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Classification societies are organizations that establish and enforce standards for the design, construction and operation of ships. Their responsibilities have expanded over time beyond just classifying ships to include statutory surveys, research, software development and more. Their main goals are to ensure ships comply with established safety rules and prevent vessels from falling into a substandard condition through regular classification surveys. Some of the major classification societies include Lloyd's Register, American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det Norske Veritas and others.

What is CLASSIFICATION
SOCIETY
? A body that ensures that class of a ship,
however, with increasing demands from
all quarters of the industry and the
continuous development of ship
technology, the societies have changed
in form as a consequences of accepting
the additional responsibilities

Present Role of
Classification Societies
? To assign a Class
notation
? Maintenance of class
? Relevant research
work
? Statutory surveys
(marine
administration)
? Charter surveys
? Profitability advice
(to owner)
? Development of
computer software
? Set up worldwide
networks
? Carry out surveys
? Certification
? Emergency technical
services

Classification Responsibilities
? To ensure that merchant ships and marine
structure presented to it comply with rules
that the society had established for
design, construction and periodic survey
? Trough it classification survey procedure it
is the intent of the society to prevent
vessel from falling into a substandard
condition.

Major Classification
Societies in the world
? Lloyd's Register (LR)
? American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
? Bureau Veritas (BV)
? Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
? Registro Italiano Navale (RINA)
? Class NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK)
? Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
? Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS)
? China Classification Society (CCS)
? Türk Loydu Turkish Register of Shipping (TL)
? Indian Register of Shipping (IRS)
? Polski Rejestr Statków (PRS)
? Korean Register of Shipping (KR)
? Hellenic Register of Shipping (HRS)

Surveys Areas for Container
Ships
LWL
Bow flare impact
pressure
High stress at
hatch corners in
forward hold
Watertight
bulkheads
Large distortion of
hatch opening for
hatch cover design
High stress at hatch
corners forward of
machinery room
Cross deck structure Hatch brackets
Connection of cross
deck beam to
longitudinal girder
Connection of cross
deck beam to upper
deck
Pillar
bulkhead
Bottom slamming
impact pressure
Transverse strength & fatigue
of longitudinal frame

One year survey after
construction
? Deck features and
integrity
? Overboard discharge
arrangement
? Vent piping
? Bilge level detection
(UMS)
? Anchoring / mooring
equipment
? Water-tight doors and
bulkhead penetrations
? Steering test
? Emergency escape
routes
? Bilge pumping system
? General conditions –
hull and machinery
? Satutory surveys
? Surveys of continuous
survey items

? Testing of tanks (FO,
LO, FW & DB tank)
- Pressure test
- Internal condition
- Stagger (tankers)
- Transverse webs
(cargo tank)
* Can be done in a float
condition
? Annual surveys
? Statutory surveys
? Continuous surveys
? Hull gauging –
where necessary
Ten years survey after
construction

Classification of ships enables insurers to assess risk and premiums, ship owners to find insurers and charterers, potential owners to assess quality, and flag authorities to register ships. Classification societies assign ship classes, conduct surveys to maintain classes, perform research, and provide other services like statutory surveys and profitability advice. Their responsibilities include ensuring ships comply with design, construction, and survey rules to prevent substandard conditions. Major classification societies around the world include Lloyd's Register, ABS, Bureau Veritas, DNV, RINA, NK, Germanischer Lloyd, RS, CCS, TL, IRS, PRS, KR, and HRS.

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This document discusses classification societies and their role in classifying ships. Classification societies set technical and safety standards for ships and ensure they are properly maintained through regular surveys. They assign ships a class rating which is valid for typically 5 years and indicates the risk level for insurers. Major classification societies around the world include Lloyd's Register, American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det Norske Veritas, and others.

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Classification of a ship enables owners and operators to meet regulatory requirements, qualify for lower insurance premiums, and assure proper maintenance and capital investment protection. Classification societies set and enforce construction and maintenance standards through surveys to classify ships and certify their quality and safety. The major classification societies worldwide include Lloyd's Register, American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det Norske Veritas, and others.

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Classification societies define technical and safety standards for ships and assign class notations to indicate a ship's risk for insurers. Classing a ship ensures it meets requirements, may lower insurance costs, shows due diligence in maintenance, and protects investments. Major classification societies include Lloyd's Register, American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det Norske Veritas, and others. They survey ships for compliance with design, construction, and maintenance rules and certify that vessels are in class and meet standards.

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Classification societies set technical and safety standards for ships and assign class ratings after conducting assessments. Ship classification is valid for approximately 5 years and involves periodic surveys to maintain the rating. It allows insurers to determine insurance premiums, owners to find charters, and authorities to register vessels while protecting capital investments and owner satisfaction. The major classification societies worldwide establish and survey ships to prevent substandard conditions.

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1. What is CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY ? A body that ensures that class of a ship, however, with increasing demands from all quarters of the industry and the continuous development of ship technology, the societies have changed in form as a consequences of accepting the additional responsibilities

2. Present Role of Classification Societies ? To assign a Class notation ? Maintenance of class ? Relevant research work ? Statutory surveys (marine administration) ? Charter surveys ? Profitability advice (to owner) ? Development of computer software ? Set up worldwide networks ? Carry out surveys ? Certification ? Emergency technical services

3. Classification Responsibilities ? To ensure that merchant ships and marine structure presented to it comply with rules that the society had established for design, construction and periodic survey ? Trough it classification survey procedure it is the intent of the society to prevent vessel from falling into a substandard condition.

4. Major Classification Societies in the world ? Lloyd's Register (LR) ? American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) ? Bureau Veritas (BV) ? Det Norske Veritas (DNV) ? Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) ? Class NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK) ? Germanischer Lloyd (GL) ? Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) ? China Classification Society (CCS) ? Türk Loydu Turkish Register of Shipping (TL) ? Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) ? Polski Rejestr Statków (PRS) ? Korean Register of Shipping (KR) ? Hellenic Register of Shipping (HRS)

5. Surveys Areas for Container Ships LWL Bow flare impact pressure High stress at hatch corners in forward hold Watertight bulkheads Large distortion of hatch opening for hatch cover design High stress at hatch corners forward of machinery room Cross deck structure Hatch brackets Connection of cross deck beam to longitudinal girder Connection of cross deck beam to upper deck Pillar bulkhead Bottom slamming impact pressure Transverse strength & fatigue of longitudinal frame

6. One year survey after construction ? Deck features and integrity ? Overboard discharge arrangement ? Vent piping ? Bilge level detection (UMS) ? Anchoring / mooring equipment ? Water-tight doors and bulkhead penetrations ? Steering test ? Emergency escape routes ? Bilge pumping system ? General conditions – hull and machinery ? Satutory surveys ? Surveys of continuous survey items

7. ? Testing of tanks (FO, LO, FW & DB tank) - Pressure test - Internal condition - Stagger (tankers) - Transverse webs (cargo tank) * Can be done in a float condition ? Annual surveys ? Statutory surveys ? Continuous surveys ? Hull gauging – where necessary Ten years survey after construction

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