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Акторы
Евгений Тюменцев
Немного истории: 1970-e
 Искусственный интеллект
 Будущее за многопроцессорными
системами
 Проект 5-е поколение
Что-то пошло не так …
Япония, 1982-1992 $500
млн
 Логическая обработка данных
 Сверхбольшие БД
 Многопроцессорные рабочие
Вычислимость
 Машина
Тьюринга
 Машина Поста
 Λ-исчисление
Черча
Дейкстра, 1976
с1 с2 с3 сn…
S0 S1 S2 S3
Sn-1 Sn
Вычислимость
с1 с2 с3 сn…
S0 S1 S2 S3
Sn-1 Sn
Требование глобального времени!
Синхронизация
Почему так получается у
программистов?
Закон Амдала
Ограниченный недетерминизм
Each computational step was from one global state of the
computation to the next global state. The global state
approach was continued in automata theory for finite state
machines and push down stack machines, including their
nondeterministic versions.
Such nondeterministic automata have the property of
bounded nondeterminism; that is, if a machine always halts
when started in its initial state, then there is a bound on the
number of states in which it halts.
(Gordon Plotkin, 1976)
Акторы
Carl Hewitt
Carl Hewitt,
Peter Bishop,
Richard Steiger
A Universal Modular
ACTOR
Formalism for
Artificial Intelligence
1973
Определение актора
Актор – вычислительная сущность
• Отправить конечное число сообщений
другим акторам
• Создать конечное число акторов
• Выбрать поведение для приема
следующего сообщения
Жизненный цикл актора
Литература
Actors: A Model of
Concurrent Computations
in Distributed Systems
PhD thesis, 1985
Gul A. Agha
Характеристики актора
1. Tag (уникальный идентификатор)
2. Target (mail address)
3. Communication (данные)
Абстракция актора
1.Mail address
2.Large mail queue
3.Behavior
1.Отправить сообщения
2.Создать новые
акторы
3.Изменить свое
поведение для
приема следующего
сообщения (become
method)
Неограниченный недетерминизм
Theorem. There are nondeterministic
computable functions on integers that
cannot be implemented by a nondeterministic
Turing machine
[Clinger, 1981]
В чем разница?
Синхронизация Акторы
Computational Representation
Theorem
Concurrent systems can be axiomatized using
mathematical logic but in general cannot be
implemented
[Clinger, 1981]
Вопросы?
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Стажировка 2016-07-07 02 Евгений Тюменцев. Акторная модель