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Introduction
? Big Data may well be the Next Big Thing in
the IT world.
? Big data burst upon the scene in the first decade
of the 21st century.
? The first organizations to embrace it were online
and startup firms. Firms like Google, eBay,
LinkedIn, and Facebook were built around big
data from the beginning.
? Like many new information technologies, big data
can bring about dramatic cost reductions,
substantial improvements in the time required to
perform a computing task, or new product and
service offerings.

? ‘Big Data’ is similar to ‘small data’, but bigger in
size
? but having data bigger it requires different
approaches:
– Techniques, tools and architecture
? an aim to solve new problems or old problems in a
better way
? Big Data generates value from the storage and
processing of very large quantities of digital
information that cannot be analyzed with
traditional computing techniques.
What is BIG DATA?

What is BIG
DATA
? Walmart handles more than 1 million
customer transactions every hour.
? Facebook handles 40 billion photos from its user
base.
? Decoding the human genome originally took 10years
to process; now it can be achieved in one week.

Why Big Data
? Growth of Big Data is needed
– Increase of storage capacities
– Increase of processing power
– Availability of data(different data types)
– Every day we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data;
90% of the data in the world today has been created
in the last two years alone

Data generation points Examples
Mobile Devices
Microphones
Readers/Scanner
s Science
facilities
Programs/
Software Social

Three Characteristics of Big
Data V3s
Volum
e
? Data
quantit
y
Velocit
y
? Data
Spee
d
Variet
y
? Data
Type
s

1st Character of Big
Data Volum
e
?A typical PC might have had 10 gigabytes of storage in 2000.
?Today, Facebook ingests 500 terabytes of new data every day.
?Boeing 737 will generate 240 terabytes of flight data during a
single flight across the US.
?The smart phones, the data they create and consume;
sensors embedded into everyday objects will soon result in
billions of new, constantly-updated data feeds containing
environmental, location, and other information, including
video.

2nd Character of Big
Data Velocity
? Clickstreams and ad impressions capture user
behavior at millions of events per second
? high-frequency stock trading algorithms reflect
market changes within microseconds
? machine to machine processes exchange data
between billions of devices
? infrastructure and sensors generate massive log data in
real- time
? on-line gaming systems support millions of
concurrent users, each producing multiple inputs
per second.

3rd Character of Big
Data Variety
? Big Data isn't just numbers, dates, and strings.
Big Data is also geospatial data, 3D data,
audio and video, and unstructured text,
including log files and social media.
? Traditional database systems were designed to
address smaller volumes of structured data,
fewer updates or a predictable, consistent
data structure.
? Big Data analysis includes different types of
data

The Structure of Big
Data
?Structured
? Most traditional
data sources
?Semi-structured
? Many sources of
big data
?Unstructured
? Video data, audio
data 13

Storing Big Data
?Analyzing your data characteristics
? Selecting data sources for analysis
? Eliminating redundant data
? Establishing the role of NoSQL
?Overview of Big Data stores
? Data models: key value, graph,
document, column-family
? Hadoop Distributed File System
? HBase
? Hive

Processing Big Data
?Integrating disparate data stores
? Mapping data to the programming framework
? Connecting and extracting data from storage
? Transforming data for processing
? Subdividing data in preparation for
Hadoop MapReduce
?Employing Hadoop MapReduce
? Creating the components of Hadoop MapReduce
jobs
? Distributing data processing across server farms
? Executing Hadoop MapReduce jobs
? Monitoring the progress of job flows

Big Data sources
Users
Application
Systems
Sensors
Large and growing
files (Big data
files)

Big Data Analytics
? Examining large amount of data
? Appropriate information
? Identification of hidden patterns, unknown correlations
? Competitive advantage
? Better business decisions: strategic and operational
? Effective marketing, customer satisfaction, increased
revenue

? Where processing is hosted?
– Distributed Servers / Cloud (e.g. Amazon
EC2/AZURE)
? Where data is stored?
– Distributed Storage (e.g. Amazon S3/ Azure data
lake)
? What is the programming model?
– Distributed Processing (e.g. MapReduce,spark)
? How data is stored & indexed?
– High-performance schema-free databases (e.g.
MongoDB)
? What operations are performed on data?
Types of tools used in
Big-Data

Batch Processing vs Real-Time
Streaming - What's the Difference?
2
Real-Time
Processing
? Real-time stream
processing is the
process of taking
action on data at the
time the data is
generated or
published.
? Ex : twitter ,Facebook
Batch Processing
? Batch processing is when
the processing and
analysis happens on a set
of data that have already
been stored over a period
of time.
? Ex : payroll and billing
systems that have to be
processed weekly or
monthly

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES BEST FOR BIG DATA
? Python
? Java
? R
? C++
? Scala
? Julia
? JavaScript
? SQL

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES BEST FOR
BIG DATA

India – Big Data
? Gaining attraction
? Huge market opportunities for IT services
(82.9% of revenues) and analytics firms
(17.1 % )
? Current market size is $200 million. By 2015 $1
billion
? The opportunity for Indian service providers lies
in offering services around Big Data
implementation and analytics for global
multinationals

Benefits of Big Data
?Real-time big data isn’t just aprocess for storing
petabytes or exabytes of data in adata warehouse,
It’s about the ability to make better decisions and
take meaningful actions at the right time.
?Fast forward to the present and technologies like
Hadoop give you the scale and flexibility to store
data before you know how you are going to process
it.
?Technologies such as MapReduce,Hive and Impala
enable you to run queries without changing the data
structures underneath.

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