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Anatomy of conjunctiva.pptx
- 1. Anatomy of Conjunctiva Optomety Fans www.optometry.fans
- 2. Anatomy of Conjunctiva Conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane which lines the posterior surface of the eyelids and anterior of the eyeball. The name conjunctiva has been given to this mucous membrane due to the fact that it joins the eyeball to the lids. It stretches from the lid margin to the limbus, and encloses a complex space called conjunctival sac which is open in front at the palpebral fissure
- 4. PARTS OF CONJUNCTIVA 1. Palpebral Conjunctiva Marginal Conjunctiva Tarsal Conjunctiva Orbital Conjunctiva 2. Bulbar Conjunctiva 3. Conjunctival fornix
- 5. Conjunctiva Palpebral Conjunctiva Marginal Conjunctiva Tarsal Conjunctiva Orbital Conjunctiva Bulbar Conjunctiva Limbal Conjunctiva Conjunctival fornix Superior Fornix Inferior Fornix Lateral Fornix Medial Fornix
- 6. 1. Palpebral conjunctiva : It lines the lids and can be subdivided into marginal, tarsal and orbital conjunctiva.
- 7. Marginal conjunctiva It extends from the lid margin to about 2 mm on the back of lid up to a shallow groove, the sulcus subtarsalis. It is actually a transitional zone between skin and the conjunctiva proper
- 8. Tarsal conjunctiva Tarsal conjunctiva is thin, transparent and highly vascular. It is firmly adherent to the whole tarsal plate in the upper lid. In the lower lid, it is adherent only to half width of the tarsus. The tarsal glands are seen through it as yellow streaks
- 9. Orbital conjunctiva Orbital part of palpebral conjunctiva lies loose between the tarsal plate and fornix.
- 10. Bulbar Conjunctiva It is thin, transparent and lies loose over the underlying structures and thus can be moved easily. It is separated from the anterior sclera by episcleral tissue and Tenons capsule. A 3 mm ridge of bulbar conjunctiva around the cornea is called limbal conjunctiva. In the area of limbus, the conjunctiva, Tenons capsule and the episcleral tissue are fused into a dense tissue which is strongly adherent to the underlying corneoscleral junction. At the limbus, the epithelium of conjunctiva becomes continuous with that of cornea
- 11. Conjunctival Fornix It is a continuous circular culde-sac which is broken only on the medial side by caruncle and the plica semilunaris. Conjunctival fornix joins the bulbar conjunctiva with the palpebral conjunctiva. It can be subdivided into superior, inferior, medial and lateral fornices
- 12. Structure of conjunctiva Histologically the conjunctiva consists of three layers namely Epithelium Adenoid layer Fibrous layer
- 13. Glands of conjunctiva Gland of Conjunctiva Mucine secretory gland Goblet cell Crypts of henle Gland of Manz Accessory Lacrimal Gland Gland of Krause Gland of Wolfrings
- 14. Mucin secretory glands Mucin secretory gland include: Goblet cells (the unicellular glands located within the epithelium), Crypts of Henle (present in the tarsal conjunctiva), and Glands of Manz (found in limbal conjunctiva). These glands secrete mucus which is essential for wetting the cornea and conjunctiva.
- 15. Accessory lacrimal glands Accessory lacrimal glands includes.. Glands of Krause, present in subconjunctival connective tissue of fornices, about 42 in the upper fornix and 8 in the lower fornix, and Glands of Wolfring, present along the upper border of superior tarsus and along the lower border of inferior tarsus.
- 16. Plica semilunaris It is a pinkish crescentric fold of conjunctiva, present in the medial canthus. Its lateral free border is concave. It is a vestigeal structure in human beings and represents the nictitating membrane of lower animals
- 18. Caruncle The caruncle is a small, ovoid, pinkish mass, situated in the inner canthus, just medial to the plica semilunaris. In reality, it is a piece of modified skin and so is covered with stratified squamous epithelium and contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles.