The document discusses deflation and recession, noting that deflation occurs when there is too little money chasing too many goods. It then provides details on the 2008 global financial crisis and recession, including the collapse of major financial institutions and the government response. Causes of recession mentioned include a fall in durable goods demand, hiring freezes and cuts, bankruptcies, and a decline in business investment. The document also discusses whether companies should cut or maintain research and development spending during recessions.
This letter written in 2070 describes a dystopian future with severe water scarcity. The writer recalls their childhood when water was plentiful but wasted. Now, people are severely dehydrated and the environment is destroyed. The population suffers from poor health and high mortality rates. Water has become more valuable than gold. The writer feels guilty for the generation's role in environmental destruction and wishes they could have convinced people to save the planet when there was still time.
The document summarizes the authors Kenneth Blanchard and Spencer Johnson and their book "The One Minute Manager". It discusses how the book teaches managers to set clear goals that can be reviewed in one minute, give immediate one minute praise when goals are met, and deliver swift one minute reprimands when goals are not met. It emphasizes that effective managers behave like "One Minute Managers" by setting brief goals and providing brief but impactful praise and feedback.
The document discusses the founding and growth of Infosys, an Indian multinational corporation that provides business consulting, information technology and outsourcing services. It notes that Infosys was incorporated in 1981 by Narayan Murthy and six co-founders with an initial capital of $250. The document also briefly outlines Infosys' goals, investments, services, products, locations and partnerships to optimize processes for clients.
This document provides information about Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), an Indian consumer goods company. It discusses that HUL was formed in 1933 and is headquartered in Mumbai, producing brands like Lux, Lifebuoy, Dove and Brooke Bond. The chairman is Harish Manwani and net income is Rs. 2,202.03 crore. It also summarizes HUL's acquisitions of brands like Lakme and mergers with companies like Ponds and Tata Chemicals. Rural marketing strategies are highlighted along with the concepts of market segmentation and economies of scope.
Secondary brand associations occur when attributes from another entity become linked to a brand through their relationship. This can help transfer brand equity. There are several means companies use to create secondary associations, including co-branding with other companies, licensing another brand's intellectual property, celebrity endorsements, sponsoring events, and highlighting endorsements from credible third parties. Leveraging secondary associations can help build a brand's awareness, credibility, and perception.
The document discusses key aspects of project definition and management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end, undertaken to meet unique goals. Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, motivating and controlling resources to achieve specific goals. The document outlines important elements that should be considered in properly defining the scope, objectives, resources, timeline and governance of a project to set it up for success. It emphasizes that the project definition serves as the definitive mandate and should be revisited if circumstances change.
This document provides information about the Indian state of Rajasthan. It discusses the capital as Jaipur, lists 32 districts, and notes the main languages as Rajasthani and Hindi. Key facts are presented about the state's culture like traditional dances. Information is also given about shopping destinations and their specialties in cities like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Jaipur. Traditional Rajasthani cuisine and folk music are summarized. Transportation details and popular tourist destinations across the state are highlighted in point form. Brief descriptions of notable cities like Jaipur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Udaipur are included.
The document discusses the 2G spectrum scam that occurred in India in 2008. It describes how the then telecom minister, A. Raja, issued 2G licenses to private telecom companies at throwaway prices, ignoring recommendations to auction licenses. This caused an estimated loss of 1.76 lakh crore rupees to the government. Key people involved included Raja, Kanimozhi, Shahid Balwa, and executives from companies like Swan Telecom and Unitech. The scam had negative effects on investor sentiment in telecom stocks. The government took remedial measures including setting up a CBI investigation and Raja resigning and being arrested.
This document discusses the history and evolution of marketing from early barter systems to modern digital marketing approaches. It outlines several eras of marketing orientation including production, product, and market orientations. More recent developments discussed include relationship marketing in the 1990s, the emergence of societal marketing in the 1960s, and the rise of digital marketing. The future of marketing is predicted to involve greater customization of products, leveraging of social networks, and innovations in digital marketing techniques.
The industrial policy document outlines the key policies and resolutions related to industrial development in India since 1948. The key highlights are:
1) The 1948 resolution emphasized the importance of increasing production and its equitable distribution, and an active role for the state in developing industries.
2) Subsequent resolutions in 1956, 1973, and 1977 focused on reducing economic inequalities, preventing monopolies, expanding state-run industries, and boosting small enterprises.
3) The 1991 policy aimed to liberalize the economy, encourage foreign investment and technology, make public sectors more efficient, and boost competitiveness while protecting workers and the environment.
The document discusses promotion strategies for rural areas in India. It defines promotion as communication used to inform, persuade and remind people about goods, services, and impact. The purpose of promotion is to increase customer awareness of desirable product features and benefits. Some key benefits mentioned are increasing usage, value, and educating users. The document then lists several rural promotional strategies commonly used in India, including events at haats/melas, wall paintings, customer touchpoints, van campaigns, and leveraging folk media and games. Overall the focus is on non-traditional promotion methods suitable for communicating with rural audiences.
This document discusses environmental scanning and analysis for organizations. It defines the environment as all external factors that influence an organization. It describes doing a SWOT analysis to understand internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats. It outlines different environmental sectors including economic, political, technological, and socio-cultural factors. It recommends that organizations systematically monitor their environment to identify threats and opportunities for strategic decision making. Environmental scanning approaches include systematic ongoing monitoring, ad-hoc studies, and using processed information from external sources.
Rural market segmentation and Targeting & Rural Marketing ResearchArsh Koul
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This document discusses rural marketing segmentation and targeting. It defines rural marketing and different types of market segmentation including geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioral, and multi-attribute segmentation. It emphasizes evaluating segments based on attractiveness and company objectives/resources before selecting target segments. The document also discusses differentiated vs undifferentiated marketing strategies and advantages of a multi-segment strategy over a single segment strategy for rural markets.
Ramalinga Raju founded Satyam Computer Services in 1987 and grew it into a large IT company. In 2008, it was revealed that Satyam's accounts had been falsified for years, with profits and cash balances inflated. Raju resigned and admitted to the fraud. An investigation found that around 13,000 employees did not actually exist in order to siphon off funds. Tech Mahindra later acquired Satyam and it is now known as Mahindra Satyam, overseen by a new board and leadership while continuing legal proceedings around the original fraud.