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21st century skills can be categorized into four main groups: learning and innovation skills, digital literacy skills, career and life skills, and key subjects and themes. Learning and innovation skills include creativity, critical thinking, communication and collaboration. Digital literacy skills involve information literacy, media literacy, and ICT literacy. Career and life skills comprise flexibility, adaptability, self-direction, social skills, productivity, and accountability. Key subjects and themes refer to core academic content as well as interdisciplinary themes.