Ophthalmology and Optometry multiple Choice Questions.. Optometry Fans
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BINOCULAR VISION M.C.Q QUESTION
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This document contains questions and answers related to vision and eye health. It addresses topics like:
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Accommodation anomalies can occur due to various causes and present with different symptoms. Assessment involves dynamic retinoscopy and measuring accommodation amplitudes. Accommodative fatigue can result from overuse and be treated by correcting refractive errors and discussing visual hygiene. Presbyopia is age-related and treated with near vision correction. Other failures of accommodation include insufficiency, paralysis, spasm, and sustained accommodation, each with different etiologies, signs, and treatments.Mcq in optometry
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This document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to optometry. Some key topics covered in the questions include:
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- The highly refractive surface of the eye
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- The dioptric power of a reduced eye
- What the line joining fixation point and center of rotation is called
- What instrument is used to measure vertex distance of a lens
- What against the rule astigmatism means
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- How much convergence occurs for each diopter of accommodation
- What 1.5Scleral lenses
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The term aniseikonia comes from the Greek words an (not) is (equal) & eikon (icon or image) so aniseikonia is a binocular condition in which the apparent sizes of the images seen with the two eyes are unequal.
Whenever refractive ametropias in the two eyes of a person are different (i.e., when there is an anisometropia), the corrected retinal images of the two eyes, and consequently the two visual images, differ in size.
This condition has been termed aniseikonia
Optical aniseikonia
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This document discusses spectacle refraction and how it relates to correcting refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. It defines spectacle refraction as the power of the lens needed to correct refractive errors at the spectacle plane. Myopia occurs when light focuses in front of the retina, and is corrected using concave lenses. Hyperopia is when light focuses behind the retina, corrected with convex lenses. Astigmatism is an irregular refraction that can be corrected using lenses, contacts, surgery, or lasers. The document also discusses how to calculate spectacle refraction from ocular refraction using vertex distance. CLINICAL REFRACTION QUESTION SET 1 M.C.Q WITH ANSWER
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Accommodation is the eye's ability to focus on near objects by increasing the lens power. It allows diverging rays from near objects to focus on the retina. Key aspects of accommodation include the near and far points of accommodation and the amplitude or range of accommodation which decreases with age causing presbyopia. Accommodation involves changes in lens curvature and thickness brought about by ciliary muscle contraction and zonule relaxation. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of accommodation. Anomalies of accommodation include diminished accommodation, presbyopia, paralysis and excess or spasm of accommodation.Anomalies of accommodation, convergence & its management
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DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK もhttps://healthkura.com/presbyopia-near-addition/も
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A fantastic presentation in the topic "Presbyopia and techniques of measurement"
A detailed information about presbyopia, techniques of presbyopic add determination and different correction methods.
Informative slide presentation on presbyopia for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic assistants, ophthalmic technicians, ophthalmic nurses, medical students, medical professors, teaching guides.
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-Types of presbyopia
-Risk factors
-Symptoms and signs
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-Methods of determining near add.
-Management of presbyopia
In a nutshell..
- The evaluation and management of presbyopia are important because significant functional deficits can occur when the condition is left untreated
- Undercorrected or uncorrected presbyopia can cause significant visual disability and have a negative impact on the pt.'s quality of life
- Finally, every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient
For Further Reading:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
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-Borishs Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
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油
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Accommodation is the eye's ability to focus on near objects by increasing the lens power. It allows diverging rays from near objects to focus on the retina. Key aspects of accommodation include the near and far points of accommodation and the amplitude or range of accommodation which decreases with age causing presbyopia. Accommodation involves changes in lens curvature and thickness brought about by ciliary muscle contraction and zonule relaxation. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of accommodation. Anomalies of accommodation include diminished accommodation, presbyopia, paralysis and excess or spasm of accommodation.Anomalies of accommodation, convergence & its management
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This document discusses various anomalies of accommodation and convergence that can cause asthenopia (eye strain) including presbyopia, accommodative insufficiency, ill-sustained accommodation, accommodation inertia, paralysis and spasm of accommodation, as well as convergence insufficiency, paralysis, and spasm. It describes the causes, clinical features, and treatment options for each condition. The management typically involves optical correction, orthoptic exercises, and in some cases surgery to improve binocular vision and reduce symptoms.Presbyopia/ Methods of Presbyopic Addition Determination (healthkura.com)
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DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK もhttps://healthkura.com/presbyopia-near-addition/も
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at もも https://healthkura.com もも
Presbyopia and techniques of measurement
A fantastic presentation in the topic "Presbyopia and techniques of measurement"
A detailed information about presbyopia, techniques of presbyopic add determination and different correction methods.
Informative slide presentation on presbyopia for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic assistants, ophthalmic technicians, ophthalmic nurses, medical students, medical professors, teaching guides.
Presentation Contents:
--Introduction to presbyopia
-Types of presbyopia
-Risk factors
-Symptoms and signs
-Refractive error and presbyopia
-Methods of determining near add.
-Management of presbyopia
In a nutshell..
- The evaluation and management of presbyopia are important because significant functional deficits can occur when the condition is left untreated
- Undercorrected or uncorrected presbyopia can cause significant visual disability and have a negative impact on the pt.'s quality of life
- Finally, every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient
For Further Reading:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borishs Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
Heterophoria;Definiton,classification and etiology
Heterophoria;Definiton,classification and etiologyaryalranjana
油
Heterophoria is a latent eye misalignment where the eyes are directed at the fixation point but tend to deviate when fusion is interrupted. It is classified based on direction of deviation (esophoria, exophoria, hyperphoria, cyclophoria) and symptoms (compensated vs decompensated). Esophoria involves a nasal deviation, exophoria a divergent deviation, and hyperphoria/hypophoria an upward/downward deviation of one eye. Compensated heterophoria causes no symptoms while decompensated heterophoria occurs when the deviation cannot be controlled due to weak fusion, leading to issues like blurred vision, diplopia,anomalous retinal correspondence
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油
This document discusses retinal correspondence and abnormal retinal correspondence. It defines retinal correspondence as the relationship between paired retinal visual cells in the two eyes that allows for single binocular vision. Abnormal retinal correspondence occurs when the fovea of one eye corresponds to an extrafoveal area in the other eye, resulting in eccentric fixation but maintained binocular vision. The document describes tests to assess normal versus abnormal retinal correspondence, including the Bagolini striated glasses test, red filter test, and Hering-Bielschowsky after-image test.Spectacle dispensing in elderly.pptx
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This document discusses several key considerations for providing eye care to elderly patients. It notes that the elderly population is one of the fastest growing internet users and will require more frequent eye exams. It highlights that aging brings natural changes to vision that should be addressed sensitively. Examinations and dispensing processes should be thorough and explain recommendations in detail while showing personal attention. Multiple pairs of eyewear are often needed to meet the varied visual needs of elderly patients for tasks like reading, computers, and driving. Lens material, coatings, and frame fit considerations are especially important for comfort.Jackson cross cylinder
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油
The document discusses the Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) test, which is used during refraction to detect and refine astigmatism. The JCC is a combination of two cylinders of equal strength but opposite signs, placed at right angles to each other. During the test, the JCC is held in different positions before the eye to see if there is a change in visual acuity. If a position is clearer, it indicates the axis of astigmatism. The test is then used to refine the axis and power of any astigmatic correction.Position of gaze and axes
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油
This document discusses the primary, secondary, and tertiary positions of the eyes. It explains that the primary position is the starting point for all other eye movements and is defined as looking straight ahead with eyes focused on infinity. It then describes the secondary positions as looking straight up, down, right, or left, and tertiary positions as combinations of vertical and horizontal movements, such as up-right. Finally, it discusses the three axes of rotation - horizontal, anteroposterior, and vertical - that are used to analyze all eye movements.Jackson cross cylinder
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油
JACKSON CROSS CYLINDER, JCC, JCC TEST, DISCOVERING THE ASTIGMATISM, REFINEMENT OF THE AXIS, REFIM\NEMENT OF CYLINDER POWER, FASLU MUHAMMED.Ac/a ratio
Ac/a ratio anupama manoharan
油
This document discusses the AC/A ratio, which is the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation. It defines the AC/A ratio and notes the normal range is 3-5 prism diopters per diopter of accommodation. Abnormal AC/A ratios can cause strabismus. The document outlines methods to measure the AC/A ratio clinically and discusses its uses in diagnosing different types of strabismus and their management approaches.Hypermetropia
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油
Hypermetropia, also known as farsightedness or longsightedness, occurs when the light rays from distant objects focus behind the retina rather than directly on it. There are several types and causes of hypermetropia, including axial hypermetropia from a shortened eyeball, curvatural hypermetropia from an increased curvature of the cornea or lens, and index hypermetropia that develops with age due to changes in the lens. Hypermetropia is generally treated with optical correction using lenses, but surgical procedures like LASIK or phakic intraocular lenses may be used for higher degrees of hypermetropia. Untreated hypermetropia can lead to issues like eyMeasurements of the optical constants of the eye
Measurements of the optical constants of the eyeDIVYAMURUGESAN8
油
This document discusses various diagnostic tests used in optometry and ophthalmology to measure characteristics of the eye. It describes keratometry which measures the curvature of the cornea, and A-scan ultrasonography which determines the axial length of the eye for calculating intraocular lens power during cataract surgery. Various conditions like myopia and hypermetropia are associated with different shapes of the cornea and lens. Common devices used for these measurements include keratometers, corneal topography, optical coherence tomography and A-scan ultrasound.Hand Neutralization.pptx
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油
This document describes the process of hand neutralization to determine the power of an unknown lens. Hand neutralization involves using a lens of known power to neutralize an unknown lens, where neutralization occurs when movement of the image through the lens is eliminated, indicating the lenses have cancelling powers. The steps include drawing a cross, determining lens orientation and optical center, neutralizing each meridian by finding the lens power that eliminates movement, recording the results as a power cross, and converting to a spherocylindrical formula.Bifocals PPT
Bifocals PPTMaaz ul haq
油
Bifocals are lenses with two optical powers, one for distance and one for near. There are several types of bifocal segments including round, flat top, curve top, ribbon, and Franklin style. Bifocals can be made through fused, one piece, or cemented constructions. When measuring for bifocals, the frame is positioned as it will be worn and the bifocal height is measured from the lower limbus or lid margin using a vertical ruler. This ensures the bifocal segment will be at the proper height for the wearer.NRA.pptx
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油
This document provides instructions for performing the Negative Relative Accommodation (NRA) and Positive Relative Accommodation (PRA) tests. The tests are used to determine a patient's need for near correction and to check if a patient was overminused during subjective refraction. The tests involve adding plus or minus lenses in 0.25 D increments in front of a patient's distance prescription while they view a near target and reporting the first sustained blur. The NRA is recorded as the amount of plus added before blur, and the PRA is recorded as the amount of minus added before blur up to -2.50 D. Expected NRA values are +2.00 賊0.50 D and expected PRA valuesMaddox rod and double maddox rod
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油
The document summarizes the Maddox rod and double Maddox rod tests used to measure ocular deviations. The Maddox rod test uses a red line to measure horizontal and vertical deviations at distance and near. It involves placing the Maddox rod before one eye and having the patient view a light source. The position of the red line indicates the type and amount of deviation. The double Maddox rod test uses two Maddox rods, one before each eye, to measure cyclodeviations by having the patient compare the orientation of the red lines seen with each eye. Both tests provide subjective measurements of ocular alignment but have limitations such as being influenced by sensory issues.Introduction to Low Vision
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This document provides an introduction to low vision aids. It defines low vision as visual acuity worse than 6/18 but better than light perception in the better eye, even with proper spectacle correction. Low vision can be caused by visual field loss less than 10 degrees as well. The document discusses different categories of visual impairment including low vision, partial blindness, and subnormal vision. It also discusses common eye disorders that can cause low vision in children and adolescents such as Best's disease, cone dystrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Finally, it provides an overview of common low vision aids that can help those with low vision including magnifiers, closed circuit televisions, and distance low vision aids.Similar to Ophthalmology and Optometry multiple Choice Questions.. Optometry Fans (20)
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#OwnYourAutonomy is aiming to be a global APM initiative to position everyone to take a more conscious role in their decision making process leading to increased outcomes for everyone and contribute to a world in which all projects succeed.
We want everyone to join the journey.
#OwnYourAutonomy is the culmination of 3 years of collaborative exploration within the Leadership Focus Group which is part of the APM People Interest Network. The work has been pulled together using the 5 HPTM速 Systems and the BTFA neuroscience leadership programme.
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Ophthalmology and Optometry multiple Choice Questions.. Optometry Fans
- 1. Ophthalmology and Optometry MCQ Optometry fans www.optometry.fans
- 2. 1. Retinal cells responsible for colour vision A. Cones B. Rods C. Ganglion cells D. Bipolar cells
- 3. 2. Lattice degeneration is seen in. A. Myopia B. Hypermetropia C. Astigmatism D. Presbyopia
- 4. 3. In pathological myopia optic disc appears A. Large B. Small C. Same size D. Any of the above
- 5. 4. At what distance distant direct ophthalmoscopy is performed? A. Close to face B. 20-25 cm C. 1m D. 6m
- 6. 5. Duochrome test is based on... A. Spherical aberration B. Chromatic aberration C. Both D. None
- 7. 6. Anterior segment of the eyeball includes structures lying in front of the. A. Iris B. Crystalline lens C. Vitreous body D. Cornea
- 8. 7. Which of the following is not a cycloplegic drug... A. atropine B. cyclopentolate C. homatropine D. Pilocarpine
- 9. 8. If the refractive error in both eyes are equal, the condition is known as.. A. Emmetropia B. Anisometropia C. Isometropia D. Orthophoria
- 10. 9. Dynamic Retinoscopy gives an objective refraction for... A. Near vision B. Distance vision C. Both D. None
- 11. 10. Skiascopy is another name for.. A. Distant direct ophthalmoscopy B. Retinoscopy C. Perimetry D. Gonioscopy
- 12. 11. In a normal adult person the depth of anterior chamber in the centre is about A. 2.5 mm B. 3 mm C. 3.5 mm D. 4 mm
- 13. 12. Visual field is largest for which colour... A. Blue B. Green C. Red D. White
- 14. 13. Sclera is weakest at the level of A. Macula B. Equator C. Insertion of extraocular muscles D. Ora serrata
- 15. 14. Image magnification in direct ophthalmoscopy... A. 5 times B. 10 times C. 15 times D. 20 times
- 16. 15. Diameter of the optic disc is A. 1.5 mm B. 2.5 mm C. 3.5 mm D. 5 mm
- 17. 16. Diameter of the macula lutea is: A. 1.5 mm B. 3.5 mm C. 4.5 mm D. 5.5 mm
- 18. 17. In direct ophthalmoscopy the image in a myopic eye is A. Smaller B. Bigger C. Same size D. Any of the above
- 19. 18. Optic nerve consists of axons of A. Ganglion cells B. Bipolar cells C. Rods and cones D. All of the above
- 20. 19. Hruby lens used for ophthalmoscopy is a ? A. Convex lens B. Concave lens C. Cylindrical lens D. None
- 21. 20. Neurons of first order for visual sensations are: A. Rods and cones B. Bipolar cells C. Ganglion cells D. None of the above