b1995-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 A tale of two Lucys - Delft lecture - March 4, 2024 /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucys-delft-lecture-march-4-2024/266576090 ataleoftwolucies-240301102423-aaa55c25
TUDelft Seminar Probability & Statistics, 4 March 2024 15:45 T/M 16:45 - LOCATION: LECTURE HALL D@TA Lucia de Berk, a Dutch nurse, was arrested in 2001, and tried and convicted of serial murder of patients in her care. At a lower court the only hard evidence against her was the result of a probability calculation: the chance that she was present at so many suspicious deaths and collapses in the hospitals where she had worked was 1 in 342 million. During appeal proceedings at a higher court, the prosecution shifted gears and gave the impression that there was now hard evidence that she had killed one baby. Having established that she was a killer and a liar (she claimed innocence) it was not difficult to pin another 9 deaths and collapses on her. No statistics were needed any more. In 2005 the conviction was confirmed by the supreme court. But at the same time, some whistleblowers started getting attention from the media. A long fight for the hearts and minds of the public, and a long fight to have the case reopened (without any new evidence - only new scientific interpretation of existing evidence) began and ended in 2010 with Lucia’s complete exoneration. A number of statisticians played a big role in that fight. The idea that the conviction was purely based on objective scientific evidence was actually an illusion. This needed to be explained to journalists & to the public. And the judiciary needed to be convinced that something had to be done about it.  Lucy Letby, an English nurse, was arrested in 2020 for murder of a large number of babies at a hospital in Chester, UK, in Jan 2015-June 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and took 10 months. She was convicted and given a whole life sentence in 2023.  In my opinion, the similarities between the two cases are horrific. Again there is statistical evidence: a cluster of unexplained bad events, and Lucy was there every time; there is apparently irrefutable scientific evidence for two babies; and just like with Lucia de Berk, there are some weird personal and private writings which can be construed as a confession. For many reasons, the chances of a fair retrial for Lucy Letby are very thin indeed, but I am convinced she is innocent and that her trial was grossly unfair.]]>
TUDelft Seminar Probability & Statistics, 4 March 2024 15:45 T/M 16:45 - LOCATION: LECTURE HALL D@TA Lucia de Berk, a Dutch nurse, was arrested in 2001, and tried and convicted of serial murder of patients in her care. At a lower court the only hard evidence against her was the result of a probability calculation: the chance that she was present at so many suspicious deaths and collapses in the hospitals where she had worked was 1 in 342 million. During appeal proceedings at a higher court, the prosecution shifted gears and gave the impression that there was now hard evidence that she had killed one baby. Having established that she was a killer and a liar (she claimed innocence) it was not difficult to pin another 9 deaths and collapses on her. No statistics were needed any more. In 2005 the conviction was confirmed by the supreme court. But at the same time, some whistleblowers started getting attention from the media. A long fight for the hearts and minds of the public, and a long fight to have the case reopened (without any new evidence - only new scientific interpretation of existing evidence) began and ended in 2010 with Lucia’s complete exoneration. A number of statisticians played a big role in that fight. The idea that the conviction was purely based on objective scientific evidence was actually an illusion. This needed to be explained to journalists & to the public. And the judiciary needed to be convinced that something had to be done about it.  Lucy Letby, an English nurse, was arrested in 2020 for murder of a large number of babies at a hospital in Chester, UK, in Jan 2015-June 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and took 10 months. She was convicted and given a whole life sentence in 2023.  In my opinion, the similarities between the two cases are horrific. Again there is statistical evidence: a cluster of unexplained bad events, and Lucy was there every time; there is apparently irrefutable scientific evidence for two babies; and just like with Lucia de Berk, there are some weird personal and private writings which can be construed as a confession. For many reasons, the chances of a fair retrial for Lucy Letby are very thin indeed, but I am convinced she is innocent and that her trial was grossly unfair.]]> Fri, 01 Mar 2024 10:24:23 GMT /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucys-delft-lecture-march-4-2024/266576090 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) A tale of two Lucys - Delft lecture - March 4, 2024 gill1109 TUDelft Seminar Probability & Statistics, 4 March 2024 15:45 T/M 16:45 - LOCATION: LECTURE HALL D@TA Lucia de Berk, a Dutch nurse, was arrested in 2001, and tried and convicted of serial murder of patients in her care. At a lower court the only hard evidence against her was the result of a probability calculation: the chance that she was present at so many suspicious deaths and collapses in the hospitals where she had worked was 1 in 342 million. During appeal proceedings at a higher court, the prosecution shifted gears and gave the impression that there was now hard evidence that she had killed one baby. Having established that she was a killer and a liar (she claimed innocence) it was not difficult to pin another 9 deaths and collapses on her. No statistics were needed any more. In 2005 the conviction was confirmed by the supreme court. But at the same time, some whistleblowers started getting attention from the media. A long fight for the hearts and minds of the public, and a long fight to have the case reopened (without any new evidence - only new scientific interpretation of existing evidence) began and ended in 2010 with Lucia’s complete exoneration. A number of statisticians played a big role in that fight. The idea that the conviction was purely based on objective scientific evidence was actually an illusion. This needed to be explained to journalists & to the public. And the judiciary needed to be convinced that something had to be done about it.  Lucy Letby, an English nurse, was arrested in 2020 for murder of a large number of babies at a hospital in Chester, UK, in Jan 2015-June 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and took 10 months. She was convicted and given a whole life sentence in 2023.  In my opinion, the similarities between the two cases are horrific. Again there is statistical evidence: a cluster of unexplained bad events, and Lucy was there every time; there is apparently irrefutable scientific evidence for two babies; and just like with Lucia de Berk, there are some weird personal and private writings which can be construed as a confession. For many reasons, the chances of a fair retrial for Lucy Letby are very thin indeed, but I am convinced she is innocent and that her trial was grossly unfair. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ataleoftwolucies-240301102423-aaa55c25-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> TUDelft Seminar Probability & Statistics, 4 March 2024 15:45 T/M 16:45 - LOCATION: LECTURE HALL D@TA Lucia de Berk, a Dutch nurse, was arrested in 2001, and tried and convicted of serial murder of patients in her care. At a lower court the only hard evidence against her was the result of a probability calculation: the chance that she was present at so many suspicious deaths and collapses in the hospitals where she had worked was 1 in 342 million. During appeal proceedings at a higher court, the prosecution shifted gears and gave the impression that there was now hard evidence that she had killed one baby. Having established that she was a killer and a liar (she claimed innocence) it was not difficult to pin another 9 deaths and collapses on her. No statistics were needed any more. In 2005 the conviction was confirmed by the supreme court. But at the same time, some whistleblowers started getting attention from the media. A long fight for the hearts and minds of the public, and a long fight to have the case reopened (without any new evidence - only new scientific interpretation of existing evidence) began and ended in 2010 with Lucia’s complete exoneration. A number of statisticians played a big role in that fight. The idea that the conviction was purely based on objective scientific evidence was actually an illusion. This needed to be explained to journalists & to the public. And the judiciary needed to be convinced that something had to be done about it.  Lucy Letby, an English nurse, was arrested in 2020 for murder of a large number of babies at a hospital in Chester, UK, in Jan 2015-June 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and took 10 months. She was convicted and given a whole life sentence in 2023.  In my opinion, the similarities between the two cases are horrific. Again there is statistical evidence: a cluster of unexplained bad events, and Lucy was there every time; there is apparently irrefutable scientific evidence for two babies; and just like with Lucia de Berk, there are some weird personal and private writings which can be construed as a confession. For many reasons, the chances of a fair retrial for Lucy Letby are very thin indeed, but I am convinced she is innocent and that her trial was grossly unfair.

A tale of two Lucys - Delft lecture - March 4, 2024 from Richard Gill

]]> 366 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ataleoftwolucies-240301102423-aaa55c25-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 liverpool_2024 /slideshow/liverpool2024/266260943 liverpool2024-240211130746-9110c6bf
Optimal statistical analysis of Bell experiments Richard D Gill (Mathematical Institute, Leiden University) The 2022 Nobel prize in physics went to Clauser, Horne and Zeilinger '“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I played a modest part in the process which led up to that prize by contributing statistical methodology used in four decisive “loophole free" experiments of 2020. What I contributed was quite simply the idea of using randomisation in order to get guaranteed statistical validity, and martingale methods which allowed the experimenters to rule out the notion that an apparent violation of Bell’s inequality could simply be due to time trends in physical parameters over the course of an experiment which takes days to complete (confounding of treatment with time). Most recently I have studied some simple methods to reduce noise in the usual ad hoc estimators of the four correlations which figure in Bell’s inequality. Do not fear: the statistical model is very simple, no knowledge of quantum mechanics is needed to understand the statistical issues. The talk is about the statistical analysis of four 2x2 tables. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/3/2/23]]>
Optimal statistical analysis of Bell experiments Richard D Gill (Mathematical Institute, Leiden University) The 2022 Nobel prize in physics went to Clauser, Horne and Zeilinger '“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I played a modest part in the process which led up to that prize by contributing statistical methodology used in four decisive “loophole free" experiments of 2020. What I contributed was quite simply the idea of using randomisation in order to get guaranteed statistical validity, and martingale methods which allowed the experimenters to rule out the notion that an apparent violation of Bell’s inequality could simply be due to time trends in physical parameters over the course of an experiment which takes days to complete (confounding of treatment with time). Most recently I have studied some simple methods to reduce noise in the usual ad hoc estimators of the four correlations which figure in Bell’s inequality. Do not fear: the statistical model is very simple, no knowledge of quantum mechanics is needed to understand the statistical issues. The talk is about the statistical analysis of four 2x2 tables. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/3/2/23]]> Sun, 11 Feb 2024 13:07:46 GMT /slideshow/liverpool2024/266260943 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) liverpool_2024 gill1109 Optimal statistical analysis of Bell experiments Richard D Gill (Mathematical Institute, Leiden University) The 2022 Nobel prize in physics went to Clauser, Horne and Zeilinger '“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I played a modest part in the process which led up to that prize by contributing statistical methodology used in four decisive “loophole free" experiments of 2020. What I contributed was quite simply the idea of using randomisation in order to get guaranteed statistical validity, and martingale methods which allowed the experimenters to rule out the notion that an apparent violation of Bell’s inequality could simply be due to time trends in physical parameters over the course of an experiment which takes days to complete (confounding of treatment with time). Most recently I have studied some simple methods to reduce noise in the usual ad hoc estimators of the four correlations which figure in Bell’s inequality. Do not fear: the statistical model is very simple, no knowledge of quantum mechanics is needed to understand the statistical issues. The talk is about the statistical analysis of four 2x2 tables. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/3/2/23 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/liverpool2024-240211130746-9110c6bf-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Optimal statistical analysis of Bell experiments Richard D Gill (Mathematical Institute, Leiden University) The 2022 Nobel prize in physics went to Clauser, Horne and Zeilinger '“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I played a modest part in the process which led up to that prize by contributing statistical methodology used in four decisive “loophole free" experiments of 2020. What I contributed was quite simply the idea of using randomisation in order to get guaranteed statistical validity, and martingale methods which allowed the experimenters to rule out the notion that an apparent violation of Bell’s inequality could simply be due to time trends in physical parameters over the course of an experiment which takes days to complete (confounding of treatment with time). Most recently I have studied some simple methods to reduce noise in the usual ad hoc estimators of the four correlations which figure in Bell’s inequality. Do not fear: the statistical model is very simple, no knowledge of quantum mechanics is needed to understand the statistical issues. The talk is about the statistical analysis of four 2x2 tables. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/3/2/23

liverpool_2024 from Richard Gill

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0 A tale of two Lucies (long version) /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucies-long-version/263245945 ataleoftwolucies-231109172254-a0aa5fb9
Subtitle: "Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse" Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats https://www.maths.lu.se/kalendarium/?evenemang=statistics-seminar-statistical-issues-investigation-suspected-serial-killer-nurse-richard-gill Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxmFLKTlim8]]>
Subtitle: "Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse" Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats https://www.maths.lu.se/kalendarium/?evenemang=statistics-seminar-statistical-issues-investigation-suspected-serial-killer-nurse-richard-gill Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxmFLKTlim8]]> Thu, 09 Nov 2023 17:22:54 GMT /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucies-long-version/263245945 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) A tale of two Lucies (long version) gill1109 Subtitle: "Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse" Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats https://www.maths.lu.se/kalendarium/?evenemang=statistics-seminar-statistical-issues-investigation-suspected-serial-killer-nurse-richard-gill Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxmFLKTlim8 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ataleoftwolucies-231109172254-a0aa5fb9-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Subtitle: "Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse" Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats https://www.maths.lu.se/kalendarium/?evenemang=statistics-seminar-statistical-issues-investigation-suspected-serial-killer-nurse-richard-gill Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxmFLKTlim8

A tale of two Lucies (long version) from Richard Gill

]]> 131 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ataleoftwolucies-231109172254-a0aa5fb9-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 A tale of two Lucies.pdf /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-luciespdf/262624077 ataleoftwolucies-231023072012-d7d39b2f
The RSS has published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The report, ‘Healthcare serial killer or coincidence?’, is produced by the RSS’s Statistics and the Law Section. The group evolved from a working group of the same name set up in early 2000s after the Society wrote to the Lord Chancellor and made a statement setting out concerns around the use of statistical evidence in the case of Sally Clark. According to the report, suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. ]]>
The RSS has published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The report, ‘Healthcare serial killer or coincidence?’, is produced by the RSS’s Statistics and the Law Section. The group evolved from a working group of the same name set up in early 2000s after the Society wrote to the Lord Chancellor and made a statement setting out concerns around the use of statistical evidence in the case of Sally Clark. According to the report, suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. ]]> Mon, 23 Oct 2023 07:20:11 GMT /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-luciespdf/262624077 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) A tale of two Lucies.pdf gill1109 The RSS has published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The report, ‘Healthcare serial killer or coincidence?’, is produced by the RSS’s Statistics and the Law Section. The group evolved from a working group of the same name set up in early 2000s after the Society wrote to the Lord Chancellor and made a statement setting out concerns around the use of statistical evidence in the case of Sally Clark. According to the report, suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ataleoftwolucies-231023072012-d7d39b2f-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> The RSS has published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The report, ‘Healthcare serial killer or coincidence?’, is produced by the RSS’s Statistics and the Law Section. The group evolved from a working group of the same name set up in early 2000s after the Society wrote to the Lord Chancellor and made a statement setting out concerns around the use of statistical evidence in the case of Sally Clark. According to the report, suspicions about medical murder often arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular professional. The RSS has major concerns about use of this kind of evidence in a criminal investigation: first, over the analysis and interpretation of such data, and secondly over whether it can be guaranteed that the data have been compiled in an objective and unbiased manner.

A tale of two Lucies.pdf from Richard Gill

]]> 515 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ataleoftwolucies-231023072012-d7d39b2f-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 A tale of two Lucy’s (as given) /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucys-as-given/262037386 spor-231011072219-419950c2
Subtitle: Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats]]>
Subtitle: Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats]]> Wed, 11 Oct 2023 07:22:19 GMT /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucys-as-given/262037386 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) A tale of two Lucy’s (as given) gill1109 Subtitle: Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/spor-231011072219-419950c2-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Subtitle: Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract: Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats

A tale of two Lucy’s (as given) from Richard Gill

]]> 74 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/spor-231011072219-419950c2-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 A tale of two Lucy’s /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucys/261954176 spor-231009101835-dabbe6b8
Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats]]>
Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats]]> Mon, 09 Oct 2023 10:18:35 GMT /slideshow/a-tale-of-two-lucys/261954176 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) A tale of two Lucy’s gill1109 Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/spor-231009101835-dabbe6b8-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Statistical issues in the investigation of a suspected serial killer nurse Abstract Investigating a cluster of deaths on a hospital ward is a difficult task for medical investigators, police, and courts. Patients do die in hospitals (the three most common causes of deaths in a hospital are, in order: cancer, heart disease, medical errors). Often such cases come to the attention of police investigators for two reasons: gossip about a particular nurse is circulating just as a couple of unexpected and disturbing events occur. Hospital investigators see a pattern and call in the police. I will discuss two such cases with which I have been intensively involved. The first one is the case of the Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk. Arrested in 2001, convicted by a succession of courts up to the supreme court by 2005, after which a long fight started to get her a re-trial. She was completely exonerated in 2010. The second case is that of the English nurse Lucy Letby. Arrested in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for murders taking place in 2015 and 2016. Her trial started in 2022 and concluded with a “full life” sentence a couple of months ago. There are many similarities between the two cases, but also a couple of disturbing differences. One difference being that Lucy Letby’s lawyers seem to have made no attempt whatsoever to defend her. Another difference is that statistics was used against Lucia de Berk but not, apparently, against Lucy Letby. But appearances are not always what they seem. Report published by Royal Statistical Society on statistical issues in these cases https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ News feature in “Science” about myself and my work https://www.science.org/content/article/unlucky-numbers-fighting-murder-convictions-rest-shoddy-stats

A tale of two Lucy’s from Richard Gill

]]> 758 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/spor-231009101835-dabbe6b8-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 vaxjo2023rdg.pdf /slideshow/vaxjo2023rdgpdf-258392040/258392040 vaxjo2023rdg-230613071538-1f07c22c
I discuss various statistical analyses of the recent Bell experiment of Storz et al. (2023, Nature) at ETH Zurich. Both standard and novel analyses under different assumptions result in almost identical conclusions. This suggests strongly that those assumptions are actually satisfied.]]>
I discuss various statistical analyses of the recent Bell experiment of Storz et al. (2023, Nature) at ETH Zurich. Both standard and novel analyses under different assumptions result in almost identical conclusions. This suggests strongly that those assumptions are actually satisfied.]]> Tue, 13 Jun 2023 07:15:38 GMT /slideshow/vaxjo2023rdgpdf-258392040/258392040 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) vaxjo2023rdg.pdf gill1109 I discuss various statistical analyses of the recent Bell experiment of Storz et al. (2023, Nature) at ETH Zurich. Both standard and novel analyses under different assumptions result in almost identical conclusions. This suggests strongly that those assumptions are actually satisfied. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/vaxjo2023rdg-230613071538-1f07c22c-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> I discuss various statistical analyses of the recent Bell experiment of Storz et al. (2023, Nature) at ETH Zurich. Both standard and novel analyses under different assumptions result in almost identical conclusions. This suggests strongly that those assumptions are actually satisfied.

vaxjo2023rdg.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 vaxjo2023rdg.pdf /slideshow/vaxjo2023rdgpdf-258288973/258288973 vaxjo2023rdg-230607110935-ab462963
Final version of slides for Växjö meeting QIP 2023.]]>
Final version of slides for Växjö meeting QIP 2023.]]> Wed, 07 Jun 2023 11:09:35 GMT /slideshow/vaxjo2023rdgpdf-258288973/258288973 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) vaxjo2023rdg.pdf gill1109 Final version of slides for Växjö meeting QIP 2023. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/vaxjo2023rdg-230607110935-ab462963-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Final version of slides for Växjö meeting QIP 2023.

vaxjo2023rdg.pdf from Richard Gill

]]> 53 0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/vaxjo2023rdg-230607110935-ab462963-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds presentation Black http://activitystrea.ms/schema/1.0/post

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0 vaxjo2023rdg.pdf /slideshow/vaxjo2023rdgpdf-258203493/258203493 vaxjo2023rdg-230602104303-4abb6e5e
�ݺ�ߣs for my talk at QIP 2023, in a few days from now, at Växjö]]>
�ݺ�ߣs for my talk at QIP 2023, in a few days from now, at Växjö]]> Fri, 02 Jun 2023 10:43:03 GMT /slideshow/vaxjo2023rdgpdf-258203493/258203493 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) vaxjo2023rdg.pdf gill1109 �ݺ�ߣs for my talk at QIP 2023, in a few days from now, at Växjö <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/vaxjo2023rdg-230602104303-4abb6e5e-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> �ݺ�ߣs for my talk at QIP 2023, in a few days from now, at Växjö

vaxjo2023rdg.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 Apeldoorn.pdf /slideshow/apeldoornpdf/257452647 apeldoorn-230418103743-2e10ea2b
What is the chance it was just a coincidence? Talk in Apeldoorn cultural society OKW on serial killer nurses, forensic science, and statistics.]]>
What is the chance it was just a coincidence? Talk in Apeldoorn cultural society OKW on serial killer nurses, forensic science, and statistics.]]> Tue, 18 Apr 2023 10:37:43 GMT /slideshow/apeldoornpdf/257452647 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Apeldoorn.pdf gill1109 What is the chance it was just a coincidence? Talk in Apeldoorn cultural society OKW on serial killer nurses, forensic science, and statistics. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/apeldoorn-230418103743-2e10ea2b-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> What is the chance it was just a coincidence? Talk in Apeldoorn cultural society OKW on serial killer nurses, forensic science, and statistics.

Apeldoorn.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 LundTalk2.pdf /slideshow/lundtalk2pdf/257385976 lundtalk2-230414040241-3c5f7180
Statistics, causality, and the 2022 Nobel prizes in physics. Richard Gill Leiden University The 2022 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I will explain each of these three gentlemen’s contributions and point out connections to classical statistical causality and probabilistic coupling. It seems that the first commercial application of this work will be a technology called DIQKD: "device independent quantum key distribution". Alice and Bob are far apart and need to establish a shared cryptographic key so as to send one another some securely encrypted messages over public communication channels. How can they create a suitable key while far apart from one another, and only able to communicate using classical means and over public channels?]]>
Statistics, causality, and the 2022 Nobel prizes in physics. Richard Gill Leiden University The 2022 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I will explain each of these three gentlemen’s contributions and point out connections to classical statistical causality and probabilistic coupling. It seems that the first commercial application of this work will be a technology called DIQKD: "device independent quantum key distribution". Alice and Bob are far apart and need to establish a shared cryptographic key so as to send one another some securely encrypted messages over public communication channels. How can they create a suitable key while far apart from one another, and only able to communicate using classical means and over public channels?]]> Fri, 14 Apr 2023 04:02:41 GMT /slideshow/lundtalk2pdf/257385976 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) LundTalk2.pdf gill1109 Statistics, causality, and the 2022 Nobel prizes in physics. Richard Gill Leiden University The 2022 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I will explain each of these three gentlemen’s contributions and point out connections to classical statistical causality and probabilistic coupling. It seems that the first commercial application of this work will be a technology called DIQKD: "device independent quantum key distribution". Alice and Bob are far apart and need to establish a shared cryptographic key so as to send one another some securely encrypted messages over public communication channels. How can they create a suitable key while far apart from one another, and only able to communicate using classical means and over public channels? <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lundtalk2-230414040241-3c5f7180-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Statistics, causality, and the 2022 Nobel prizes in physics. Richard Gill Leiden University The 2022 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”. I will explain each of these three gentlemen’s contributions and point out connections to classical statistical causality and probabilistic coupling. It seems that the first commercial application of this work will be a technology called DIQKD: "device independent quantum key distribution". Alice and Bob are far apart and need to establish a shared cryptographic key so as to send one another some securely encrypted messages over public communication channels. How can they create a suitable key while far apart from one another, and only able to communicate using classical means and over public channels?

LundTalk2.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 LundTalk.pdf /slideshow/lundtalkpdf/257363765 lundtalk-230413070649-981fa013
Healthcare serial killer or coincidence? Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University Abstract: The UK’s *Royal Statistical Society* recently published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The RSS report came out just two weeks before the start of the trial in Manchester of a nurse called Lucy Letby. The trial is still ongoing. So far, neither side has called for evidence from experts in statistics. The core of the prosecution case is that so many odd events connected to nurse LL cannot be a coincidence. I will discuss the challenges both procedural and conceptual which arise when presenting statistical thinking as evidence in criminal trials. https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/]]>
Healthcare serial killer or coincidence? Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University Abstract: The UK’s *Royal Statistical Society* recently published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The RSS report came out just two weeks before the start of the trial in Manchester of a nurse called Lucy Letby. The trial is still ongoing. So far, neither side has called for evidence from experts in statistics. The core of the prosecution case is that so many odd events connected to nurse LL cannot be a coincidence. I will discuss the challenges both procedural and conceptual which arise when presenting statistical thinking as evidence in criminal trials. https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/]]> Thu, 13 Apr 2023 07:06:49 GMT /slideshow/lundtalkpdf/257363765 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) LundTalk.pdf gill1109 Healthcare serial killer or coincidence? Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University Abstract: The UK’s *Royal Statistical Society* recently published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The RSS report came out just two weeks before the start of the trial in Manchester of a nurse called Lucy Letby. The trial is still ongoing. So far, neither side has called for evidence from experts in statistics. The core of the prosecution case is that so many odd events connected to nurse LL cannot be a coincidence. I will discuss the challenges both procedural and conceptual which arise when presenting statistical thinking as evidence in criminal trials. https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/ <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lundtalk-230413070649-981fa013-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Healthcare serial killer or coincidence? Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University Abstract: The UK’s *Royal Statistical Society* recently published a report tackling statistical bias in criminal trials where healthcare professionals are accused of murdering patients. Following several high-profile cases where statistical evidence has been misused, the Society calls for all parties in such cases to consult with professional statisticians and use only expert witnesses who are appropriately qualified. The RSS report came out just two weeks before the start of the trial in Manchester of a nurse called Lucy Letby. The trial is still ongoing. So far, neither side has called for evidence from experts in statistics. The core of the prosecution case is that so many odd events connected to nurse LL cannot be a coincidence. I will discuss the challenges both procedural and conceptual which arise when presenting statistical thinking as evidence in criminal trials. https://rss.org.uk/news-publication/news-publications/2022/section-group-reports/rss-publishes-report-on-dealing-with-uncertainty-i/

LundTalk.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 Breed, BOAS, CFR.pdf /slideshow/breed-boas-cfrpdf/256055841 breedboascfr-230223133427-3e6b039c
Should we ban the breeding of short-muzzled dogs? Statistical analysis of some key data sets.]]>
Should we ban the breeding of short-muzzled dogs? Statistical analysis of some key data sets.]]> Thu, 23 Feb 2023 13:34:27 GMT /slideshow/breed-boas-cfrpdf/256055841 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Breed, BOAS, CFR.pdf gill1109 Should we ban the breeding of short-muzzled dogs? Statistical analysis of some key data sets. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/breedboascfr-230223133427-3e6b039c-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Should we ban the breeding of short-muzzled dogs? Statistical analysis of some key data sets.

Breed, BOAS, CFR.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 Bell mini conference RDG.pptx /slideshow/bell-mini-conference-rdgpptx/255706144 bellminiconferencerdg-230205114437-848ce0e5
Comment on a paper of Marian Kupczynski, to be presented at a mini-workshop on Feb 11, 2023]]>
Comment on a paper of Marian Kupczynski, to be presented at a mini-workshop on Feb 11, 2023]]> Sun, 05 Feb 2023 11:44:37 GMT /slideshow/bell-mini-conference-rdgpptx/255706144 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Bell mini conference RDG.pptx gill1109 Comment on a paper of Marian Kupczynski, to be presented at a mini-workshop on Feb 11, 2023 <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bellminiconferencerdg-230205114437-848ce0e5-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> Comment on a paper of Marian Kupczynski, to be presented at a mini-workshop on Feb 11, 2023

Bell mini conference RDG.pptx from Richard Gill

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0 herring_copenhagen.pdf /slideshow/herringcopenhagenpdf/254268253 herringcopenhagen-221117062715-34a7f5dc
We analyse data from the final two years of a long-running and influential annual Dutch survey of the quality of Dutch New Herring served in large samples of consumer outlets. The data was compiled and analysed by a university econometrician whose findings were publicized in national and international media. This led to the cessation of the survey amid allegations of bias due to a conflict of interest on the part of the leader of the herring tasting team. The survey organizers responded with accusations of failure of scientific integrity. The econometrician was acquitted of wrong-doing by the Dutch authority, whose inquiry nonetheless concluded that further research was needed. We reconstitute the data and uncover its important features which throw new light on the econometrician's findings, focussing on the issue of correlation versus causality: the sample is definitely not a random sample. Taking account both of newly discovered data features and of the sampling mechanism, we conclude that there is no evidence of biased evaluation, despite the econometrician's renewed insistence on his claim.]]>
We analyse data from the final two years of a long-running and influential annual Dutch survey of the quality of Dutch New Herring served in large samples of consumer outlets. The data was compiled and analysed by a university econometrician whose findings were publicized in national and international media. This led to the cessation of the survey amid allegations of bias due to a conflict of interest on the part of the leader of the herring tasting team. The survey organizers responded with accusations of failure of scientific integrity. The econometrician was acquitted of wrong-doing by the Dutch authority, whose inquiry nonetheless concluded that further research was needed. We reconstitute the data and uncover its important features which throw new light on the econometrician's findings, focussing on the issue of correlation versus causality: the sample is definitely not a random sample. Taking account both of newly discovered data features and of the sampling mechanism, we conclude that there is no evidence of biased evaluation, despite the econometrician's renewed insistence on his claim.]]> Thu, 17 Nov 2022 06:27:15 GMT /slideshow/herringcopenhagenpdf/254268253 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) herring_copenhagen.pdf gill1109 We analyse data from the final two years of a long-running and influential annual Dutch survey of the quality of Dutch New Herring served in large samples of consumer outlets. The data was compiled and analysed by a university econometrician whose findings were publicized in national and international media. This led to the cessation of the survey amid allegations of bias due to a conflict of interest on the part of the leader of the herring tasting team. The survey organizers responded with accusations of failure of scientific integrity. The econometrician was acquitted of wrong-doing by the Dutch authority, whose inquiry nonetheless concluded that further research was needed. We reconstitute the data and uncover its important features which throw new light on the econometrician's findings, focussing on the issue of correlation versus causality: the sample is definitely not a random sample. Taking account both of newly discovered data features and of the sampling mechanism, we conclude that there is no evidence of biased evaluation, despite the econometrician's renewed insistence on his claim. <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/herringcopenhagen-221117062715-34a7f5dc-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> We analyse data from the final two years of a long-running and influential annual Dutch survey of the quality of Dutch New Herring served in large samples of consumer outlets. The data was compiled and analysed by a university econometrician whose findings were publicized in national and international media. This led to the cessation of the survey amid allegations of bias due to a conflict of interest on the part of the leader of the herring tasting team. The survey organizers responded with accusations of failure of scientific integrity. The econometrician was acquitted of wrong-doing by the Dutch authority, whose inquiry nonetheless concluded that further research was needed. We reconstitute the data and uncover its important features which throw new light on the econometrician's findings, focussing on the issue of correlation versus causality: the sample is definitely not a random sample. Taking account both of newly discovered data features and of the sampling mechanism, we conclude that there is no evidence of biased evaluation, despite the econometrician's renewed insistence on his claim.

herring_copenhagen.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 Nobel.pdf /gill1109/nobelpdf-253673329 nobel-221018085841-2ac06857
This year’s Nobel prize in physics: homage to John Bell. Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University. Focussing on statistical issues, I will first sketch the history initiated by John Bell’s landmark 1964 paper “On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox”, which led to the 2022 Nobel prize awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/ A breakthrough in the history was the four successful “loophole-free” Bell experiments of 2015 and 2016 in Delft, Munich, NIST and Vienna. These experiments pushed quantum technology to the limit and paved the way for DIQKD (“Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution”) and a quantum internet. They were the first successful implementations of the ideal experimental protocol described by John Bell in his 1981 masterpiece "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", and depended on brilliant later innovations: Eberhard’s discovery that less entanglement could allow stronger manifestation of quantum non-locality, and Zeilinger’s discovery of quantum teleportation, allowing entanglement between photons to be transferred to entanglement between ions or atoms and ultimately to components of manufactured semi-conductors. I will also discuss reanalyses of the 2015+ experiments, which could have allowed the experimenters to claim even smaller p-values than the ones they published, https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00702 "Optimal statistical analyses of Bell experiments"]]>
This year’s Nobel prize in physics: homage to John Bell. Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University. Focussing on statistical issues, I will first sketch the history initiated by John Bell’s landmark 1964 paper “On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox”, which led to the 2022 Nobel prize awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/ A breakthrough in the history was the four successful “loophole-free” Bell experiments of 2015 and 2016 in Delft, Munich, NIST and Vienna. These experiments pushed quantum technology to the limit and paved the way for DIQKD (“Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution”) and a quantum internet. They were the first successful implementations of the ideal experimental protocol described by John Bell in his 1981 masterpiece "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", and depended on brilliant later innovations: Eberhard’s discovery that less entanglement could allow stronger manifestation of quantum non-locality, and Zeilinger’s discovery of quantum teleportation, allowing entanglement between photons to be transferred to entanglement between ions or atoms and ultimately to components of manufactured semi-conductors. I will also discuss reanalyses of the 2015+ experiments, which could have allowed the experimenters to claim even smaller p-values than the ones they published, https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00702 "Optimal statistical analyses of Bell experiments"]]> Tue, 18 Oct 2022 08:58:41 GMT /gill1109/nobelpdf-253673329 gill1109@slideshare.net(gill1109) Nobel.pdf gill1109 This year’s Nobel prize in physics: homage to John Bell. Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University. Focussing on statistical issues, I will first sketch the history initiated by John Bell’s landmark 1964 paper “On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox”, which led to the 2022 Nobel prize awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/ A breakthrough in the history was the four successful “loophole-free” Bell experiments of 2015 and 2016 in Delft, Munich, NIST and Vienna. These experiments pushed quantum technology to the limit and paved the way for DIQKD (“Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution”) and a quantum internet. They were the first successful implementations of the ideal experimental protocol described by John Bell in his 1981 masterpiece "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", and depended on brilliant later innovations: Eberhard’s discovery that less entanglement could allow stronger manifestation of quantum non-locality, and Zeilinger’s discovery of quantum teleportation, allowing entanglement between photons to be transferred to entanglement between ions or atoms and ultimately to components of manufactured semi-conductors. I will also discuss reanalyses of the 2015+ experiments, which could have allowed the experimenters to claim even smaller p-values than the ones they published, https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00702 "Optimal statistical analyses of Bell experiments" <img style="border:1px solid #C3E6D8;float:right;" alt="" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nobel-221018085841-2ac06857-thumbnail.jpg?width=120&height=120&fit=bounds" /> This year’s Nobel prize in physics: homage to John Bell. Richard Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University. Focussing on statistical issues, I will first sketch the history initiated by John Bell’s landmark 1964 paper “On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox”, which led to the 2022 Nobel prize awarded to John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/ A breakthrough in the history was the four successful “loophole-free” Bell experiments of 2015 and 2016 in Delft, Munich, NIST and Vienna. These experiments pushed quantum technology to the limit and paved the way for DIQKD (“Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution”) and a quantum internet. They were the first successful implementations of the ideal experimental protocol described by John Bell in his 1981 masterpiece "Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality", and depended on brilliant later innovations: Eberhard’s discovery that less entanglement could allow stronger manifestation of quantum non-locality, and Zeilinger’s discovery of quantum teleportation, allowing entanglement between photons to be transferred to entanglement between ions or atoms and ultimately to components of manufactured semi-conductors. I will also discuss reanalyses of the 2015+ experiments, which could have allowed the experimenters to claim even smaller p-values than the ones they published, https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00702 "Optimal statistical analyses of Bell experiments"

Nobel.pdf from Richard Gill

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0 https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-gill1109-48x48.jpg?cb=1731474859 Teaching and research and consultation in mathematical statistics, quantum statistics, biostatistics, forensic statistics and related fields. www.math.leidenuniv.nl/~gill https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/rssluciadeberkcase-240918071406-baf57ce9-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/lucia-de-berk-and-lucy-letby-a-comparison-focussing-on-statistics/271868182 Lucia de Berk and Lucy... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/id678cps12richardgill-240814065121-25966c67-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/statistical-issues-in-serial-killer-nurse-cases-222c/271004862 Statistical issues in ... https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/qscgadelft-240601074737-144d0046-thumbnail.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds slideshow/richard-s-aventures-in-two-entangled-wonderlands/269451650 Richard's aventures in...