Acids and bases
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Acids are sour substances that turn litmus paper red, while bases are bitter substances that turn litmus paper blue. Examples of common acids include citric acid found in citrus fruits and hydrochloric acid, while bases include sodium hydroxide in soap and calcium hydroxide in limewater. Indicators like litmus paper, china rose, and turmeric are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic by changing color in their presence. A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and base combine, producing a salt and water along with the release of heat. Neutralization can be used to treat insect stings, indigestion, soil acidity, and neutralize acidic factory waste.
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Here's a description of Acids, Bases, and Salts for 7th class:
Acids, Bases, and Salts
Acids:
- Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
- Turn blue litmus red
- Have a sour taste
- Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Citric acid
Bases:
- Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution
- Turn red litmus blue
- Have a bitter taste
- Examples: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Soap
Salts:
- Compounds formed by the reaction between acids and bases
- Neutral in nature (neither acidic nor basic)
- Examples: Sodium chloride (NaCl), Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Types of Acids:
1. Strong acids (e.g., HCl, H2SO4)
2. Weak acids (e.g., citric acid, acetic acid)
3. Organic acids (e.g., amino acids)
4. Inorganic acids (e.g., HCl, H2SO4)
Types of Bases:
1. Strong bases (e.g., NaOH, Ca(OH)2)
2. Weak bases (e.g., ammonia, baking soda)
3. Organic bases (e.g., amines)
4. Inorganic bases (e.g., NaOH, Ca(OH)2)
Importance of Acids, Bases, and Salts:
1. Industrial applications (e.g., manufacturing, textiles)
2. Biological processes (e.g., digestion, respiration)
3. Environmental significance (e.g., soil pH, water quality)
4. Medicinal uses (e.g., antacids, acid reflux treatment)
Key Terms:
1. pH scale
2. Neutralization
3. Chemical reaction
4. Ion exchange
Experiments:
1. Testing acidity/basicity using litmus paper
2. Preparing salts through acid-base reactions
3. Observing the effects of pH on plants
Key Questions:
1. What are acids and bases?
2. How are salts formed?
3. What are the properties of acids, bases, and salts?
4. What are the uses and importance of acids, bases, and salts?
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ACIDS
EXAMPLES OF ACIDS
ACIDS - FOUND IN
BASE (ALKALINE)
EXAMPLES OF BASE
BASE - FOUND IN
NEUTRAL SUBSTANCE
INDICATORS
EXAMPLES OF INDICATOR
NATURAL INDICATOR (LITMUS)
TURMERIC (NATURAL INDICATOR)
CHINA ROSE
PHENOLPHTHALEIN INDICATOR油
NEUTRALISATION
NEUTRALIZATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
INDIGESTION
ANT BITE
SOIL TREATMENT
FACTORY WASTES
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Acids are found in fruit juices, vinegar, fizzy drinks, and citrus fruits. They taste sour and can cause acid rain. Alkalis are found in soap, toothpaste, washing powder, and drain cleaner. They have a soapy texture. Indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can test for acids and alkalis, with litmus turning red in acids and blue in alkalis. Acids react with carbonates and metals, while neutralization occurs when an acid and alkali are combined, forming a salt and water. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity, with acids being below 7 and alkalis above 7 on the scale.Acid and alkali
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Acids have sour tastes and are corrosive. Common acids include citric acid in lemon juice and ethanoic acid in vinegar. Strong acids like hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids are dangerous because they can absorb water and cause burns or react violently with skin. Alkalis are also corrosive and slippery. When acids and alkalis neutralize each other in a chemical reaction, they form salts and water. Indicators change color in acids and alkalis and are used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic. Litmus turns red in acids and blue in bases. Universal indicator shows the strength of acidity or alkalinity through different colors.
Power point presentation
Power point presentationlijimol
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This document discusses acids and alkalis, including their properties and reactions. Acids react with metals and carbonates, producing salts and hydrogen or water and carbon dioxide. Common acids include citric acid in lemons and ethanoic acid in vinegar. Alkalis are found in cleaning products and react with grease. Indicators change color in acids and alkalis, helping identify them. Litmus is red in acids and blue in alkalis. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity from 1-14, with 7 being neutral. Neutralization can relieve indigestion by countering excess stomach acid with baking soda.Acid Base and Salts 
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This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It defines acids as sour substances and bases as bitter substances. It explains that litmus paper and other natural indicators like turmeric can be used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic by changing color in acid or base. Neutralization occurs when an acid and base are mixed, forming a salt and neutral solution. Examples of neutralization in everyday life include treating indigestion with antacids, reducing bee stings with baking soda, adjusting soil pH, and treating factory waste before disposal.Acid bases and salts 17 jul 13
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This presentation discusses acids, bases and salts. It defines acids as sour substances that turn litmus red, and lists common examples like citric acid. Bases are defined as bitter substances that turn litmus blue, with examples like sodium hydroxide. Common acids found in foods like vinegar, citrus fruits, and curd are identified. Indicators are substances that change color in acids and bases, and examples like litmus paper and turmeric are described. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are covered, noting they produce heat and a salt. An activity is presented testing different solutions with indicators like litmus and china rose to identify them as acidic or basic.
ACIDS BASES AND SALTS
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(d) Change of colour in an acid and a base depends on the type of the indicator.Acids, Bases & Indicators
Acids, Bases & IndicatorsSandhya .
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This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common acids like vinegar and sulfuric acid, and bases like sodium hydroxide and baking soda. Indicators are substances that are used to test whether something is acidic or basic. Natural indicators mentioned include litmus, red cabbage juice, and turmeric paper. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base. The document also discusses olfactory indicators that change smell in acids and bases, with vanilla given as an example. Finally, it mentions synthetic indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange that change color between acid and base.
Acids and alkalis
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This document discusses acids and alkalis. It defines acids as substances that form sour solutions when dissolved in water, such as lemon juice and vinegar. Alkalis form soapy solutions when dissolved in water and are present in many cleaning products. The document explains that acids and alkalis react through a neutralization reaction, forming a salt and water. It describes using indicators like litmus paper to test whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. Applications of neutralization mentioned include treating bee stings, indigestion, factory waste, and acidic soil.Class 7th Chapter 5 ACIDS BASES AND SALTS.pptx
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This document provides an introduction to acids, bases and indicators for a 7th grade class. It defines acids and bases, explains how indicators like litmus paper and china rose petals can show if a substance is acidic or basic, and demonstrates the neutralization reaction between an acid and base to form salt and water. Examples of neutralization in everyday life include using antacids for indigestion and baking soda for ant bites.Class 7th Chapter 5 ACIDS BASES AND SALTS.pptx
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This document provides an introduction to acids, bases and indicators for a 7th grade class. It defines acids and bases, explains how indicators like litmus paper and china rose petals can show if a substance is acidic or basic, and demonstrates the neutralization reaction between an acid and base to form salt and water. Examples of neutralization in everyday life include using antacids for indigestion and baking soda for ant bites.Acids,bases and salts
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Acids and bases are classified based on their taste and reaction with indicators. Acids are sour, turn litmus red, and have a pH below 7. Bases are bitter, soapy to touch, turn litmus blue, and have a pH above 7. When an acid and base are mixed, a salt and water are produced through a neutralization reaction where the acid and base cancel out each other's effects. Litmus paper is a common natural indicator that is used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic based on the color it turns - red for acidic and blue for basic.Recently uploaded (20)
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Acids and bases
- 2. ACIDS Acids are those substances which are sour in taste, produce burning sensation on touching and which turn blue litmus to red. Examples Citric acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid. Curd, lemon juice, orange juice and vinegar taste sour. These substances taste sour because they contain acids. The chemical nature of such substances is a acidic. The word acid comes from the Latin word acere which means sour.
- 3. ACIDS
- 4. NAME OF ACID FOUND IN Acetic Acid Vinegar Formic acid Ants sting Citric Acid Citrus foods such as oranges, lemons etc Lactic Acid Curd Oxalic Acid Spinach Ascorbic Acid (Vit C) Amla, citrus fuits Tartaric Acid Tamarid, grapes, unripe mango etc
- 5. Bases are those substances which are bitter in taste, are soapy to touch and which turn red litmus to blue. Example Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide etc. The nature of such substances is said to be basic. 5
- 6. NAME OF BASES FOUND IN Calcium Hydroxide Lime Water Ammonium Hydroxide Window Cleaner Sodium Hydroxide/Potassium Hydroxide Soap Magnesium Hydroxide Milk of Magnesia
- 7. The special substances which are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic are known as indicators The indicators change color when added to a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance. Some of the naturally occurring indicators are turmeric, litmus, china rose petals etc. 7
- 9. Acids turns blue litmus red taste sour Acids corrode metals Bases turns red litmus blue taste bitter Feel Slipper Most hand soaps and drain cleaners are bases
- 10. TEST SOLUTION CHINA ROSE INDICATOR TURMERIC INDICATOR LITMUS SOLUTION BLUE/RED HCL (Hydrochloric Acid) Red No change Blue to Red NAoH Sodium Hydroxide Green Red Red to Blue Soap solution Green Red Red to Blue Baking Powder Green Red Red to Blue Lemon Juice/ Tomato Juice Red No Change Blue to Red Vinegar Red No Change Blue to Red Sugar No Change No Change No Change
- 11. The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralization. Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat. In neutralization reaction heat is always produced or evolved. In neutralization reaction a new substance is formed. This is called salt. Salt may be acidic, basic or neutral in nature.
- 12. Insect Stings Bee stings are acidic and can be neutralized with baking soda. Wasp Stings are alkaline and can be neutralized with Vinegar. Indigestion Our Stomach carriers around hydrochloric acid. Too much of this leads to indigestion. To cure indigestion, you can neutralize the excess acid with Milk of Magnesia or take antacid
- 13. Soil Treatment When soils are too acidic they can be treated with slaked lime, chalk or quicklime, all alkalis. Plants and Crops grow best in neutral soils. Factory waste Liquid waste from factories is often acidic. If it reaches a river it will destroy and kill sea life of many forms. Neutralizing the waste slaked lime can prevent this.