Tajuk 4 Pengelolaan Aktiviti dan PertandinganAzizi AhmadPengelolaan aktiviti atau pertandingan memerlukan kemahiran-kemahiran khusus seperti kemahiran merancang ,kemahiran teknikal,kemahiran melaksanaserta kemahiran menilai keberkesanannya.Ia melibatkan prosedur yang sistematik yang perlu diikuti.
SOMADOR BINáRIO de 4 bits Renato CabralThis document describes the DM74LS283 4-bit binary adder with fast carry. It performs the addition of two 4-bit binary numbers and outputs the sum and carry. It features full internal look-ahead across all four bits, providing partial look-ahead performance with reduced package count compared to other implementations. The adder logic, including the carry, is implemented without need for logic or level inversion to accomplish end-around carry. It provides typical add times of 25ns for two 8-bit words and 45ns for two 16-bit words.
Design of low power 4 bit full adder using sleepy keeper approacheSAT Publishing HouseIJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IS 139 Assignment 1wajangaThis document provides instructions for an assignment to design and implement a 4-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that can perform addition, subtraction, AND and OR operations. Students are asked to deliver a functioning logic circuit in Deeds that takes two 4-bit input operands and an operation code as input, and produces a 4-bit output result. The circuit should correctly perform the specified operations and optionally detect overflow conditions.
4 bit add subdennis gookyiThis document describes the implementation of a 4-bit adder-subtractor circuit. It first covers the implementation of a half-adder, including its truth table, circuit diagram, and module. It then covers the implementation of a full-adder, including its truth table, circuit diagram, module, and RTL schematic. Finally, it discusses the implementation of the 4-bit adder-subtractor, including its block diagram, flow chart, module, testbench, waveform, and RTL schematic. The 4-bit adder-subtractor can perform addition or subtraction depending on the carry-in bit value.
Ece221 Ch7 Part1developmentalnerdThis document discusses different types of counters including asynchronous (ripple) counters, synchronous counters, down counters, and shift-register counters. It provides examples of how to construct various counters using flip-flops and logic gates. It also covers decoding the output states of counters and issues that can arise from propagation delays in asynchronous counters.
CountersKetaki_PattaniThis document discusses different types of counters used in digital circuits. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to clock pulses. Binary counters count in binary and can count from 0 to 2n-1 with n flip-flops. Asynchronous counters have flip-flops that are not triggered simultaneously by a clock, while synchronous counters use a common clock for all flip-flops. Other counter types include ring counters, Johnson counters, and decade counters. The document provides examples of binary, asynchronous, and synchronous counters and discusses their applications in areas like timing sequences and addressing memory.
CountersLee DiazCounters are sequential circuits where the output value increases by one on each clock cycle and wraps around back to zero after reaching the maximum value. Ripple counters are asynchronous counters where the flip-flops are not connected to a common clock, but instead are triggered one after another by each previous flip-flop's output in a ripple effect. This causes the periods of each successive flip-flop to be multiples of the clock period, with the last flip-flop having the largest period of 2n for an n-bit ripple counter.
Multiplexer & de multiplexervishalgohel12195This document discusses multiplexers and de-multiplexers. It defines a multiplexer as a circuit that accepts multiple input signals but provides a single output signal, selecting one input using control signals. A de-multiplexer is the opposite, accepting one input and providing multiple outputs. Examples of 4-to-1 multiplexers and 1-to-4 de-multiplexers are described. Applications include communication systems, computer memory, and transmitting satellite data. Multiplexers and de-multiplexers are commonly used together and are important combinational logic circuits.
Half adder and full adderKamil HussainA half adder adds two single-bit binary values and produces a sum bit and carry out bit. It uses XOR logic gates. A full adder adds two single-bit values and a carry in bit to produce a sum and carry out. It uses XOR and OR gates. A half subtractor subtracts one single-bit value from another and produces a difference bit and borrow out bit using XOR gates.
SOMADOR BINáRIO de 4 bits Renato CabralThis document describes the DM74LS283 4-bit binary adder with fast carry. It performs the addition of two 4-bit binary numbers and outputs the sum and carry. It features full internal look-ahead across all four bits, providing partial look-ahead performance with reduced package count compared to other implementations. The adder logic, including the carry, is implemented without need for logic or level inversion to accomplish end-around carry. It provides typical add times of 25ns for two 8-bit words and 45ns for two 16-bit words.
Design of low power 4 bit full adder using sleepy keeper approacheSAT Publishing HouseIJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IS 139 Assignment 1wajangaThis document provides instructions for an assignment to design and implement a 4-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that can perform addition, subtraction, AND and OR operations. Students are asked to deliver a functioning logic circuit in Deeds that takes two 4-bit input operands and an operation code as input, and produces a 4-bit output result. The circuit should correctly perform the specified operations and optionally detect overflow conditions.
4 bit add subdennis gookyiThis document describes the implementation of a 4-bit adder-subtractor circuit. It first covers the implementation of a half-adder, including its truth table, circuit diagram, and module. It then covers the implementation of a full-adder, including its truth table, circuit diagram, module, and RTL schematic. Finally, it discusses the implementation of the 4-bit adder-subtractor, including its block diagram, flow chart, module, testbench, waveform, and RTL schematic. The 4-bit adder-subtractor can perform addition or subtraction depending on the carry-in bit value.
Ece221 Ch7 Part1developmentalnerdThis document discusses different types of counters including asynchronous (ripple) counters, synchronous counters, down counters, and shift-register counters. It provides examples of how to construct various counters using flip-flops and logic gates. It also covers decoding the output states of counters and issues that can arise from propagation delays in asynchronous counters.
CountersKetaki_PattaniThis document discusses different types of counters used in digital circuits. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to clock pulses. Binary counters count in binary and can count from 0 to 2n-1 with n flip-flops. Asynchronous counters have flip-flops that are not triggered simultaneously by a clock, while synchronous counters use a common clock for all flip-flops. Other counter types include ring counters, Johnson counters, and decade counters. The document provides examples of binary, asynchronous, and synchronous counters and discusses their applications in areas like timing sequences and addressing memory.
CountersLee DiazCounters are sequential circuits where the output value increases by one on each clock cycle and wraps around back to zero after reaching the maximum value. Ripple counters are asynchronous counters where the flip-flops are not connected to a common clock, but instead are triggered one after another by each previous flip-flop's output in a ripple effect. This causes the periods of each successive flip-flop to be multiples of the clock period, with the last flip-flop having the largest period of 2n for an n-bit ripple counter.
Multiplexer & de multiplexervishalgohel12195This document discusses multiplexers and de-multiplexers. It defines a multiplexer as a circuit that accepts multiple input signals but provides a single output signal, selecting one input using control signals. A de-multiplexer is the opposite, accepting one input and providing multiple outputs. Examples of 4-to-1 multiplexers and 1-to-4 de-multiplexers are described. Applications include communication systems, computer memory, and transmitting satellite data. Multiplexers and de-multiplexers are commonly used together and are important combinational logic circuits.
Half adder and full adderKamil HussainA half adder adds two single-bit binary values and produces a sum bit and carry out bit. It uses XOR logic gates. A full adder adds two single-bit values and a carry in bit to produce a sum and carry out. It uses XOR and OR gates. A half subtractor subtracts one single-bit value from another and produces a difference bit and borrow out bit using XOR gates.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION -Multiplexer,Demultiplexer, EncoderVanitha ChandruThis document discusses multiplexers, demultiplexers, and digital encoders. It provides the following information:
- Multiplexers are digital circuits that select one of several input signals and output the selected signal. Demultiplexers perform the reverse operation.
- Multiplexers and demultiplexers come in variations depending on the number of input/output channels such as 2:1, 4:1, 16:1, etc. Their operation is illustrated using logic gates.
- Digital encoders convert binary input lines into an equivalent binary code output. Priority encoders were developed to solve issues with standard encoders generating incorrect outputs when multiple inputs are high.
CountersRavi Maurya1. A counter is a sequential logic circuit consisting of a set of flip-flops which can go through a sequence of states.
2. There are two main types of counters - asynchronous counters and synchronous counters. Asynchronous counters have propagation delay issues and synchronous counters do not.
3. Counters can be designed to count up, down, or in other sequences depending on the state transition logic and excitation table used to determine the flip-flop inputs.
Multiplexers & DemultiplexersJayanshu GundaniyaMultiplexers and demultiplexers allow digital information from multiple sources to be routed through a single line. A multiplexer has multiple data inputs, select lines to choose an input, and a single output. A demultiplexer has a single input, select lines to choose an output, and multiple outputs. Bigger multiplexers and demultiplexers can be built by cascading smaller ones. Multiplexers can implement logic functions by using the select lines as variables and routing the input lines to the output.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION - Logic gates, Boolean Algebra, Combinational CircuitsVanitha ChandruThis document discusses computer organization and combinational circuits. It begins by defining logic gates as basic building blocks of digital circuits. The seven basic logic gates - AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR - are described along with their truth tables. Using combinations of these logic gates in arrays allows complex operations to be performed in combinational circuits like adders and subtractors. Half adders, full adders, n-bit parallel adders and subtractors are explained as examples of combinational circuits. Boolean algebra is also discussed as it relates to describing digital logic circuits in terms of true and false values.
1. 1. INSTITUT PERGURUAN RAJANGSUBJEK : PENGURUSAN GERAK KERJA
KOKURIKULUM
TAJUK TUGASAN : PENGELOLAAN AKTIVITI
AHLI KUMPULAN :
ABDUL RAHIM BIN MOHD GOBIL ( 770325-13-5079 )
NANCY ANAK MAONG ( 810614-13-5888 )
AZURINA BINTI ALI ( 770107-13-5636 )
KPLI (SR) B.M 2007
PENSYARAH : CIK CINDY WONG CHYEE CHEN
2. PENGELOLAAN AKTIVITI
3. Pengenalan
Pelbagai aktiviti yang boleh dilaksanakandi sekolah rendah atau menengah
olehpersatuan. Aktiviti ini boleh dilaksanakansama ada di dalam atau di luar
kawasansekolah. Diataur secara mingguan,bulanan, semester / penggal dan tahunan.
4. Contoh Aktiviti yang bolehdilaksanakan oleh persatuan yang berasaskan
unitberuniform di sekolah rendah atau menengah
5. Contoh aktiviti yang berasaskan bidang persatuan dan kelab
2. 6.
1. Kuiz
2. Perbahasan
3. Pameran
4. Pertandingan berasaskan kriteria tertentu
5. Seni lukis
6. Kesenian (contohnya, dikir barat, boria dan sebagainya).
7. Lawatan8. Ekspedisi
7. Tujuan diadakan pertandingan dan aktiviti dalam persatuan kokurikulum
1. Menentukan pencapaian seseorang pelajar dalam bidang diceburi.
2. Memantapkan pengurusan jurulatih dan penasihat.
3. Pelajar sentiasa berusaha membaiki diri untuk memenangi sesuatu pertandingan.
4. Menanamkan semangat yang positif dalam diri pelajar seperti kekitaan, kerjasama,
berani, disiplin diri yang tinggi, yakin diri, berani menghadapi cabaran, bertolak ansur,
sabar dan tegas dalam diri pelajar.
5. Melatih pelajar membuat perancangan dan melaksanakan aktiviti dengan teratur dan
sistematik.
6. Memberi peluang kepada pelajar memperagakan bakat dan kebolehan mereka.
3. 7. Mengimbangkan tahap pencapaian antara aktiviti kurikulum (akademik) dengan
kokurikulum.
9. Jenis-jenis aktiviti
10. Di kedua sekolah rendah dan menengah,terdapat pelbagai jenis aktiviti
bolehdilaksanakan oleh persatuan dalamkokurikulum.
11. Contoh aktiviti
1. Olahraga Tahunan
2. Lawatan
3. Perkhemahan
4. Rekreasi
5. Seminar/Forum/Dialog/Persidangan
6. Kawad
7. Pesta kebudayaan8. Pameran
12. Perkhemahan
Hampir semua aktiviti yang dilaksanakan di sekolah rendah dan menengah seperti
program motivasi, kursus-kursus, perkhemahan tahunan unit beruniform dan
pertandingan lain yang melibatkan aktiviti λperkhemahan. Mula dipelopori oleh
persatuan Pengakap, pada tahun 1907 di Pulau Browsea, England. Lebih dikenali sebagai
jambori yang diadakan di peringkat daerah, negeri atau negara.
13. Kejohanan Olahraga Diadakan hampir semua sekolah rendah Kejohanan
diadakanλdan menengah. di peringkat daerah, Terdapat tiga kategoriλnegeri dan negara.
permainan dipertandingkan dalam sesuatu kejohanan olahraga seperti,
14. 1. Sukaneka (terutama dilaksanakan di sekolah rendah bagi pelajar tahap 1 seperti
lari dalam guni, bawa pundi kacang, pecah belon dan sebagainya).2. Acara balapan
seperti acara 50 meter, 100 meter, 200 meter, 1000 meter, 4 x 50 meter, 4 x 200 meter,
lompat berpagar dan sebagainya.3. Acara padang seperti lontar cakera, merejam lembng,
lontar tukul besi dan sebagainya.
15. SesebuahλLawatan sekolah boleh mengadakan lawatan ke tempat tertentu seperti
tempat besejarah, tepi pantai, kilang perusahaan, institusi pendidikan, Lawatan
merupakanλair terjun dan sebagainya. satu kaedah pembelajaran λyang sangat berfaedah
kepa para pelajar. Pelajar dapat memperoleh ilmu dan Sebelumλpengetahuan secara
lansung. membuat sesuatu lawatan, seseorang guru perlu mengikut beberapa prosedur.
Antaranya,
16. 1. Mendapat kebenaran guru besar dan pengetua sekolah.2. Mengisi borang
permohonan lawatan dan mengajukannya kepada JPN.3. Mendapat kebenaran daripada
pihak berkenaan di tempat yang bakal dilawati.4. Menguruskan pengangkutan dan
penginapan.5. Mendapatkan kebenaran daripada ibu bapa.6. Mengadakan taklimat dan
mengagihkan tugasan kepada peserta.
4. 17. Perancangan dan Pengendalian Penting –λProsedur Mengendalikan Aktiviti
Perancangan : Merancang, Menyusun danλCapai Matlamat Persatuan Mengendalikan :
Mentadbir, Mengurus, Mengawal danλMenyelaras Tugas. Peranan Merancang dilakukan
oleh Jawatankuasa KerjaλMelaksanakan. Persatuan.
18. Tujuan Merancang1. Aktiviti lebih menarik dan2. Mendatangkan faedah atau
manfaat3. Menghasilkan kejayaan atau mencapai objektf4. Kerja yang teratur
19. Langkah Merancang Program & Aktiviti1. Membuat / menyediakan kertas kerja2.
Menyediakan mesyuarat penyelarasan3. Tindakan susulan persiapan awal & pengagihan
tugas4. Mengadakan mesyuarat susulan5. Mngendalikan kertas kerja
20. Menyediakan Kertas Kerja
21. Disediakanλ oleh jawatankuasa yang Perancanganλbrtanggungjawab melibatkan
perkara seperti λbila, bagaimana, siapa dan sebagainya. Perkara dalam sesuatu kertas
kerja. Contohnya – Aktiviti kokurikulum: Pendahuluan, objektif dan matlamat, tema,
tarikh dan pelaksanaan, tempat,dif Dilaksanakanλperasmian, bil penyertaan dan
kategori… apabila langkah-langkah merancang aktiviti telah dilakukan.
22. Surat - menyurat
23. λ λPenting dilaksanakan Bentuk surat rasmi – guru penasihat, λjurulatih,
setiausaha dan pengerusi Antara surat menyurat : 1. Surat siaran – makluman aktiviti /
program 2. Surat kebenaran ibubapa 3. Permit pihak tertentu 4. Jabatan Pengangkutan
Jalan 5. Pegawai daerah, ketua kampung 6. Peraturan keselamatan
24. Semasa AktivitiSebelum Aktiviti Dijalankan Selepas Dilaksanakan Aktiviti
Dilaksanakan PERATURAN DAN PERATURAN DAN LANGKAH-LANGKAH
LANGKAH-LANGKAH PENGELOLAAN PENGELOLAAN
25. SEBELUM AKTIVITI DILAKSANAKANSenarai Semak Berlandaskan
Menyenaraikan Bidang TugasAktiviti Yang dilaksanakan Bagi Setiap JawatankuasaCth:
Sukan Tahunan Sekolah Cth: Perkhemahan Unit Beruniform Sekolah Taklimat Kepada
Peserta Cth: Aktiviti Perkhemahan
Penting bagiϖ26. SENARAI SEMAK pihak sekolahϖmenentukan tindakan
yangdijalankan mengikut perancangan dan jawatankuasa dapat mengesanmasalah-
masalah yang timbul dan tindakan langkah-langkah untuk mengatasinya
dapatdiambilϖyangbelum dilaksanakan dengan segera.
27. Contoh senarai semak Jawatan/Peranan Tarikh Tanda (/) jika telah Catatan
dilaksanakanK
28. TAKLIMAT KEPADA PESERTA Contohnya : Tingkah laku semasa Perkara
yang perlu dibawa;Aktiviti perkhemahan Masa Pengangkutan; Surat kebenaran ibu
bapa; Pakaian;aktiviti; Keadaan tempatberlepas dan dijangka tiba; dan
berkhemah/berkelah/melawat dan sebagainya.
29. MENYENARAIKAN BIDANG TUGAS SETIAP JAWATANKUASA
Contohnya : Perkhemahan unit beruniform sekolah Jawatankuasa Bidang Tugas o
Menyelaras dan mengurus semua perkara yang berkaitan dengan perjalanan kursus,
peserta dan semua jawatankuasaKomandan yang terlibat kem o mengendalikan taklimat
kepada peserta o Mengurus semua urusan surat-menyurat dan bertulis yang berkaitan
dengan kursus dan membantu Komandan KemSetiausaha dalam urusan berkaitan o
Menyiapkan buku program o Mengurus kutipan bayaran pesrtaBendahari o Mengurus
semua bayaran dan perkara yang terlibat dengan kewangan semasa kursus
5. 30. SEMASA AKTIVITI DILAKSANAKANSemasa aktiviti atau pertandingan
dijalankan, pihak urusetia atau komandankem hendaklah memastikan beberapa langkah
keselamatan. Antaranya ialah: Memastikan tempat dan peralatan aktiviti/pertandingan
selamat Memastikan pegawai/pengadil/hakimdigunakanoleh peserta dan pegawai
Mengedarkan borang pemarkahansentiasa berada di tempatpertandingan memastikan
semua peserta melapor diri kepadakepada pengadil/hakim menyediakan peralatan
pertandingan, aktiviti yangpengurus peserta. mengawasi dan memantausecukupnya
bagi setiapacara atau aktiviti. memstikan langkah-langkahpelaksanaan aktiviti atau
pertandingan memberikeselamatan telah diambil bagi setiapaktiviti/pertandingan
taklimat kepada peserta mengenai acara, syarat pertandinganatau aktiviti dan langkah-
langkah keselamatan yang perlu diambil tindakanoleh setiap peserta.
31. SELEPAS AKTIVITI DILAKSANAKANSelepas aktiviti dilaksanakan, penganjur
atau urusetia atau PengerusiJawatankuasa Pengelola perlu memastikan beberapa perkara
diselesaikan.Antaranya: Membayar semua bil danMembersihkan kawasan yang
digunakan Memastikan barang-barang /peralatan yang dibawa cukuppembelanjaan
Memastikan semuaMemastikan semua peralatan yang dipinjam dipulangkan
Memastikan semuaperalatan dan barang di simpan di tempat asal Menyampaikan
hadiah,peralatan tidak tercicir di tempat aktiviti Membuat pelaporan
aktiviti,cenderahati dan sijil kepada peserta. penyertaan, kewangan dan laporan-
laporan lainyang difikirkan perlu, Menghantar surat penghargaan kepada mereka yang
memberi sumbangandan kerjasama seperti penceramah, jurulatih, penaja dan sebagainya.
32. Dilakukan selepas aktiviti / pogramλPenilaian Dan Pelaporan Setiausaha J/K –
mesyuarat post-mortem-λdilaksanakan bincangkan aktiviti yang telah Maklumbalas –
sebagai sempadanλdilaksanakan. & panduan – aktiviti seterusnya.
Vasudevanλ33. (1987) Penilaian bertujuan : 1. Menentukan sejauh mana objektif dan
matlamat aktiviti tercapai. 2. Bukti tentang nilai dan sumbangan kepada aktiviti atau
program 3. Mengetahui keberkesanan pelaksanaan dan tugas setiap AJK. 4. Menentukan
jumlah program atau aktiviti yang dijalankan berbanding jumlah disarankan.
bersambung…
34. 5. Membaiki proses serta langkah-langkah melaksanakan tugas.6. Tentukan semua
operasi dijalankan mengikut rancangan – baiki kelemahan dan kegiatan yang tidak
sepadan.7. Menyemak pencapaian pentadbiran.
35. PenilaianDilakukan secara formal dan tidak formal :1. Formal : Menggunakan
borang soal selidik2. Tidak formal : Perbualan tidak berstruktur dan dirancang – semasa
atau selepas aktiviti dilaksanakan.
36. Mesyuarat AJKλPost-Mortem Kecil – Mengadakan mesyuarat – bincangkan isu
berkaitan peranan dan tugas Diadakan secara formal dan tidakλAJK. Perkara yang
dibincangkan :λformal 1. Tanggungjawab dilaksanakan dengan licin atau sebaliknya. 2.
Pelaksanaan aktiviti, masalah, cara penyelesaian, pendapat umum dan isu-isu berkaitan
aktiviti. bersambung…
Keputusanλ37. mesyuarat dan laporan bertulis – setiausaha – laporan keseluruhan
Walaubagaimanapun AJK boleh bermesyuaratλaktiviti. post-mortem Setiausaha
mencatat pandangan, kritikan,λserentak. cadangan dan Laporan aktiviti dibentangkan
6. dalam mesyuaratλsebagainya. Jawatankuasa Namun demikian, diperinkat persatuan –
λKerja Persatuan. sekolah rendah dan menengah tidak diadakan mesyuarat post-mortem
Post-mortem - kekurangan diatasi dan diambil kira - Kekuatan diteruskan
38. PENYEDIAKAN LAPORAN AKTIVITISetiausaha perlu membuat laporan
keseluruhan aktiviti yang dilaksanakan. Antaraperkara yang perlu dimasukkan ke dalam
laporan aktiviti adalah Bilangan penyertaan¬ Tempat¬ Tarikh dan masa¬
Pendahuluan¬seperti: Dif yang¬ Dif yang hadir
(VIP)¬(peserta/jurulatih/pegawai/pembantu) Laporan¬ Jawatankuasa Kerja dan
Jawatankuasa Kecil¬merasmikan (VVIP) ¬ Laporan Kewangan¬atur cara dan aktiviti
yang telah dilaksanakan ¬ Masalah yang timbul¬ Penilaian Keseluruhan¬Laporan
Jawatankuasa Kecil Penutu¬Pandangan dan cadangan untuk membaiki dan mengatasi