![??????? ?????? ??? ?? 55
???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???
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??£¬ ??? ¡°???? ??¡±? ??? Rauscher( 1993) ?? ????? ? ??? ???
?? ??£¬ ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????
¡°??? ??? D??¡±? ???. Rauscher ?? 10?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?
? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? Steele( 1999b)?
Rauscher ?? ¡±???? ??¡±? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????
? ???? Steele? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
?? ??? ?? 10?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????
???? ?? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ]ones(l999)?£¬ Rauscher ?1993)? ??
??? ????? ???? ??? 10? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?
????? ???? St¦Åel? 1999b)? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???£¬ ? ?
??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????£¬ ???? ?? ??? ??? ??
? ??????£¬ ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????1 ?
??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??.
Steele? ??? ???£¬ ¡°???? ??¡±? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????£¬ ??
? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
?£¬ ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??¡´????£¬
]ensen?£¬ 2000, 93). ??? ?? ????? ??? Dougl? ????? ???? ? ???
??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? 20 ? ?? ??? ????£¬Th¦Ábury£¬ Ointon, ?
?? Fair Avenue? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?
?? ????{]ensen£¬ 1998, 38-39)
?? Black( 1997)? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?
??£¬ ?? ???£¬ ????? ???? ???£¬ ???£¬ ???£¬ ???£¬ ?? ??? ??
???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????
????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??
Black? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????
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? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?
?? ??t? ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ??? ??t? ??DePorter£¬ & Hernacki, 1992, 256¡®
DePorter, Reardon, & Singer-Nourie, 1999, 75; Ostrander, Schr¡Þder£¬ & Ostrander, 1994, 80-81) ?
?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????£¬ ????? ???
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??£¬ ??? ????carrier)? ???? ?????? ?£¬ ]ensen ?£¬ 2000, 94; ]ensen,
1996, 221; Kline, 1988, 47). ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???
??. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ???
??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?J-??
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? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ???? ??? ?? ¡±??~trigger) ?? ??priming)"?? ??
??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? GABA? ?
? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???£¬ ??
? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? GABA? ????£¬ ???? ?? ??
?? ??£¬ ???? ????? ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???
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?? ??? ????? ?? ??
?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??
??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????£¬](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/95-140915112014-phpapp01/85/95-_-12-320.jpg)
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?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???£¬ ?????
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- 1. ???????? The Journal of Korea Open Associ?ion for E¦ÁIy Childh¡Þd Educafion 2000. 11. Vol 5. No. 2, pp. 45 - 70. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ? ?* ??? ?????|? ??? ?????I? ??? ????? ???| ??? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?O?}?£¬ ?? ???? ? ?????| ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?!????£¬ ??? ??? ???? ??01 ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?£¬ ?? ?QI? ¡®????.?l ?? ??? ??? ?? g?? ???1M? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?of????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ? ???¡® 0101 ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ? ? ????? ???? ? ??? ????? ????£¬ ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??1. ? ? ??g? ?????|? ???? ????£¬ ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?Of??ii1li??| ??{? ????? ?!Cf 1. ? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? * ????? ??
- 2. 46 ???????? (? 15? ? 12 ?) ??? ?????? ??? ????£¬ ??£¬ ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??{F1ohr £¬ 1996; Frost, 1998; H?den£¬ 1997; Jensen, 1996; Jones, 1999; Jones, & Field, 1999; ¦Ìng£¬ 1999; Rauscher, et ?£¬ 1993; sc?aug£¬ 1995; Wilcox, 2000). ??? ? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??. ??? ? ?? ?????? ?????£¬ ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ? ?£¬ ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? (Weinberger, 1998a, 1998b) ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? (processing)? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ? ? ??. ?? ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????£¬ ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??. ??£¬ ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ???¡µ ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ?????? ?? ?? ¡¤ ?? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ??? ?? ????£¬ ??? ? ???? ?? ¡¤ ??? ?? ?? ??£¬ ??? ?? ??? ???£¬ ? ????? ?? ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???£¬ ????? ? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ??{Sergem£¬ 1992; Weinberger, 1998a, 1998b, Zatorre, 1992) ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ???£¬ ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ?? ??? ??? ????? ???£¬ ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??????? Sergem( 1992)? ??? ???? ???? ??- ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????£¬ ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????£¬ ??£¬ ?
- 3. ??????? ???¼º)?? ??? ?? 47 ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??. ??? ????? ?? ????£¬ ?? ???£¬ ????£¬ ?? ? ? ??? ??? ???? ???£¬ ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ? ??{Weinberger£¬ 1998b) ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???£¬ ????? ??£¬ ?? ? ?? ???? ??£¬ ??£¬ ? ?£¬ ??? ?? ???? ??? ????£¬ ? ?? ????£¬ ????£¬ ????£¬ ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????£¬ ?? ¡¤ ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ????????suggestopedia)? ???? ??{Bancroft£¬ 1999; DePorrer, & Hernacki, 1992; DePorrer, Reardon, & Singer-Nourie, 1999; 1¦Ñzanov£¬ 1978, 1979; Reimer, 1999; S?ffier£¬ 1992) ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???9 ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????¡® ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ?????£¬ ???? ??? ????£¬ ??£¬ ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ? ?? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ¡¤ ???? ???£¬ ??? ¡®????¡¯? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??{???£¬ 1998, 4-7, 21, 1999, 41-45, 86; ??????£¬ 2000, 31) ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???£¬ ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ? ???reinberger£¬ 1998a) ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????£¬ ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??£¬ ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??? ???? ????£¬ ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??
- 4. 48 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) II. ???????| ??? ?? 1. ?m???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???£¬ ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???£¬ ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???¡´???£¬ 1996) ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???£¬ ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ??£¬ ??? ??? ????£¬ ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??{???£¬ 1997). ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?£¬ ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? Gardner( 1983, 33)? ?? ? ? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?£¬ ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??£¬ ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????£¬ ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ???£¬ ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ?. Vold(1986)? ????? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?
- 5. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 49 ????????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????£¬ ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ¡¤ ???? ???? ??£¬ ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? 2. ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??{??? ?£¬ 1996, 11). ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??£¬ ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ? ?. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ??£¬ ???? ??? ???£¬ ??£¬ ???? ? ?? ?? ? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ?{???£¬ 1996). ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???£¬ ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????£¬ ???????? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ¡¤ ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ¡¤ ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ¡¤ ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ¡¤ ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??. ¡¤ ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
- 6. 50 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) ¡¤ ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ¡¤ ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ? ?£¬ ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???£¬ ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??¡´??? ¡¤ ??? ¡¤ ???£¬ 2000, 87) ¡¤ ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????. ¡¤ ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????. ¡¤ ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??. ¡¤ ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??. ¡¤ ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ? 6? ??? ???? ????? ¡®????¡¯ ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??£¬ ????£¬ ??? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???£¬ ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???£¬ ????£¬ ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???£¬ ????? ?? ¡¤ ?? ????? ????£¬ ????£¬ ????£¬ ????£¬ ????? ? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??{???£¬ 1998, 4-7, 21, 1999, 41-45, 86; ??????£¬ 2000, 31)
- 7. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 51 III. ?????l ???2.1?? ?? ? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ? ???? ????£¬ ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??£¬ ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????£¬ ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??. 1. ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? PET??? ??? ? ? ??? Phelps(Davis, 1997, 102)? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?? PET ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??{later?ization)? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?£¬ ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?£¬ Jensen ?£¬ 2000; Jensen, 1996). Sergent(1992)? 15 ? ?? ???? ? 10?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? PET? MRI? ?????. ? ???? Sergent ?? ?????? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????. Sergent ?? ??? ? ?? PET ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????£¬ ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??????£¬ ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? Sergent ?? ? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ? ??? ?? l ?? PET ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? 1 ?? PET ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?(³ý)?? ?? ???? ????£¬ ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? Sergem ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? MRI ??? PET ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? Sergent ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? 4? ?£¬ ???£¬ ???£¬ ???£¬ ???? ?? ?????£¬ ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ¡°?? ????¡±? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???£¬ ? ? ??? ????? ??? Sergem ?? ? ???? ????
- 8. 52 ???????? (? 5? ? 12 ?) ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? MRl? PET ??? ?? ??????£¬ ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ? ?? ??? Sergent? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????£¬ ¡°? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???¡±? ???? ?? ??£¬ ??? ??? ???? ??? ? Schlaug(Davis, 1997, 105-106)? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????.Sc?aug? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? 54?? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??????£¬ ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? MRl? ???.Sc?aug? ? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????(planum tempor?e)?? ? ?? ?????? ?????£¬ ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ??£¬ ?????? ?? ????? ? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? (forebrain) ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? (corpus callosum)?? ??????£¬ ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????£¬ ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? 10-15%? ? ????. sc?aug? ?? MRl ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????{Lang£¬ 1999) ?? sc?aug( 1995)? ?? ?? ???{sound-signal processor) ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? MRl? ?????. MRl ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ???. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???. ??? Schlaug? ???? ????£¬ ??? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ? ? ???? ? ? ?? Zarorr? 1992)? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??
- 9. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 53 ???. ?? Zarorre? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? Zarorre? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? Zarorre? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??t? ?? ???? ?? ???£¬ ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? Zatorre? ??? ????? Sc?aug? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?£¬ ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ????. Galabur?Davis£¬ 1997, 107)? ??? ????? ?? ? ¡¤ ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???. ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? Wernicke? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? Shlaug? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????£¬ ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? 2. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????¡¸ ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???£¬ ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ??? ???? ??~Begley£¬ 1996; Black, 1997; Bower, 1994; Frost, 1998; Green, 1999; Holden, 1998; Jones, & Field, 1999; Lang, 1999; MahIer, 1978; OIhaver, 1998; Reimer, 1999; Wilcox, 2000). OIhaver( 1998)? ??? ????? ??£¬ ??? ¡¤ ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? (state)? ??? ??£¬ ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??£¬ ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? Lang(l 999)? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? 3???? ??? ?? ?£¬ ? ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????£¬ ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? Lang? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ?£¬ ??£¬ ??????£¬ ????£¬ ??£¬ ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? Hanshumacher(??? ?£¬ Je?en ?£¬ 2000, 95)? ????? ??? 36?? ?? ? ??? ??£¬ ????? ????£¬ ???£¬ ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??£¬ ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????£¬
- 10. 54 ???????? (? 5? ? 12 ?) ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????£¬ Weinberger( 1998b)? ????? ???? l ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? 7?? ?? ?? 40?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???£¬ ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???. ???? ?? ??£¬ ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? Wilco? 2000)? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ?????£¬ ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??£¬ ???£¬ ??£¬ ????£¬ ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??£¬ ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? EEG?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Flohr( 1996)? ???? EEG? ??? ???? ?? EEG?? ??? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???£¬ ????? 4??? 6? ??? ?? 22?? ???? 7? ?? 25?? ??? ? ? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???. ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??£¬ ????? ????£¬ Wechsler ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ?????£¬ ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? EEG? ????£¬ ?? ?????? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??????£¬ ????? ? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ?????? ????? Flohr? Mille¦Ê1995)? ??? ? EEG? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? EEG?? ??? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???£¬ ?? 5.2?? 9?? ???? ????£¬ ?? ? ? 2?? ??? ?? ??£¬ ????? ??? l ?? ??? ??£¬ ???? ????? ??? l ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? EEG? ?????? ??? ????£¬ ?? ? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?l ??? ???? ??????£¬ ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? (te?por? lobe) ???? ?? ???? (anterior tempor?)? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????£¬ Flohr? Miller? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??
- 11. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 55 ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??£¬ ??? ¡°???? ??¡±? ??? Rauscher( 1993) ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ??£¬ ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ¡°??? ??? D??¡±? ???. Rauscher ?? 10?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? Steele( 1999b)? Rauscher ?? ¡±???? ??¡±? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???? Steele? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? 10?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ]ones(l999)?£¬ Rauscher ?1993)? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? 10? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? St¦Åel? 1999b)? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???£¬ ? ? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????£¬ ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??????£¬ ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????1 ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??. Steele? ??? ???£¬ ¡°???? ??¡±? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????£¬ ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?£¬ ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??¡´????£¬ ]ensen?£¬ 2000, 93). ??? ?? ????? ??? Dougl? ????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? 20 ? ?? ??? ????£¬Th¦Ábury£¬ Ointon, ? ?? Fair Avenue? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????{]ensen£¬ 1998, 38-39) ?? Black( 1997)? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ? ??£¬ ?? ???£¬ ????? ???? ???£¬ ???£¬ ???£¬ ???£¬ ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? Black? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????9 ??? ??? ? ??£¬ ??? ????£¬ ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??£¬ ?? (arous?)? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????
- 12. 56 ???????? (? 15? ? 12 ?) ?? ?????. ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????£¬ ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??t? ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ??? ??t? ??DePorter£¬ & Hernacki, 1992, 256¡® DePorter, Reardon, & Singer-Nourie, 1999, 75; Ostrander, Schr¡Þder£¬ & Ostrander, 1994, 80-81) ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????£¬ ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???£¬ ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ??. ??£¬ ??? ????carrier)? ???? ?????? ?£¬ ]ensen ?£¬ 2000, 94; ]ensen, 1996, 221; Kline, 1988, 47). ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?J-?? ?£¬ ??? ?? ? ? ??. ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ¡°??? ?? ?¡±??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ¡°??? ?? 100?? ???¡±??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??. ??£¬ ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ? ? ??? ???? ?????£¬ ¡°?? ??¡±? ??? ??? ??? ??1 ?? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ???? ??? ?? ¡±??~trigger) ?? ??priming)"?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? GABA? ? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???£¬ ?? ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? GABA? ????£¬ ???? ?? ?? ?? ??£¬ ???? ????? ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????{???£¬ 1998, 181). ??? ??? ????? ?????£¬ ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????£¬
- 13. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 57 ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????£¬ ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?+???. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???£¬ ?? ?? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ? ???£¬ ????£¬ ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ???-(Begley£¬ 1996; Black, 1997; Frost, 1998; Lang, 1999; Olhaver, 1998; R¦Î1m¦År£¬ 1999; W¨¬lcox, 2000) 3. ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ? ????????{suggestof??? ? ? ??. ????????? ????? ??? I¦Ñ£¬zanov? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ??£¬ ????£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ????¨¹ugg?tology)? ??? ??£¬ ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????Lozanov£¬ 1979). ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??-(Sc¦Øffier£¬ 1992, 17-18). ??£¬ ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?£¬ ??£¬ ????£¬ ??¡¸ ???£¬ ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ??£¬ ??? ¡¤ ???? ????£¬ ?? ¡¤ ?? ??? ??£¬ ??? ¡¤ ??? ?? ? ?? ¡¤ ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??£¬ ????(lear? ng barrier) ? ?? ??? (desuggestion)? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? I¦Ñ£¬zanov? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????£¬ ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ¡¤ ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????£¬ ???? ? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??. ??£¬ ?????? ??? ??? ????? I¦Ñzano? 1978)? ???£¬ ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? Lozanov( 1978, 239)? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???
- 14. 58 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????£¬ ??? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ???. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??£¬ Schusrer? Marrin (980)? 48?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 16?? ? ???? ?? ??£¬ ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? 25?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ???£¬ ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??£¬ ????£¬ ?? ?? ?? ???????£¬ ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? Lozanov? ? ?? ????? Kr?hen(Sc¡°ffier£¬ 1992, 26)? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??£¬ ???£¬ ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ? ????. ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ???? ??iJensen£¬ 1996, 1998a, 1998b). ??¡¯ ?? ???? ???????¡¯ Sch?tl ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????Schusrer£¬ & Mouzon, 1982). Studdert-Kennedy (Schiffier, 1992, 23)? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???. ?? ???? I¦Ñzanov? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ¡¤ ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?£¬ ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ?£¬ Russell ?£¬ 1996; Confer-Owens, 1992; Jensen, 1998a, 1998b; Klin¦Å£¬ 1988; Richards, 1993; Yellin, 1982). ??? I¦Ñzanov? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??£¬ ???? ??? ???? I¦Ñzanov? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??£¬ ???£¬ ??? ??? ?? ? ??£¬ ??? ?? ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ?? ?? ????? ??{Bancr?i:£¬ 1999; Caskey, & F1ake, 1976; G¨¹ld, 1985; Racle, 1977) ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ????£¬ ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
- 15. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 59 ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??£¬Rosemh?£¬ & Jacobson, 1968) ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??£¬ ?? ???? ??£¬ ???£¬ ??? ?? ???£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ?????? ????{Ban¦Áoft£¬ 1999; Schiffier, 1992). ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???(??? ?£¬ Russell ?£¬ 1996), ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ? ???. ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????£¬ ??? 1972?-1973? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????¦Ò¦Ñ£¬zanov£¬ 1978) ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ? ??£¬ 1¦Ñzanov? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ???£¬ ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? 1976? ???? ??????? SALT(Society for Suggestive- A¦Á£¬ elerative Learning and Te?ng)? ?????£¬ ????????? ?? ??? ????? SALT??? ?? ¡¤ ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ???? ?? I¦Ñzanov? ?????? ??(suggestopedia)? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ??????(SAL T: Suggestive?Accelerative Learning and Teaching)? ?? ?? ???? ?????£¬ ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??£¬ ????£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ????£¬ ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? (Bancr?t £¬ 1999). ???? ????????? ??? ?????¡® ?? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ??????£¬ ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????{Caux£¬ 1993; Racle, 1975; Ramirez, 1986). Racl? 1975) ? ¦Ì£¬zanov? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??£¬ ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? 1 ? ???? 12?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ??£¬ ???? ?? ? ????¡® ??? 2?????? ????? ??? 172?? ????? ??? 26?? ???? ??? ??£¬ ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? Ramir ?? ???? ?? ??? ??£¬ ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? l ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ? ca?(1 993)? ????? ?? 1-2??
- 16. 60 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) ??? ???? ?????? 17?? ???? ?????? 16?? ???? 33?? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?£¬ ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???£¬ ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????£¬ ??? ??????? ???? ? ? ??? ?????¦Ánfer-Owens£¬ 1992; H?£¬ 1983; Ilpola-Ha?£¬ 1995; Lee, 1981; Scha?at£¬ 1997). Shrum(l 985)? ??? ??? 24?? ????? ????? ?? 12?? ???? ? ??? 6? ?? 3?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??£¬ ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ¦Ánfer-Owe?(1992)? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ????£¬ ????????? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? Scha?at(l 997)? 6?? ?? ? 10?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??£¬ ? ?£¬ ????? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ??£¬ Ilpola-Hani(l 995)? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ??£¬ ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???{Dipamo£¬ & Job, 1991; M¡Þn£¬ 1986; Schiffier, 1992). Dipamo? Job( 1991)? ????£¬ ??? ??£¬ ???? ? ? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ???£¬ ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??£¬ M£¬¡Þn(1986)? ????????? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? 40?? ??? ???? ????? ??£¬ 14?? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ???£¬ ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ??? ??£¬ ? ???? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?????£¬ ??£¬ ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????£¬ ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??? 90%? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??£¬ ???? ????????? ???
- 17. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 61 ?????? ??????£¬ ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???£¬ ???? ?? ?????. ??£¬ ????????? ???? ? ¡¤ ? ¡¤ ? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???£¬ ?? ??£¬ ???£¬ ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ??£¬ ??? ??? ??? ????? I¦Ñzanov? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? Lozanov? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????£¬ ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????£¬ ??£¬ ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ¡¤ ?????? ??? ? ??{Diparno & Job, 1991; sc?ffier£¬ 1992). ??? ????? I¦Ñzanov? ??? ???? Gardner? ??????? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ???? ? ????(acc¦Ålerative learning) ? ?£¬ ??? ? ?? ???? I¦Ñzanov?? ?? ????? ????? ? ? ??? ???? ???(superl?ning)?? ???? ?? (Bancroft, 1999; Cassone, 1996; Ostrander, Schroeder, & Osrrander, 1994; Schiffier, 1992). N. ?????? )./?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??£¬ ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???£¬ ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??£¬ 1. ??? ??g? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?£¬ ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ? ?????£¬ ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??
- 18. 62 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) ????£¬ ????£¬ ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ??£¬ ? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????£¬ ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??£¬ ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ? ? ??. ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ¡¤ ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??£¬ ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? (rap)? 7?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??. ??£¬ ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??£¬ ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ???. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??£¬ ? ??£¬ ? ??£¬ ? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??£¬ ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ¡°????¡±??? ??? ?? ¡°??¡±? ? ??? ? ??? ????£¬ ??? ??? ??(cortex)£¬ ???(limbic sysrem), ??(b?n srem), ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ¡°??¡±? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???£¬ ??? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??. ??? ? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??t? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ? ?£¬ ??? ??? ??? ?
- 19. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 63 ?? ??? ? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ? ?? 2. ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ??{I¦Ñzanov£¬ 1978) ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ?? ????? ???? ??£¬ ? ??? ????£¬ ????1 ?? ?? 3??? ?? ?????{Bancroft £¬ 1999; Kline, 1988; Sc?ff1er£¬ 1992) ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????£¬ ??? ????? ????? ?? ? 3? ?? ???? ??????{Kline£¬ 1988) ??£¬ ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???£¬ ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? Lozanov? ??? ??? ???? ????. ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ??£¬ ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????£¬ ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. I¦Ñzanov? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
- 20. 64 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ??. ??? ??? ????????? ? ??? ???? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???£¬ ?? ¡¤ ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??. ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????£¬ ??£¬ ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ¡¤ ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?. ??£¬ ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ???. ??£¬ ??? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ??? ???? ??? ????. ??£¬ ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???£¬ ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ???£¬ ??£¬ ??£¬ ???£¬ ?? ?? ??? ? ???£¬ ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??(Ïàò_?? ?? ? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????£¬ ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? V. ? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??£¬ ????? ????? ???? ???? ??. ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???£¬ ??? ????? ????? ? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ? ? ¡¤ ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ¡¤ ?? ??£¬ ????£¬ ??
- 21. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 65 ??£¬ ??? ???£¬ ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?? ? ? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??????£¬ ??? ???? ? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????£¬ ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??£¬ ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??. ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????£¬ ?? ???? ?????£¬ ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??£¬ ???£¬ ?? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??? ??? ¡¤ ????? ????? ? ???? ?????£¬ ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? Prichard? TayI¡£? 980)? ????? 9? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ? ??£¬ ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??£¬ ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ? ? ? ??? ??? ?????{Reimer£¬ 1999). ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???£¬ ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??£¬ ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??£¬ ??£¬ ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ? ??? ????£¬ ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????£¬ ????? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???. ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?£¬ ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????£¬ ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ¡°?! ??? ?? ?? ? ??¡±?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???£¬ ????? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???. ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???
- 22. 66 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???£¬ ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????£¬ ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ¡¶????} ???-(1998) ??? ???? ??? ?? ? 1998-10? ??? 1999). ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ¡¤ ??? ¡¤ ??? (2000) ?????? ??: ???? ??? ?£¬ Russell, P.(996) ??? ?? ?? ?????¡® ??? (998)¡® ???? ?? ?? ?? ????£¬ ??? ?£¬ Eric Jensen ? (2000) ?????? ??¡¤ ???? ???????? (2¦ÁJO)¡® ????? ??? ???? ?? ¡¤ ?? ?? ??? ? 3 ?(1 996) ?????? ?? ??? ???(1 996) ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????£¬ 5, 143-160. ???(1 997) ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????"£¬ 6, 150-167. Bancroft, W. ].(1999). Suggestopedia and Language a??sition. N.Y.: Gordon & Breach Publishers Begley, S.(1996). Your child's brain. E] 519 032. Black, S.(1997) ?le musical mind. E] 537 554 Bower, B.(1994). Brain images reveal cerebral side of music. S¦Á£¬ en?£¬ 145, 260. Caskey, 0. W., & Flake, M. H.(1976). Essentials of suggestopedia: A primer for practitioners. ED 119 063 Cassone, L.(996). Accelerared learning. hrrp://www.contexr.orgIIOlBIIC27/Labiosa.htm Confer-Owens, V. A.(1992). Effectiveness of suggestive-accelerative learning tech?ques in teaching underprepared college freshmen. ED 355 236 Caux, P. Y. M.(1993). Accelerated 1?rning in a beginning college-Ievel French course. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Houston: University of Houston Davis, ].(1997). Mapping the mind. N.].: A Birch Lane Press B¡Þk DePorter, B., & Hernacki, M.(1992). Quantum learning. New York: A Dell Trade Paperba¦Ék. DePorter, B., Reardon, M., & Singer-Nourie, S.(999). Quantum teaching. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Dipamo, B., & ]ob, R F. S.(199 1). A methodological review of srudies of salt techniques. Ausrralian
- 23. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 67 Jo.¦É¦Ç¦Ì" 0./ ¦Å¨ªu¦É'atio.na! T.¦Êb¦Ço.!o.gy£¬ 7, 127-143 Flohr, W. ].(1996). ¦Álildren's elearophysiological responses to music. ED 410 017. Flohr, ]. W., & Miller, D. C( 1995). Developmental quantitative EEG di?rences during psychomoror response to music. ED4lO 016. Frost, ]. L.( 1998). Neuroscience, play, and child development. ED 427 845. Gardner, H. (983). Frames of nlind. New York: Basic B¡£?c5 Gold, L.(1985). Suggesto?dia: Activating the srudent¡¯5 reserve capacities. ED 328 057. Green, F. R (l999). Brain and learning research: Implications for meeting the needs of divers¦Å l¦Åarners ¦Åiumtlon£¬ 119, 682-687 Hales, V. E( 1983). Suggestop¦Ådia: lts effecrs on word identif¨¬cation skills of nlildly and moderately retarded children. Unpublish¦Åd Doctoral Dissertation. Texas Tech University Hold¦Ån£¬ C(1998). Music ? f¦Áx:! for the brain. Scie¦Ç?. 282. 1409. Ilpola-H?£¬ P.(l997). Suggestopedic language tea¦Éhing and its eValuation: The pupils' point of view http://wwwlib.urni.com/dissertations/fullcit ' 1348865 ]ensen, E.(l996). Brain-based learning. CA: Turning Point Publishing. ]ensen, E.(l998a). Introduaion to brain-compatible learning. CA ¡® The Brain Store, Inc. ]ensen, E.(1998b). Teaching with the brain in nlind. Virginia¡® Association for Supervision ?d Curriculwn Development ]ones, R(999). Mozart's nice but doesn't increase IQs. http://cnn.com/l-?ALTH/ 9908/25/mozart.iq jindex.html ]ones, N. A., & Field, T.(999). Massage and music therapies attenuate frontal EEG asymmetry in depressed adolescents. A¦É'o!es?¦Ç'ce£¬ 34, 529-534 Kline, P.(1988) ?le ¦Åvery day genius. Virginia: Great Ocean Publishers. Lang, S. S.(1999). Music-good for not only the soul, but the brain. Hwnan Ecology Forrnn, 27, 24-25 Lee, I. ].(981). Lstening comprehension: A combined strategy for accelerated learning. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Saint 1¦Ñuis University. I¦Ñzanov£¬ G.(1978). Suggestology and out!ines of suggesro?dy. N.Y.: Gordon & Breach. I¦Ñzanov£¬ G.( 1979). Accelerated learning and individual potenti?. E] 218 588. Mahler, D( 1978). Music for learning. ED 158 543 M¡Þn £¬ C E.(1986). A meta analysis of suggesropedia, suggestology, suggestive- accelerative learning and teaching, ?per-learning. ED 271 503
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- 25. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 69 Vold, ]. N.(l986). A study of musical problem solving behavior in children and a comparison with other aspects of creative behavior. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Alabarna Universiry Weinberger, N. M.(1998a). Brain, behavior, biology, and music: Some research findings and their implications for educational policy. Arts ¦Åiucatio¦Ç Po/iry Re¦Áew£¬ 99, 28-36 Weinberger, N. M.(1998b) ¦Ðle music in our rninds. Educational Leadership, 56, 36-40 Wilcox, E.(2000, 2). Music, brain research, and better behavior. The ¦Å@¦É1f1O¦Ç Digl'.Jt, 65, 10-15. Yellin, D.(1982). Left brain, right brain, su?r brain: 1be holistic model. ED 218 586 Zatorre, R ].(1992). Lateralization of Phonetic ?d Pit¦Æh Discrirnination in Speech Processing. S¦Á£¬ 'ence. £¬ 256, 846-849.
- 26. 70 ???????? (? 5? ? 2 ?) Abstract Brain-physiological basis of early childhood music education and its implication Kim. You-Me 1bis study purporrs to investigate the brain-physiological basis of early childh¦Á? music education and its implicarion. For this purpose of the study, firs t!y, the significance and object of music education are presented, secondly, brain-physiological basis of music education is closely described, thirdly, its implication on early childhood education is discussed, finally, the conclusion ?d suggesrion of music education are derived. There¡¯s a great deal of excitement over music research rhese days. The Journals or pop?ar press often report on new findings, such as rhe effects of listening to or playing music on child development, intelligence, cognirive abiliries, and brain function. Learning and perforrning music actually exercise rhe brain not only by developing s?cific musical skills, but also by strengthening the synapses between brain cells. By making music, the sensory-perceptual sysrems, rhe cognitive systems, planning movement, feedback and evaluation of actions, the motivational systems, and memory are engaged. What is important is not how well a student plays but rather the simulraneous engagement of senses, muscIes, and intellea. In short, m?? ng music actively engages the brain synapses, and there is g¡Þd reason to believe rhat it increase rhe brain¡¯s capacity by increasing rhe srrengths of connections among neurons. ¦Ðus study zeroes in on rhe importance of music in cognition, and suggests applicarion methods of music as arousal, carrier, primer, and, in addition, an essential factor of suggestop¦Ådia in early childh¡Þd education. 1bis study recommends insuring substantialiry of music activity in expression domain, aaively integraring music 3!¦Áiviry into orher acrivities in e}¦Õression domain and acriviries 10 other domains, and applying suggesropedia ro preschool settings