1 tuberculosis
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This document discusses tuberculosis (TB), including its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. TB is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It can be transmitted through inhalation of airborne droplets from an infected person. Diagnosis involves tests like tuberculin skin tests, chest x-rays, and bacterial studies. Treatment consists of a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months to prevent drug resistance. Nursing care focuses on improving breathing, preventing transmission, maintaining nutrition, and ensuring compliance with the medication regimen.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation in the air sacs, making it difficult to breathe. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The document discusses the causes, types, symptoms, complications, treatment including antibiotics and respiratory support, and nursing management of pneumonia with a focus on improving breathing, rest, hydration, and nutrition.Pneumonia ppt
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Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by various microorganisms. It is classified as community-acquired, hospital-acquired, or in immunocompromised patients. Clinical features include fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves a chest x-ray and cultures. Treatment consists of antibiotics based on culture results and supportive care like oxygen and hydration. Nursing focuses on improving airway clearance and promoting rest. Complications can include continuing symptoms, shock, respiratory failure, or fluid buildup in the lungs.PNEUMONIA
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Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Pneumonitis is a more general term that describes the inflammatory process in the lung tissue that may predispose and Pneumonia is an in鍖ammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent.
place the patient at risk for microbial invasion.
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Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial or viral infection that fills the air sacs with fluid or pus. It can affect one or both lungs. Risk factors include impaired cough or mucociliary clearance from smoking, aging, or illness. Symptoms include cough, fever, chills, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and tests of sputum or blood. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, supportive care like oxygen, clearing secretions, and preventing complications like respiratory failure. Vaccines can help prevent pneumococcal pneumonia.Pneumonia
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This document discusses pneumonia, providing definitions, classifications, etiologies, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatments. Pneumonia is an acute lung infection caused by various pathogens. It is classified based on pathogen (bacterial, viral, fungal, etc.), anatomy (lobar, lobular, interstitial), and environment acquired (community, hospital, nursing home). Clinical exams, imaging, and pathogen identification are used for diagnosis. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy targeting the likely pathogens based on patient characteristics and environment. Complications can include sepsis, abscesses, and extrapulmonary infections if not properly treated.Pneumonia
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This presentation provides information about pneumonia, including its definition, classification, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, nursing management, preventive measures, prognosis, and complications. Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the lungs caused most commonly by infection. It is classified based on its causes such as bacterial or viral, and the area of lung involvement. Common signs include fever, cough, and chest pain. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and nursing interventions like chest physiotherapy. Preventive measures include vaccinations, smoking cessation, and reducing alcohol use. Most patients improve with treatment but elderly or very sick individuals may have longer recovery times.Gwen med surg pneumonia final
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites that leads to inflammation of the alveoli or fluid in the alveoli. Common symptoms include cough, fever, fast breathing and chest pain. Treatment depends on the cause but often includes antibiotics, rest and fluids. Pneumonia can be prevented through vaccines for pneumococcal disease and healthy habits like hand washing, not smoking, and avoiding contact with others who have pneumonia.Pneumonia
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This document provides an overview of pneumonia, including its definition, classification, causes, transmission, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, nursing care, prevention, prognosis, and complications. Pneumonia is defined as an inflammatory condition of the lungs caused by infectious agents. It can be classified according to its causes such as bacterial, viral, fungal, or chemical, and the area of lung involvement. Common symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, chest x-ray, and sputum/blood tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and chest physiotherapy. Nursing care focuses on airway maintenance, infection control, respiratory support,Lower respiratory tract infection Pneumonia
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This document discusses the approach to diagnosing and treating respiratory tract infections in children. It begins by listing the objectives and introducing that respiratory infections are common in children, with upper respiratory infections making up 40-50% of pediatric outpatient cases. It then describes the components of the respiratory tract, common symptoms, and appropriate examinations. The document emphasizes establishing if the infection is upper or lower respiratory, identifying causative organisms, and providing symptomatic relief with antibiotics reserved for specific bacterial infections.Alwesaibie pneumonia
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Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition caused by bacteria or viruses that enter the lungs. When pathogens enter the alveoli, or air sacs, white blood cells rush to fight the infection, filling the sacs with fluid and pus. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause. Risk factors include old age, smoking, lung diseases, and weakened immunity. Symptoms include fever, chills, cough with colored mucus, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-rays, and tests of sputum or blood. Antibiotics treat bacterial pneumonia while rest and fluids help viral cases. Vaccines can prevent pneumococcal pneumonia.Approach to a child with respiratry tract infection
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This document discusses the approach to diagnosing and treating respiratory tract infections in children. It begins by listing the objectives and introducing that respiratory infections are common in children, with upper respiratory infections making up 40-50% of pediatric outpatient cases. It then describes the components of the respiratory tract, common symptoms, and appropriate examinations. The document emphasizes establishing if the infection is upper or lower respiratory, identifying causative organisms, and providing symptomatic relief with antibiotics reserved for specific bacterial infections.Alwesaibie pneumonia
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This document discusses various types of chest infections including acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and community acquired pneumonia. It outlines the typical bacteria that cause these infections and recommends antibiotics for treatment. For most cases of acute bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia in previously healthy individuals, amoxicillin is recommended. Erythromycin is suggested if an atypical infection like Mycoplasma pneumoniae is suspected. Antibiotic use should be limited to cases where symptoms meet specific criteria to reduce antibiotic resistance.8 Lower Respiratory Infections
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This document provides information about pneumonia, including:
- Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria or viruses. It is characterized by inflammation and consolidation of the lungs.
- The pathology of pneumonia involves an inflammatory response that leads to fluid build up in the lungs, visible on scans as infiltrates. This progresses from edema to red and gray hepatization as immune cells fight the infection.
- Community-acquired pneumonia has many potential causes and symptoms may include fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment focuses on oxygen, intravenous fluids, and identifying the cause. Prevention involves vaccination, smoking cessation, and improving nutrition.Pneumonia seminar presentaation
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1 tuberculosis
- 1. CLINICAL SPECIALITY II CARDIOVASCULAR & THORACIC NURSING UNIT V CARDIAC DISORDERS AND NURSING MANAGEMENT TUBERCULOSIS
- 2. General objective: At the end of this class students will be acquainted with Tuberculosis. Specific objective: Define Tuberculosis. Mention the causes of Tuberculosis Discuss the types of Tuberculosis Describe clinical manifestation of Tuberculosis Discuss management of Tuberculosis.
- 4. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually involves the lungs, but it also occurs in the larynx, kidneys , bones, adrenal glands, lymph nodes and meninges and can be disseminated throughout the body. TUBERCULOSIS
- 6. Close contact with TB patient. Inhalation of airborne nuclei from an infected person. Immunocompromised status ( HIV, Cancer, prolonged high-dose corticosteroid therapy) Substance abuse. Pre-existing medical condition. Living in overcrowded , substandard living. RISK FACTORS
- 8. Exposure to source Aerosolization of droplet nuclei Inhalation of bacteria Bacteria reach lungs enter macrophages Bacteria multiply in macrophages Granulomatous lesions begins to form ( caseous necrosis) Lesion liqifies & spread to blood , organs Death
- 10. Tuberculin skin test Chest x- ray Bacterial studies Quantiferon-TB(QFT) Diagnostic evaluation
- 12. First line drugs PERIS Pyrazinamide. Ethambutol. Rifampicin. Isoniazid. Streptomycin.
- 13. Second Line drugs: Fluroquinolones. Aminoglycosides (Kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin) Ethionamide P-Amino salicylic acid Cylcoserine.
- 15. Improving Breathing Pattern Administer and teach self-administration of medications as ordered Encourage rest and avoidance of exertion Monitor breath sounds, respiratory rate, sputum production, and dyspnea Provide supplemental oxygen as ordered. NURSING MANAGEMENT
- 16. Preventing Transmission of Infection Be aware that TB is transmitted by respiratory droplets or secretions. Provide care for hospitalized patient in a negative-pressure room to prevent respiratory droplets from escaped when door is opened. Enforce rule that all staff and visitors use well-fitted standard dust/mist/fume masks for contact with patient.
- 17. Use high-efficiency particulate masks, such as high- efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter masks, for high- r_M procedures, including suctioning, bronchoscopy, or pentamidine treatments. Use standard precautions for additional protection gowns and gloves for direct contact with patient, linens :: articles in room, meticulous hand washing.
- 18. Improving Nutritional Status Explain the importance of eating a nutritious diet to promote healing and improve defense against infection. Provide small, frequent meals and liquid supplements during symptomatic period. Monitor weight. Administer vitamin supplements, as ordered, particularly pyridoxine (vitamin B(.) to prevent peripheral neuropathy in patients taking isoniazid.
- 19. Improving Compliance Educate the patient about the etiology, transmission, and effects of TB. Stress the importance of continuing to take medicine for the prescribed time because bacilli multiply slowly and thus can only be eradicated over a long period Review adverse effects of the drug therapy. Question the patient specifically about common toxicities of drugs being used, and emphasize immediate reporting should these occur.
- 20. Participate in observation of medication taking, weekly pill counts, or other programs designed to increase compliance with treatment for TB.