Counters
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Counters are sequential circuits where the output value increases by one on each clock cycle and wraps around back to zero after reaching the maximum value. Ripple counters are asynchronous counters where the flip-flops are not connected to a common clock, but instead are triggered one after another by each previous flip-flop's output in a ripple effect. This causes the periods of each successive flip-flop to be multiples of the clock period, with the last flip-flop having the largest period of 2n for an n-bit ripple counter.
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This document discusses Johnson counters, which are a modification of ring counters. In a Johnson counter, the output from the last flip-flop is inverted and fed back to the input of the first flip-flop, rather than directly connecting the last output to the first input as in a ring counter. This allows a Johnson counter to use half as many flip-flops as a standard ring counter of the same modulus. The document provides the circuit diagram, truth table, and timing diagram of a 4-bit Johnson counter, and lists some example uses and components needed to build a 4-bit Johnson counter.Counters
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This document provides information about different types of counters, including asynchronous counters, synchronous counters, MSI counters, and specific counter integrated circuits. It defines counters and describes their basic characteristics. It discusses asynchronous ripple counters and their timing. It provides examples of decade and binary counters. It describes synchronous counters and MSI counters like the 74LS163 4-bit synchronous counter. Finally, it provides truth tables, logic diagrams, and application information for common counter ICs like the 7490, 7492, 7493, and 74LS163.Johnson counter
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A binary counter uses multiple flip-flops depending on the number of bits required. There are two types of counters: synchronous uses a common clock for all flip-flops while asynchronous only clocks the first stage. A twisted ring or Johnson counter is similar to a ring counter but inverts the output of the last stage and feeds it back to the first stage input. This creates a pattern that is twice the length of the shift register and circulates indefinitely. Twisted ring counters are used in applications like walking LED displays and converting square waves to sine waves.Chapter#8
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Registers are memory elements that store binary words. Counters are registers that count clock pulses. There are different types of registers like buffer registers, shift registers, and controlled shift registers. Ripple counters count clock pulses using JK flip flops but have propagation delays. Synchronous counters clock all flip flops simultaneously, eliminating propagation delays. Ring counters sequentially activate devices by having only one high bit in the stored word.Counters
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1. A counter is a sequential logic circuit consisting of a set of flip-flops which can go through a sequence of states.
2. There are two main types of counters - asynchronous counters and synchronous counters. Asynchronous counters have propagation delay issues and synchronous counters do not.
3. Counters can be designed to count up, down, or in other sequences depending on the state transition logic and excitation table used to determine the flip-flop inputs.Counter
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Counters are digital circuits that increment or decrement a stored value in response to a clock or trigger signal. There are two main types: ripple counters where the output of one flip-flop triggers the next, causing a ripple effect; and synchronous counters where all flip-flops change simultaneously according to a clock. Counters are widely used in computers and devices like clocks to keep track of events.Basics Counters 
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This document discusses different types of counters used in digital circuits. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to clock pulses. Binary counters count in binary and can count from 0 to 2n-1 with n flip-flops. Asynchronous counters have flip-flops that are not triggered simultaneously by a clock, while synchronous counters use a common clock for all flip-flops. Other counter types include ring counters, Johnson counters, and decade counters. The document provides examples of binary, asynchronous, and synchronous counters and discusses their applications in areas like timing sequences and addressing memory.Counters
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A counter circuit can have unused states in its state table. For example, a 3-bit counter that counts 000, 001, 010, 100, 101, 110 only uses 6 of the possible 8 states. The unused states may be assigned specific next states or left as "don't care" values. Ring counters like straight and twisted (Johnson) counters can generate different timing signals by circulating a single logic value around a shift register feedback loop. A Johnson counter generates twice as many states as a straight ring counter of the same size by using complemented feedback.DELD Unit IV ring and twisted ring counter
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A modulus-n counter is a sequential logic device that counts through a predetermined sequence of states when triggered by a clock signal. The number of states it cycles through before returning to the initial state is called its modulus. For example, a 2-bit counter with states 00, 01, 10, 11 has a modulus of 4. The maximum modulus of an n-bit counter is 2^n. Modulus counters are used in applications like frequency counters, digital clocks, time measurement, and more.Counters
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All the flip-flop are clocked simultaneously.
Synchronous counters can operate at much higher frequencies than asynchronous counters.
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The full thesis is available here: https://epub.jku.at/urn/urn:nbn:at:at-ubl:1-83896[Webinar] Scaling Made Simple: Getting Started with No-Code Web Apps![[Webinar] Scaling Made Simple: Getting Started with No-Code Web Apps](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/webinarscalingmadesimplegettingstartedwithno-codewebapps-mar52025-250305183437-f03c78a3-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
[Webinar] Scaling Made Simple: Getting Started with No-Code Web AppsSafe Software
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Ready to simplify workflow sharing across your organization without diving into complex coding? With FME Flow Apps, you can build no-code web apps that make your data work harder for you fast.
In this webinar, well show you how to:
Build and deploy Workspace Apps to create an intuitive user interface for self-serve data processing and validation.
Automate processes using Automation Apps. Learn to create a no-code web app to kick off workflows tailored to your needs, trigger multiple workspaces and external actions, and use conditional filtering within automations to control your workflows.
Create a centralized portal with Gallery Apps to share a collection of no-code web apps across your organization.
Through real-world examples and practical demos, youll learn how to transform your workflows into intuitive, self-serve solutions that empower your team and save you time. We cant wait to show you whats possible!The Future of Repair: Transparent and Incremental by Botond Denes
The Future of Repair: Transparent and Incremental by Botond DenesScyllaDB
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Regularly run repairs are essential to keep clusters healthy, yet having a good repair schedule is more challenging than it should be. Repairs often take a long time, preventing running them often. This has an impact on data consistency and also limits the usefulness of the new repair based tombstone garbage collection. We want to address these challenges by making repairs incremental and allowing for automatic repair scheduling, without relying on external tools.MIND Revenue Release Quarter 4 2024 - Finacial Presentation
MIND Revenue Release Quarter 4 2024 - Finacial PresentationMIND CTI
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MIND Revenue Release Quarter 4 2024 - Finacial PresentationTrustArc Webinar - Building your DPIA/PIA Program: Best Practices & Tips
TrustArc Webinar - Building your DPIA/PIA Program: Best Practices & TipsTrustArc
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Understanding DPIA/PIAs and how to implement them can be the key to embedding privacy in the heart of your organization as well as achieving compliance with multiple data protection / privacy laws, such as GDPR and CCPA. Indeed, the GDPR mandates Privacy by Design and requires documented Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) for high risk processing and the EU AI Act requires an assessment of fundamental rights.
How can you build this into a sustainable program across your business? What are the similarities and differences between PIAs and DPIAs? What are the best practices for integrating PIAs/DPIAs into your data privacy processes?
Whether you're refining your compliance framework or looking to enhance your PIA/DPIA execution, this session will provide actionable insights and strategies to ensure your organization meets the highest standards of data protection.
Join our panel of privacy experts as we explore:
- DPIA & PIA best practices
- Key regulatory requirements for conducting PIAs and DPIAs
- How to identify and mitigate data privacy risks through comprehensive assessments
- Strategies for ensuring documentation and compliance are robust and defensible
- Real-world case studies that highlight common pitfalls and practical solutionsFormal Methods: Whence and Whither? [Martin Fr辰nzle Festkolloquium, 2025]![Formal Methods: Whence and Whither? [Martin Fr辰nzle Festkolloquium, 2025]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mf2025-250305164811-a0930761-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
Formal Methods: Whence and Whither? [Martin Fr辰nzle Festkolloquium, 2025]Jonathan Bowen
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Alan Turing arguably wrote the first paper on formal methods 75 years ago. Since then, there have been claims and counterclaims about formal methods. Tool development has been slow but aided by Moores Law with the increasing power of computers. Although formal methods are not widespread in practical usage at a heavyweight level, their influence as crept into software engineering practice to the extent that they are no longer necessarily called formal methods in their use. In addition, in areas where safety and security are important, with the increasing use of computers in such applications, formal methods are a viable way to improve the reliability of such software-based systems. Their use in hardware where a mistake can be very costly is also important. This talk explores the journey of formal methods to the present day and speculates on future directions.
Early Adopter's Guide to AI Moderation (Preview)
Early Adopter's Guide to AI Moderation (Preview)nick896721
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Early Adopter's Guide to AI Moderation preview by User Interviews.How Discord Indexes Trillions of Messages: Scaling Search Infrastructure by V...
How Discord Indexes Trillions of Messages: Scaling Search Infrastructure by V...ScyllaDB
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This talk shares how Discord scaled their message search infrastructure using Rust, Kubernetes, and a multi-cluster Elasticsearch architecture to achieve better performance, operability, and reliability, while also enabling new search features for Discord users.DevNexus - Building 10x Development Organizations.pdf
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Developer Experience is Dead! Long Live Developer Experience!
In this keynote-style session, well take a detailed, granular look at the barriers to productivity developers face today and modern approaches for removing them. 10x developers may be a myth, but 10x organizations are very real, as proven by the influential study performed in the 1980s, The Coding War Games.
Right now, here in early 2025, we seem to be experiencing YAPP (Yet Another Productivity Philosophy), and that philosophy is converging on developer experience. It seems that with every new method, we invent to deliver products, whether physical or virtual, we reinvent productivity philosophies to go alongside them.
But which of these approaches works? DORA? SPACE? DevEx? What should we invest in and create urgency behind today so we dont have the same discussion again in a decade?Replacing RocksDB with ScyllaDB in Kafka Streams by Almog Gavra
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Learn how Responsive replaced embedded RocksDB with ScyllaDB in Kafka Streams, simplifying the architecture and unlocking massive availability and scale. The talk covers unbundling stream processors, key ScyllaDB features tested, and lessons learned from the transition.Future-Proof Your Career with AI Options
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Learn about the difference between automation, AI and agentic and ways you can harness these to further your career. In this session you will learn:
Introduction to automation, AI, agentic
Trends in the marketplace
Take advantage of UiPath training and certification
In demand skills needed to strategically position yourself to stay ahead
If you have any questions or feedback, please refer to the "Women in Automation 2025" dedicated Forum thread. You can find there extra details and updates.
Technology use over time and its impact on consumers and businesses.pptx
Technology use over time and its impact on consumers and businesses.pptxkaylagaze
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In this presentation, I will discuss how technology has changed consumer behaviour and its impact on consumers and businesses. I will focus on internet access, digital devices, how customers search for information and what they buy online, video consumption, and lastly consumer trends.
Endpoint Backup: 3 Reasons MSPs Ignore It
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Many MSPs overlook endpoint backup, missing out on additional profit and leaving a gap that puts client data at risk.
Join our webinar as we break down the top challenges of endpoint backupand how to overcome them.AIXMOOC 2.3 - Modelli di reti neurali con esperimenti di addestramento
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Lezione tenuta da Alessandro Bogliolo nell'ambito del MOOC dell'Universit di Urbino dedicato a LLMs e IA generativa
https://mooc.uniurb.it/aixmooc Transform Your Future with Front-End Development Training
Transform Your Future with Front-End Development TrainingVtechlabs
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Kickstart your career in web development with our front-end web development course in Vadodara. Learn HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, and more through hands-on projects and expert mentorship. Our front-end development course with placement includes real-world training, mock interviews, and job assistance to help you secure top roles like Front-End Developer, UI/UX Developer, and Web Designer.
Join VtechLabs today and build a successful career in the booming IT industry!Backstage Software Templates for Java Developers
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As a Java developer you might have a hard time accepting the limitations that you feel being introduced into your development cycles. Let's look at the positives and learn everything important to know to turn Backstag's software templates into a helpful tool you can use to elevate the platform experience for all developers.Both Feet on the Ground - Generative Artificial Intelligence
Both Feet on the Ground - Generative Artificial IntelligencePete Nieminen
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High-level presentation for executives and board professionals about Generative AI, its current uses and governance models.Brave Browser Crack 1.45.133 Activated 2025
Brave Browser Crack 1.45.133 Activated 2025kherorpacca00126
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https://ncracked.com/7961-2/
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Brave is a free Chromium browser developed for Win Downloads, macOS and Linux systems that allows users to browse the internet in a safer, faster and more secure way than its competition. Designed with security in mind, Brave automatically blocks ads and trackers which also makes it faster,
As Brave naturally blocks unwanted content from appearing in your browser, it prevents these trackers and pop-ups from slowing Download your user experience. It's also designed in a way that strips Downloaden which data is being loaded each time you use it. Without these components
Unlock AI Creativity: Image Generation with DALL揃E
Unlock AI Creativity: Image Generation with DALL揃EExpeed Software
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Discover the power of AI image generation with DALL揃E, an advanced AI model that transforms text prompts into stunning, high-quality visuals. This presentation explores how artificial intelligence is revolutionizing digital creativity, from graphic design to content creation and marketing. Learn about the technology behind DALL揃E, its real-world applications, and how businesses can leverage AI-generated art for innovation. Whether you're a designer, developer, or marketer, this guide will help you unlock new creative possibilities with AI-driven image synthesis.Counters
- 1. Counters Counters are a specific type of sequential circuit. Like registers, the state, or the flip- flop values themselves, serves as the output. The output value increases by one on each clock cycle. After the largest value, the output wraps around back to 0. 1
- 2. Using two bits: 1 00 01 Present State Next State A B A B 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 11 10 2
- 4. Asynchronous Counters This counter is called asynchronous because not all flip flops are hooked to the same clock. 4
- 5. This is called as a ripple counter due to the way the FFs respond one after another in a kind of rippling effect. In a ripple counter, a flip-flop output transition serves as a source for triggering other flip- flops. 5
- 6. 6
- 7. Asynchronous counters If the clock has period T. Q0 has period 2T. Q1 period is 4T With n flip flops the period is 2n. 7
- 8. Binary Ripple Counter (2 bits, 3 bits, 4 bits, ) 1 to 0 Binary Countdown Counter 0 to 1 BCD Ripple Counter 4 bits 8
- 9. 9
- 10. BINARY RIPPLE COUNTER 10
- 11. BINARY COUNTDOWN COUNTER 11
- 12. 12
- 13. BCD RIPPLE COUNTER 13
- 14. 14