This document discusses various types of periprosthetic fractures that can occur after arthroplasty. It begins by covering classification systems for periprosthetic fractures including the Unified Classification System. It then discusses specific fracture types in more detail, including periprosthetic proximal femur fractures, interprosthetic femoral fractures, periprosthetic acetabular fractures, and periprosthetic fractures associated with total knee arthroplasty. For each fracture type, it covers incidence, risk factors, classification systems, treatment options and challenges.
This document discusses the history and evolution of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip replacement component designs. It outlines key developments from the late 19th century experiments with ivory and tissue replacements, to modern THA pioneered by Professor Charnley in the 1960s using bone cement and low friction materials. Current designs aim to restore normal hip biomechanics and include cemented or cementless femoral and acetabular components with various fixation methods and bearing surfaces to reduce wear. Future advances focus on minimally invasive techniques, computer navigation, and developing more durable and compliant bearing materials to improve implant longevity.
This document summarizes recent developments in the understanding and treatment of posterior malleolar fractures of the ankle. While fractures involving over 25% of the articular surface were previously thought to require fixation, several studies found no relationship between fragment size and functional outcomes or arthritis development. Instead, postoperative intra-articular step-off over 1mm is a risk factor for worse outcomes. Anatomic reduction and fixation of all posterior fragments is recommended to prevent step-off. Open reduction and internal fixation via a posterolateral approach provides better reduction and outcomes than percutaneous anterior-to-posterior screw fixation.
This document discusses subaxial cervical spine injuries, including their clinical spectrum and emergency treatment. It covers topics such as cervical spine immobilization, indications for surgery, classifications systems including AO Spine and SLIC, illustrative injury types like flexion-compression and distraction injuries, and recommendations for treatment. The key messages are to immobilize the cervical spine, classify injuries to determine if the spine is unstable, decompress and reconstruct any disrupted columns, consider early surgery within 12 hours when indicated, and urgently reduce bilateral locked facets in incomplete tetraplegia.
This document summarizes key aspects of spinal alignment evaluation. It describes normal cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar spinal curves. Spinal balance is defined as maintaining the center of gravity over the base of support with minimal postural sway. Key parameters for evaluating sagittal alignment include sagittal vertical axis, Cobb's method, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, PI-LL mismatch, global sagittal axis, and lower extremity compensation. Maintaining these alignment parameters is important for spinal health and function.
This document discusses periprosthetic fractures around the knee. It describes the classification, risk factors, evaluation, and management of femoral, tibial, and patellar fractures occurring near a knee replacement prosthesis. Key points include classifying fractures based on the Unified Classification System and FELIX Classification, addressing implant stability and bone quality when determining treatment, and utilizing techniques like plate fixation, revision arthroplasty, or allografts depending on the fracture type and individual clinical factors. Extraction of well-fixed tibial and femoral components requires specialized techniques to prevent further bone loss.
This document discusses idiopathic scoliosis, specifically infantile, juvenile, and adolescent types. It defines scoliosis as a lateral curvature of the spine with associated vertebral rotation. Infantile scoliosis occurs in children under 3 years old and can be progressive, requiring casting or bracing. Juvenile scoliosis appears from ages 4-10 and is typically treated with bracing. Adolescent scoliosis develops after age 10 and has the highest risk of progression during growth spurts, sometimes necessitating surgery to prevent deformity. The document outlines approaches for classifying, evaluating, and treating different forms of idiopathic scoliosis at various stages of development.
This document discusses fat embolism syndrome (FES), which can occur in 0.3-1.3% of hospitalized trauma patients with fractures requiring admission. FES most often develops within 72 hours of injury and is characterized by progressive respiratory failure, altered mental status, and petechial rashes. The mortality rate is high, between 7-29%. While FES commonly occurs after long bone fractures and polytrauma, there are reports of it developing after total hip or knee replacement surgery, decompression sickness, third degree burns, bone marrow transplantation, and other conditions. Risk is higher in patients with multiple fractures compared to isolated fractures. Men also have a higher risk than women.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the weekly meeting of our unit in the orthopedic surgery department in National Ribat Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 28th of August 2018. In it I present the content of a scientific paper from 2010. The paper is titled "^Intertrochanteric Fractures:Ten Tips to Improve Results ̄". It is composed of the following parts:
- The author, journal and article
- The 10 tips
The paper can be found here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415401
The document discusses the anatomy and surgical treatment of the spine. It describes the typical divisions of the spinal column, common curves seen, vertebral anatomy including facets and ligaments, and pedicle anatomy. Surgical techniques like pedicle screw fixation are covered including entry points, trajectories, and complications. Degenerative spinal conditions and their treatment with options like bracing, decompression surgery, and stabilization are also summarized.
This document discusses instability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It begins by outlining the goals and basic principles of TKA. It then describes the bone cuts made during TKA and emphasizes that resection of the proximal tibia influences both flexion and extension gaps. The document discusses various causes of instability after TKA including improper bone cuts, soft tissue imbalance, and component malpositioning. It provides details on managing different types of instability such as instability in extension, flexion, and mid-flexion. Prevention of instability through proper bone cuts and soft tissue balancing is emphasized.
Distal clavicle fractures are classified into 5 types based on the location and involvement of ligaments. Type I fractures involve minimal displacement and are treated non-operatively. Type II fractures have greater controversy in management, with some advocating surgery for Type II fractures that have medial displacement of the distal fragment. Surgical options include plate fixation, CC ligament reconstruction, and arthroscopic techniques. While surgery aims to improve union rates, it also carries risks of complications that must be weighed against non-operative treatment. Further research is still needed to determine the optimal treatment approach for different types of distal clavicle fractures.
1. This document evaluates surgical treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures associated with total hip arthroplasty from 2004-2010.
2. It classifies fractures using the Vancouver classification system based on location and fixation of the stem. Vancouver B2 fractures around a loose stem had the poorest results with many complications.
3. Treatment outcomes are reported for 47 patients with various fracture types. Vancouver B2 fractures treated with long stem revision and cerclage had better outcomes than open reduction and internal fixation. Overall, treatment of periprosthetic fractures remains challenging with high complication rates.
Free hand pedicle screw placement is a reliable technique for the lumbar and lower thoracic spine. The entry point is identified based on bony landmarks and screws are directed along the pedicle axis with a slight medial trajectory. Accuracy rates of 90-95% have been reported. In the upper and mid thoracic spine, free hand placement is more challenging due to smaller pedicle sizes and riskier medial violations. Intraoperative imaging or navigation may be most useful in the T4-T6 region, where breach rates are highest.
This document provides an overview of Lisfranc injuries, which involve the tarsometatarsal joint complex connecting the midfoot and forefoot. It describes the relevant anatomy, including the key Lisfranc ligament. Common mechanisms of injury are sports-related or high-energy trauma causing hyperextension or plantarflexion. Clinical presentation involves midfoot pain and swelling. Diagnosis relies on imaging like x-rays showing bone displacement. Injuries are classified based on the direction of metatarsal displacement. Treatment options include closed reduction for minor injuries or open reduction with internal fixation for severe fractures or dislocations.
This document summarizes principles of fracture fixation, methods that provide absolute versus relative stability, and Perren's strain theory. Absolute stability results in primary bone healing without callus formation, while relative stability stimulates callus formation and secondary bone healing. Simple fractures benefit from absolute stability using techniques like lag screws or compression plates, while multifragmentary fractures typically use relative stability with bridging plates, intramedullary nails, or external fixation. The goal is anatomical reduction and rigid fixation for intra-articular fractures, and alignment with relative stabilization for multifragmentary diaphyseal fractures.
This document provides information about PASTA (Partial Articular Supraspinatus Tendon Avulsion) lesions and repair techniques. It discusses methods for determining the size of PASTA lesions, current recommendations for repair vs. debridement, and repair options. It then describes a new PASTA repair technique called the "PASTA Bridge", which does not require knot tying. Preliminary results of a clinical study comparing the PASTA Bridge technique to trans-tendon repair show no significant differences in pain or function scores between the groups, and a lower failure rate for the PASTA Bridge. The PASTA Bridge is proposed as an easy, percutaneous alternative to other PASTA repair methods.
This document discusses periprosthetic fractures around the knee. It provides classifications for femoral, tibial, and patellar fractures. For femoral fractures, treatment depends on the fracture type and stability of the femoral component. Options include open reduction internal fixation with plates or intramedullary nails, or revision arthroplasty. Tibial fractures are also classified and treatment may involve cast immobilization, open reduction internal fixation, or revision if the tibial component is loose. Patellar fractures aim to restore the extensor mechanism through techniques like tension band wiring or partial patellectomy. Management considers the fracture pattern and quality of remaining bone stock.
This document presents a classification system for spinal fractures developed by AOSpine. It includes:
- Classification of cervical spine fracture types A-C, including compression (A), distraction (B), and translation (C) injuries. It also covers facet injuries and neurological status.
- Descriptions and illustrations of each fracture type (A1-A4, B1-B3, etc.) along with case examples.
- The goal is to develop a standardized system that can be used for research and guide treatment of spinal fractures. The system is being scientifically validated before potential adoption as the official AOSpine classification.
This document discusses periprosthetic fractures around the knee. It describes the classification, risk factors, evaluation, and management of femoral, tibial, and patellar fractures occurring near a knee replacement prosthesis. Key points include classifying fractures based on the Unified Classification System and FELIX Classification, addressing implant stability and bone quality when determining treatment, and utilizing techniques like plate fixation, revision arthroplasty, or allografts depending on the fracture type and individual clinical factors. Extraction of well-fixed tibial and femoral components requires specialized techniques to prevent further bone loss.
This document discusses idiopathic scoliosis, specifically infantile, juvenile, and adolescent types. It defines scoliosis as a lateral curvature of the spine with associated vertebral rotation. Infantile scoliosis occurs in children under 3 years old and can be progressive, requiring casting or bracing. Juvenile scoliosis appears from ages 4-10 and is typically treated with bracing. Adolescent scoliosis develops after age 10 and has the highest risk of progression during growth spurts, sometimes necessitating surgery to prevent deformity. The document outlines approaches for classifying, evaluating, and treating different forms of idiopathic scoliosis at various stages of development.
This document discusses fat embolism syndrome (FES), which can occur in 0.3-1.3% of hospitalized trauma patients with fractures requiring admission. FES most often develops within 72 hours of injury and is characterized by progressive respiratory failure, altered mental status, and petechial rashes. The mortality rate is high, between 7-29%. While FES commonly occurs after long bone fractures and polytrauma, there are reports of it developing after total hip or knee replacement surgery, decompression sickness, third degree burns, bone marrow transplantation, and other conditions. Risk is higher in patients with multiple fractures compared to isolated fractures. Men also have a higher risk than women.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the weekly meeting of our unit in the orthopedic surgery department in National Ribat Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 28th of August 2018. In it I present the content of a scientific paper from 2010. The paper is titled "^Intertrochanteric Fractures:Ten Tips to Improve Results ̄". It is composed of the following parts:
- The author, journal and article
- The 10 tips
The paper can be found here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415401
The document discusses the anatomy and surgical treatment of the spine. It describes the typical divisions of the spinal column, common curves seen, vertebral anatomy including facets and ligaments, and pedicle anatomy. Surgical techniques like pedicle screw fixation are covered including entry points, trajectories, and complications. Degenerative spinal conditions and their treatment with options like bracing, decompression surgery, and stabilization are also summarized.
This document discusses instability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It begins by outlining the goals and basic principles of TKA. It then describes the bone cuts made during TKA and emphasizes that resection of the proximal tibia influences both flexion and extension gaps. The document discusses various causes of instability after TKA including improper bone cuts, soft tissue imbalance, and component malpositioning. It provides details on managing different types of instability such as instability in extension, flexion, and mid-flexion. Prevention of instability through proper bone cuts and soft tissue balancing is emphasized.
Distal clavicle fractures are classified into 5 types based on the location and involvement of ligaments. Type I fractures involve minimal displacement and are treated non-operatively. Type II fractures have greater controversy in management, with some advocating surgery for Type II fractures that have medial displacement of the distal fragment. Surgical options include plate fixation, CC ligament reconstruction, and arthroscopic techniques. While surgery aims to improve union rates, it also carries risks of complications that must be weighed against non-operative treatment. Further research is still needed to determine the optimal treatment approach for different types of distal clavicle fractures.
1. This document evaluates surgical treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures associated with total hip arthroplasty from 2004-2010.
2. It classifies fractures using the Vancouver classification system based on location and fixation of the stem. Vancouver B2 fractures around a loose stem had the poorest results with many complications.
3. Treatment outcomes are reported for 47 patients with various fracture types. Vancouver B2 fractures treated with long stem revision and cerclage had better outcomes than open reduction and internal fixation. Overall, treatment of periprosthetic fractures remains challenging with high complication rates.
Free hand pedicle screw placement is a reliable technique for the lumbar and lower thoracic spine. The entry point is identified based on bony landmarks and screws are directed along the pedicle axis with a slight medial trajectory. Accuracy rates of 90-95% have been reported. In the upper and mid thoracic spine, free hand placement is more challenging due to smaller pedicle sizes and riskier medial violations. Intraoperative imaging or navigation may be most useful in the T4-T6 region, where breach rates are highest.
This document provides an overview of Lisfranc injuries, which involve the tarsometatarsal joint complex connecting the midfoot and forefoot. It describes the relevant anatomy, including the key Lisfranc ligament. Common mechanisms of injury are sports-related or high-energy trauma causing hyperextension or plantarflexion. Clinical presentation involves midfoot pain and swelling. Diagnosis relies on imaging like x-rays showing bone displacement. Injuries are classified based on the direction of metatarsal displacement. Treatment options include closed reduction for minor injuries or open reduction with internal fixation for severe fractures or dislocations.
This document summarizes principles of fracture fixation, methods that provide absolute versus relative stability, and Perren's strain theory. Absolute stability results in primary bone healing without callus formation, while relative stability stimulates callus formation and secondary bone healing. Simple fractures benefit from absolute stability using techniques like lag screws or compression plates, while multifragmentary fractures typically use relative stability with bridging plates, intramedullary nails, or external fixation. The goal is anatomical reduction and rigid fixation for intra-articular fractures, and alignment with relative stabilization for multifragmentary diaphyseal fractures.
This document provides information about PASTA (Partial Articular Supraspinatus Tendon Avulsion) lesions and repair techniques. It discusses methods for determining the size of PASTA lesions, current recommendations for repair vs. debridement, and repair options. It then describes a new PASTA repair technique called the "PASTA Bridge", which does not require knot tying. Preliminary results of a clinical study comparing the PASTA Bridge technique to trans-tendon repair show no significant differences in pain or function scores between the groups, and a lower failure rate for the PASTA Bridge. The PASTA Bridge is proposed as an easy, percutaneous alternative to other PASTA repair methods.
This document discusses periprosthetic fractures around the knee. It provides classifications for femoral, tibial, and patellar fractures. For femoral fractures, treatment depends on the fracture type and stability of the femoral component. Options include open reduction internal fixation with plates or intramedullary nails, or revision arthroplasty. Tibial fractures are also classified and treatment may involve cast immobilization, open reduction internal fixation, or revision if the tibial component is loose. Patellar fractures aim to restore the extensor mechanism through techniques like tension band wiring or partial patellectomy. Management considers the fracture pattern and quality of remaining bone stock.
This document presents a classification system for spinal fractures developed by AOSpine. It includes:
- Classification of cervical spine fracture types A-C, including compression (A), distraction (B), and translation (C) injuries. It also covers facet injuries and neurological status.
- Descriptions and illustrations of each fracture type (A1-A4, B1-B3, etc.) along with case examples.
- The goal is to develop a standardized system that can be used for research and guide treatment of spinal fractures. The system is being scientifically validated before potential adoption as the official AOSpine classification.
1) The document discusses the classification and surgical treatment indications for thoracolumbar spinal injuries based on the AO classification system.
2) It describes the different AO fracture types (A, B, C) and indicates whether anterior or posterior surgical approaches are generally used to treat each type based on the degree of instability and neurological involvement.
3) Special fracture types in ankylosed spines are also discussed, noting that these fractures often require long posterior instrumentation and fusion due to the severe instability caused by disruption of three columns of the spine.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience and qualifications of Masato Tanaka, MD. It includes his personal details, education history, licensure, academic appointments, hospital appointments, memberships, honors, research interests, and publications. Tanaka graduated from Okayama University Medical School in 1988 and 1994. He is an Associate Professor at Okayama University Hospital specializing in orthopedic surgery, with a focus on spine surgery.
The document discusses the history, indications, anatomy, and techniques of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). It describes how PLIF and TLIF were developed over time to improve fusion rates. Common indications for PLIF and TLIF include degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, instability, and spondylolisthesis. Details are provided on the anatomy of the lumbar spine and techniques for performing PLIF and TLIF, including patient positioning, pedicle screw insertion, interbody cage placement, and rod fixation.
The document discusses various surgical techniques for the cervical spine including C1 laminar screw, C2 lamina screw, C2 pedicle screw, C2 pars screw, C1/2 transarticular screw, C3-7 laminar screws, C3-7 transarticular screws, and C7 laminar screw. Many of the techniques are associated with landmarks in London like St. Paul's Cathedral, Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, and Tower Bridge, while others reference locations in the UK like Stonehenge and landmarks in other places like Chiang Mai, Ramses, and the Rosetta Stone in the British Museum.
Dr. Masato Tanaka visited Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust Hospitals in London from January to February 2010 as an IGASS fellowship. He was mentored by Mr. Lam and Mr. Lucas, excellent surgeons who were also friendly teachers and addressed all of Dr. Tanaka's questions. Dr. Tanaka observed a significant amount of spine surgeries, including lumbar total disc replacements and treatments for severe kyphosis. He was surprised by the one hour timeframe for lumbar TDR procedures and realized the procedure would grow in popularity in Japan. During his stay, Dr. Tanaka visited many historic London sites and thanked his mentors for their hospitality and efforts to make his fellowship a great learning experience.
The document summarizes various surgical techniques for posterior cervical screw placement at different levels of the cervical spine. It describes techniques for C1 lateral mass screws, C1/2 transarticular screws, C2 laminar screws, C2 pedicle screws, C2 pars interarticularis screws, C3-7 lateral mass screws, C3-7 transarticular screws, and C7 laminar screws. For each technique, it provides details on entry point, angle of insertion, length of screw, and any variations in methodology reported in literature.
16. 弋糠喘}p (Neo Spine 2008) The overall incidence of VAI was 0.14%. The incidence in anterior cervical decompression procedures was 0.18% and that in Magerl fixation was 1.3%. The incidence of traumatically induced vertebral artery occlusion was 17.2%. (Taneichi Spine 2005) (Yukawa Eur Spine J. 2009 ) Of the 620 cervical pedicle screws inserted, 24 (3.9%) demonstrated pedicle perforation .
18. Upper-Airway Obstruction After Short Posterior Occipitocervical Fusion in a Flexed Position Author A/S Morbidity Fusion Position Extubation Kainuma 53 F RA O-C4 Flex 2.5W Kawasaki 70 M RA NA Ext 7M Akai 61 F RA O-C3 Neut 6M Sakuraya 63 F Tumor O-C4 Flex 7W Asano 69 M RA NA NA 1W Yoshida 77 F RA O-C2 Flex 4W 瘁^糠K弋耕協で K弋を莫爆了 -> 河怠郎Γ柵簾嬾墾 河怠郎?柵簾嬾墾 (Yoshida Spine 2007)
19. O-C2 Angle as a Predictor of Dyspnea and/or Dysphagia After Occipitocervical Fusion Dyspnea(+) Dyspnea(-) P O-C2 angle (preoperative) 17.0 +10.0 11.7+13.2 0.17* O-C2 angle (postoperative) 3.6+6.5 13.7+14.1 0.067* dOC2A 13.4+5.0 2.0+ 5.6 0.0024*? S (preoperative) (mm2) 279+59.5 372+226 0.46* S (postoperative) (mm2) 150+27.2 391+ 204 0.0084*? % dS 45.8+3.2 11.0+33.8 0.0017*? O-C2 叔のp富莫爆了と盜椶レさは屎の珸v (Miyata Spine 2009)
70. 執弋のナビのコツと鯛とし僭 1. ナビは嵐嬬ではない ┷里おかしいと湖じるg薦も駅勣 2. g宀はg勸を、廁返がナビをみる 3. K弋と貧了俟弋は掲械に嗤喘 ( イメ`ジが聞えない、ナビでも PS 是y Take home message
71. Cervical Pedicle Screw C5 Pedicle The strongest structural element of the cervical vertebra The highest stability Can be combined with post decompression Deformity correction K弋のペディクルスクリュ`耕協
80. Willis 久喘}のu Willis Circle is complete in only 21-50% . Willis Circle Vertebral Artery Ant Cer A Middle C A Carotis A Basilar A Post C A Post Com A Ant Com A
81. Asymmetric VA Loop! g念のVAと久喘}のu Incomplete Willis Circle
82. K弋ペディクルスクリュ`のコツと鯛とし僭 1. VA のuが駅 RA ではs 20 イ PS 是y 2. 栽によって Willis 喘}のu 3. PS 參翌の圭隈翌Kスクリュ`なども深] 4. できればナビが李ましい 5. C1/2 耕協叔がS弋和アライメントに唹 Ant Cer A Middle C A Carotis A Basilar A Post C A Post Com A Ant Com A Take home message
#38: Prior to C1 lateral mass screw insertion, 2mm of diamond burr is inserted under control C-arm projection protecting the vertebral artery and the venous plexus using nerve retractor. The burr is inserted into the lateral mass followed by tapping and screw insertion.