The document discusses operations on integers and their signs. It states that integers are numbers preceded by a + or - sign and are represented on a number line. It defines concordant and discordant numbers and absolute value. It then explains the rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponents for integers based on the signs being concordant or discordant.
This document provides an overview of Earth's atmosphere including its composition, structure, and circulation patterns. It discusses key topics like the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, climate zones, and factors that create suitable conditions for life. The atmosphere is divided into four main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - each with distinct temperature characteristics. Atmospheric circulation is driven by convection, wind patterns, and interactions between air masses. Climate and weather are also influenced by feedback loops within the carbon cycle and factors like albedo that can both amplify and dampen global temperature changes.
The document summarizes key aspects of Earth's atmosphere. It describes the early atmosphere and how it has changed over time with the introduction of oxygen and the ozone layer. It then discusses the composition of the modern atmosphere and layers, including the troposphere where humans live and the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere. It also addresses how atmospheric gases transfer heat energy via radiation, conduction and convection, and how wind patterns are formed.
This document discusses air masses and fronts. It defines air masses as large bodies of air that extend thousands of kilometers and have uniform temperature and humidity. Air masses form over source regions and are classified as either tropical or polar, and continental or maritime. Fronts occur at the boundary between differing air masses and can be cold, warm, stationary or occluded fronts. Each front type brings characteristic weather conditions from rain to thunderstorms as the warmer air is displaced.
The document discusses air pressure and winds, including how air pressure is measured, how it varies with altitude and due to other factors, the forces that affect wind including pressure gradients, Coriolis force and friction, different wind patterns at various altitudes and near the surface, how winds generate vertical air motion, and how wind is measured. It provides details on these topics over several sections and pages with diagrams.
This document provides an introduction to various components of weather, including temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation. It explains how temperature differences cause air to rise and fall, creating wind. It also describes how warm air rising from the Earth's surface creates areas of low pressure that draw in surrounding high pressure air. Additionally, it outlines how global convection patterns and the Coriolis effect influence major wind currents in each hemisphere. Finally, it discusses water vapor and relative humidity.
This document provides an overview of Earth's atmosphere including its composition, structure, and circulation patterns. It discusses key topics like the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, climate zones, and factors that create suitable conditions for life. The atmosphere is divided into four main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - each with distinct temperature characteristics. Atmospheric circulation is driven by convection, wind patterns, and interactions between air masses. Climate and weather are also influenced by feedback loops within the carbon cycle and factors like albedo that can both amplify and dampen global temperature changes.
The document summarizes key aspects of Earth's atmosphere. It describes the early atmosphere and how it has changed over time with the introduction of oxygen and the ozone layer. It then discusses the composition of the modern atmosphere and layers, including the troposphere where humans live and the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere. It also addresses how atmospheric gases transfer heat energy via radiation, conduction and convection, and how wind patterns are formed.
This document discusses air masses and fronts. It defines air masses as large bodies of air that extend thousands of kilometers and have uniform temperature and humidity. Air masses form over source regions and are classified as either tropical or polar, and continental or maritime. Fronts occur at the boundary between differing air masses and can be cold, warm, stationary or occluded fronts. Each front type brings characteristic weather conditions from rain to thunderstorms as the warmer air is displaced.
The document discusses air pressure and winds, including how air pressure is measured, how it varies with altitude and due to other factors, the forces that affect wind including pressure gradients, Coriolis force and friction, different wind patterns at various altitudes and near the surface, how winds generate vertical air motion, and how wind is measured. It provides details on these topics over several sections and pages with diagrams.
This document provides an introduction to various components of weather, including temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation. It explains how temperature differences cause air to rise and fall, creating wind. It also describes how warm air rising from the Earth's surface creates areas of low pressure that draw in surrounding high pressure air. Additionally, it outlines how global convection patterns and the Coriolis effect influence major wind currents in each hemisphere. Finally, it discusses water vapor and relative humidity.
Stage astrofisica 2010- 12. Atmosfere planetarie - Alberto AdrianiIAPS
油
Stage di astrofisica IASF/IFSI, 3属 Edizione
Giorno 5- Lezione 12: Le missioni spaziali, le Osservazioni dallo spazio
Relatore: Alberto Adriani -INAF
Autore: Alberto Adriani -INAF
Este documento presenta informaci坦n sobre la ciudad de Barcelona, Espa単a. Barcelona es la capital de Catalu単a, una regi坦n aut坦noma con una poblaci坦n de aproximadamente 1.6 millones de habitantes. El documento describe varios lugares notables de la ciudad como el Barrio G坦tico, Las Ramblas, Parque G端ell y varias obras del arquitecto Antoni Gaud鱈 incluyendo la Sagrada Familia. Tambi辿n menciona algunas actividades de ocio como playas y parques, as鱈 como el estadio de f炭tbol Camp Nou y los Juegos Ol鱈mp
1. ATMOSFERA Francesco Gaddoni La Terra 竪 circondata e protetta da un'atmosfera gassosa, composta per il 78% da azoto, per il 21 % da ossigeno ed per il restante 1% da argon, anidride carbonica ed altri gas. La parola deriva dal greco atm嘆s = vapore e sfaira = sfera, infatti ha una forma sferoidale un po schiacciato ai poli e rigonfia allEquatore. Essa ha permesso lo sviluppo della vita sul nostro pianeta, grazie alla sua funzione di termoregolazione e di filtro nei confronti della radiazione dannosa proveniente dallo spazio.
2. STRATI DELLATMOSFERA 油 E suddivisa in strati concentrici, disomogenei per temperatura e densit: TROPOSFERA 油 (0 - 14 Km): la parte pi湛 densa dell'atmosfera, sede della maggior parte dei fenomeni meteorologici; la temperatura cala con l'altezza. STRATOSFERA 油 (14 - 60 km): contiene lo strato di ozono; la temperatura cresce con l'altezza.
3. MESOSFERA 油 (60 - 90 km): il gas diventa molto pi湛 rarefatto; la temperatura decresce con l'altezza. IONOSFERA 油 (fino a 4-500 km): 竪 ricca di particelle ionizzate; questo strato filtra la radiazione solare, lasciando passare soltanto certe bande spettrali, come quella ottica o radio, ed 竪 sede delle aurore polari . ESOSFERA 油 (dai 4-500 km in su): 竪 la parte meno conosciuta della nostra atmosfera, dove essa decresce in densit fino a perdersi nello spazio.
4. ORIGINE La nostra atmosfera ha un'origine poco conosciuta e vi sono diverse ipotesi sulla sua formazione. Secondo studi recenti, prima si sono formati l'azoto, l'anidride c. e il vapore acqueo grazie ad attivit vulcaniche e a reazioni chimiche circa 3,8 miliardi di anni fa, poi l'ossigeno creato sia per decomposizione del vapore acqueo, sia con fotosintesi dei primi vegetali.
5. EFFETTO SERRA & BUCO DELLOZONO L' effetto serra 竪 un fenomeno naturale, senza il quale non potrebbe esserci vita sulla Terra. L'intervento dell'uomo con crescenti emissioni di gas e la deforestazione, hanno incrementato questo meccanismo, con il rischio di rapido riscaldamento del pianeta che avrebbe effetti devastanti sulla vita. Ogni anno lozono del Polo Sud diminuisce a causa di variazioni naturali. Purtroppo, a causa degli inquinanti rilasciati in atmosfera sin dagli anni settanta, questa diminuzione 竪 diventata sempre maggiore, tanto da far parlare di buco dellozono: se arrivasse a scomparire non avremmo pi湛 il filtro della luce solare, e le radiazione nocive irradierebbero la Terra.