The document defines an adjectival phrase as a phrase that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun, usually consisting of an adjective and a prepositional phrase. It provides examples of adjectival phrases such as "free from bias" or "pertinent to our discussion." The document then explains the proper uses of various quantifiers like "many," "much," "a lot of," "a little," "a few," "any," and "some" with things that can and cannot be counted. It also covers the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives and irregular adjectives. Finally, it includes some example exercises comparing adjectives.