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Action Research Designs
Review/Overview
By: Dok J.
COMPARE OR COMPRESS
 Action Research
 Thesis
 Baby Thesis
 Dissertation
Key Topics
 Purposes and uses of Action Research
 Types of action research designs
 Key characteristics of action research
 Steps in conducting an action research study
 Evaluating an action research study
What is action research?
 Action research is systematic inquiry
done by teachers (or other individuals in
an educational setting) to gather
information about, and subsequently
improve, the ways their particular
educational setting operates, how they
teach, and how well their students learn
(Mills, 2000).
When do you use action research?
 When you have an educational problem to
solve
 When educators want to reflect on their own
practices
 When you want to address school-wide
problems
 When teachers want to improve their
practices
 When educators want to participate in a
research project
How did action research
develop?
Teacher and school inquiries
(e.g. teacher-initiated
research studies)
Professional inquiry by
teachers (e.g. self-study)
School-based
site councils
(e.g. School
Committees)
In-service days (e.g. teacher
staff development activities)
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
Movement Toward Action Research
Types of action research
designs
Action Research
Participatory
Practical
Studying local practices
Involving individual or team-
based inquiry
Focusing on teacher development and
student learning
Implementing a plan of action
Leading to the teacher-as-researcher
Studying social issues
that constrain individual lives
Emphasizing equal
collaboration
Focusing on life-enhancing
changes
Resulting in the emancipated
researcher
Practical action research: Mills
(2000) Dialectic Research Spiral
Analyze and
Interpret Data
Develop an
Action Plan
Collect Data
Identify an
Area of Focus
Participatory action research
 Deliberate exploration of relationship between
the individual and others
 Participatory: people conduct studies on
themselves
 Practical and collaborative
 Emancipatory (Challenges procedures)
 Helps individuals free themselves from
constraints found in media, language, work
procedures, and power relationships
 Reflexive or dialectical  focused on bringing
about change in practices
Stringers (1999) Action
Research Interacting Spiral
 Think
 Look
 Act
Key characteristics of action
research
 A practical focus
 The educator-researchers own
practices
 Collaboration
 Dynamic process
 A plan of action
 Sharing research
Practical focus
 A problem that will have immediate
benefits for
 Individual teachers
 Schools
 Communities
Study of the educator-
researchers own practices
 Self-reflective research by the
educator-researchers turns the lens on
their own educational classroom,
school, or practices.
Collaboration
Administrators
Staff
Teachers
Students
Parents
Community
Stakeholders
Collaborative
Team
A dynamic process
 Dynamic process of spiraling back and
forth among reflection, data collection,
and action
 Does not follow a linear pattern
 Does not follow a causal sequence from
problem to action
A plan of action
 The action researcher develops a plan
of action
 Formal or informal; involve a few
individuals or an entire community
 May be presenting data to stakeholders,
establishing a pilot program, or
exploring new practices
Sharing research
 Groups of stakeholders
 Local schools, educational personnel
 Local or state individuals
 Not specifically interested in publication
but in sharing with individuals or groups
who can promote change
The problem is only one
phase in which to enter
Identifying
Problem
Collecting
Data
Evaluating
Existing
Data
Taking
Action
Point of
Entry
Point of
Entry
Point of
Entry
Point of
Entry
What are the steps in
conducting action research?
 Determine if action research is the best
design to use.
 Identify the problem to study
 Locate resources to help address the
problem
 Identify the information you will need
Taxonomy of action research
data collection techniques
Action Research
Data Collection Techniques
(The EIE)
Experiencing Inquiring
Examining
(Through observation
and field notes)
When the researcher
asks
Using and making
records
Participant observation
(Active participant)
Privileged, active
observer
Passive observer
Informal Interview
Structured formal
Interview
Questionnaires
Attitude Scales
Standardized Tests
Archival documents
Journals
Maps
Audio and
Videotapes
Artifacts
Fieldnotes
What are the steps in
conducting action research?
 Implement the data collection
 Analyze the data
 Develop a plan for action
 Implement the plan and reflect
How do you evaluate action
research?
 Does the project clearly address a problem or
issue in practice that needs to be solved?
 Did the action researcher collect sufficient
data to address the problem?
 Did the action researcher collaborate with
others during the study? Was there respect
for all collaborators?
How do you evaluate action
research?
 Did the plan of action advanced by the
researcher build logically from the data?
 Is there evidence that the plan of action
contributed to the researchers reflection as a
professional?
 Has the research enhanced the lives of the
participants by empowering them, changing
them, or providing them with new
understanding?
How do you evaluate action
research?
 Did the action research actually lead to
change or did a solution to a problem make
the difference?
 Was the action research reported to
audiences who might use the information?
Remember that common facts of today
are the products of yesterdays
RESEARCH, so your research today
would be the facts of tomorrow.
-Dok J-

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AR- DOK J - Copy action research for students

  • 2. COMPARE OR COMPRESS Action Research Thesis Baby Thesis Dissertation
  • 3. Key Topics Purposes and uses of Action Research Types of action research designs Key characteristics of action research Steps in conducting an action research study Evaluating an action research study
  • 4. What is action research? Action research is systematic inquiry done by teachers (or other individuals in an educational setting) to gather information about, and subsequently improve, the ways their particular educational setting operates, how they teach, and how well their students learn (Mills, 2000).
  • 5. When do you use action research? When you have an educational problem to solve When educators want to reflect on their own practices When you want to address school-wide problems When teachers want to improve their practices When educators want to participate in a research project
  • 6. How did action research develop? Teacher and school inquiries (e.g. teacher-initiated research studies) Professional inquiry by teachers (e.g. self-study) School-based site councils (e.g. School Committees) In-service days (e.g. teacher staff development activities) 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Movement Toward Action Research
  • 7. Types of action research designs Action Research Participatory Practical Studying local practices Involving individual or team- based inquiry Focusing on teacher development and student learning Implementing a plan of action Leading to the teacher-as-researcher Studying social issues that constrain individual lives Emphasizing equal collaboration Focusing on life-enhancing changes Resulting in the emancipated researcher
  • 8. Practical action research: Mills (2000) Dialectic Research Spiral Analyze and Interpret Data Develop an Action Plan Collect Data Identify an Area of Focus
  • 9. Participatory action research Deliberate exploration of relationship between the individual and others Participatory: people conduct studies on themselves Practical and collaborative Emancipatory (Challenges procedures) Helps individuals free themselves from constraints found in media, language, work procedures, and power relationships Reflexive or dialectical focused on bringing about change in practices
  • 10. Stringers (1999) Action Research Interacting Spiral Think Look Act
  • 11. Key characteristics of action research A practical focus The educator-researchers own practices Collaboration Dynamic process A plan of action Sharing research
  • 12. Practical focus A problem that will have immediate benefits for Individual teachers Schools Communities
  • 13. Study of the educator- researchers own practices Self-reflective research by the educator-researchers turns the lens on their own educational classroom, school, or practices.
  • 15. A dynamic process Dynamic process of spiraling back and forth among reflection, data collection, and action Does not follow a linear pattern Does not follow a causal sequence from problem to action
  • 16. A plan of action The action researcher develops a plan of action Formal or informal; involve a few individuals or an entire community May be presenting data to stakeholders, establishing a pilot program, or exploring new practices
  • 17. Sharing research Groups of stakeholders Local schools, educational personnel Local or state individuals Not specifically interested in publication but in sharing with individuals or groups who can promote change
  • 18. The problem is only one phase in which to enter Identifying Problem Collecting Data Evaluating Existing Data Taking Action Point of Entry Point of Entry Point of Entry Point of Entry
  • 19. What are the steps in conducting action research? Determine if action research is the best design to use. Identify the problem to study Locate resources to help address the problem Identify the information you will need
  • 20. Taxonomy of action research data collection techniques Action Research Data Collection Techniques (The EIE) Experiencing Inquiring Examining (Through observation and field notes) When the researcher asks Using and making records Participant observation (Active participant) Privileged, active observer Passive observer Informal Interview Structured formal Interview Questionnaires Attitude Scales Standardized Tests Archival documents Journals Maps Audio and Videotapes Artifacts Fieldnotes
  • 21. What are the steps in conducting action research? Implement the data collection Analyze the data Develop a plan for action Implement the plan and reflect
  • 22. How do you evaluate action research? Does the project clearly address a problem or issue in practice that needs to be solved? Did the action researcher collect sufficient data to address the problem? Did the action researcher collaborate with others during the study? Was there respect for all collaborators?
  • 23. How do you evaluate action research? Did the plan of action advanced by the researcher build logically from the data? Is there evidence that the plan of action contributed to the researchers reflection as a professional? Has the research enhanced the lives of the participants by empowering them, changing them, or providing them with new understanding?
  • 24. How do you evaluate action research? Did the action research actually lead to change or did a solution to a problem make the difference? Was the action research reported to audiences who might use the information?
  • 25. Remember that common facts of today are the products of yesterdays RESEARCH, so your research today would be the facts of tomorrow. -Dok J-