François Blanquart - Evolution of migration in a fluctuating environment
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The document discusses how local adaptation and migration evolve in populations living in environments where selection fluctuates over time and space. It presents a model where migration is shown to increase local adaptation by reducing the lag time for adaptation, though more individuals are temporarily maladapted. The model finds an intermediate migration rate maximizes local adaptation across different environment shapes. It also shows migration can be selected for due to linkage disequilibrium dynamics, with the evolutionarily stable migration rate depending on the selection parameters. The document concludes migration may be an adaptive strategy for fluctuating environments.
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Sylvain Gandon - Epidémiologie évolutiveSeminaire MEELe document traite de l'épidémiologie évolutive en relation avec l'adaptation des populations de parasites aux changements environnementaux. Il explore les modèles d'évolution et d'écologie des maladies infectieuses, ainsi que la dynamique de l'adaptation dans le temps et dans l'espace. Les conclusions soulignent l'importance de considérer l'évolution dans la gestion des populations infectées et l'impact des interventions comme la vaccination.
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François Blanquart - Evolution of migration in a fluctuating environment
- 1. Evolution of migration in a fluctuating environment François Blanquart and Sylvain Gandon June 1 st 2010 François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 2. Introduction What is local adaptation? François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 3. Introduction What is local adaptation? François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 4. Introduction What is local adaptation? François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 5. Introduction What is local adaptation? François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10 W(home) W(away) W(away)
- 6. Introduction What is local adaptation? Local adaptation=W(home)-W(away) Local adaptation>0 : populations are locally adapted Migration decreases local adaptation For this reason, when populations are locally adapted migration does not evolve (Balkau & Feldman 1973) François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 7. Introduction Temporally changing selection (Morgan et al. 2005, Gandon 2002) When selection changes in time migration may increase local adaptation François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 8. Introduction Selection gradient changes in time frequently François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10 Siepielski et al.2009 years selection gradient
- 9. Introduction Design a model to see how local adaptation and migration evolve when selection is heterogeneous in space and fluctuating in time Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment Evolution of migration François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 10. Introduction The model Metapopulation Genetically explicit Life cycle Individuals produce a large number of juveniles: fecundity selection Populations are regulated Juveniles migrate and settle in new demes François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10 A M selection A and a migration M and m 4 genotypes -> p A , p M , D
- 11. Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 12. Higher migration : shorter lag, but more individuals are not locally adapted Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 13. Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment Higher migration : shorter lag, but more individuals are not locally adapted -> local adaptation peaks for an intermediate level of migration Is it true for any shape of selection? François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 14. Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 15. Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment Local adaptation is maximized for an intermediate rate of migration, for a variety of fluctuating environments François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 16. Local adaptation in a fluctuating environment François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 17. Evolution of migration Evolution of a modifier of migration and evolutionarily stable migration rate The evolution of the modifier over one life cycle depends on indirect selection , thus on the linkage disequilibrium Linkage disequilibrium is generated by the interplay between local adaptation and migration François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10 Fitness( A )>1 Fitness( a )<1 A a Fitness( A )<1 Fitness( a )>1 M many Am many am
- 18. Evolution of migration Finding the evolutionarily stable migration rate (ESMR) Quasi linkage equilibrium approximation … migration is not selected for…because populations are locally adapted Explicit dynamics of the linkage disequilibrium … migration is selected for (ESMR is not 0) because of the lag in the dynamics of the linkage disequilibrium François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 19. Evolution of migration François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 20. Evolution of migration Evolutionarily stable migration rate François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 21. Evolution of migration Evolutionarily stable migration rate François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 22. Evolution of migration Evolutionarily stable migration rate François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 23. Evolution of migration Evolutionarily stable migration rate François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 24. Evolution of migration … with cost François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 25. Evolution of migration … different shapes of selection François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 26. Conclusion and perspectives Local adaptation is maximal for an intermediate rate if migration, in a variety of fluctuating environments In spite of local adaptation, migration can be selected for in a changing environment François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 27. Conclusion and perspectives Host-parasite coevolution François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10 Sasaki et al. 2002
- 28. Conclusion and perspectives Migration: another strategy to adapt to a fluctuating environment François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10 Gandon & Otto 2007
- 29. Conclusion and perspectives Shape of selection? François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
- 30. Thank you François Blanquart – Séminaire MEE 01.06.10
Editor's Notes
- #3: ܳٳ=dzܱé
- #4: ܳٳ=dzܱé
- #5: ܳٳ=dzܱé
- #6: ܳٳ=dzܱé
- #7: ܳٳ=dzܱé
- #11: Rajouter: 2 allèles * 2 loci, 4 génotypes,
- #12: Dire direct le taux de migration (taux faible) Expliquer zones grises zones blanches Mettre en avant : le lag et la proportion de la population qui est adaptée…
- #13: Plus faible migration: plus grand retard dans le tracking de la sélection, mais une plus forte proportion d’individus est localement adaptée Plus forte migration: plus faible retard dans le tracking de la sélection, mais une plus faible proportion d’individus est localement adaptée
- #16: Conclure (c’est grosso modo la même chose) Dire que l’argument intuitif c’est que pour les séries de fourier le premier composant sinusoide est le plus gros contributeur à l’AL.
- #21: Evolution of the modifier does not maximize local adaptation, because the two things are not directly related
- #22: Evolution of the modifier does not maximize local adaptation, because the two things are not directly related
- #23: Evolution of the modifier does not maximize local adaptation, because the two things are not directly related
- #24: Mettre des flèches When recombination increases, the ESMR decreases because recombination also helps tracking selection
- #25: When there is a cost the ESMR is maximal for an intermediate speed When no cost, the ESMR only depends on the sign of selection; if there is a cost it also depends on the strength of selection on the modifier ; and this strength is very weak when selection changes quickly.