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- 1. BRANCHIOPODA presented by: Kanwal Shahzadi Roll # 22011514-070
- 2. SUB-PHYLUM CRUSTACEA CLASS BRANCHIOPODA branchio = gills poda = foot Which means foot are involved in gaseous exchange.
- 3. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Primarily live in fresh water. But some species are marine. All branchiopods posses flattened, leaflike appendages used in respiration filterfeeding and locomotion. 30,000 fossil brachiopod species known, but 385 are live today. Branchiopod include a smallbody(0.25mm- 10cm), paired compound eyes, single simple eye, Simple mouth parts, leaflike appendages .
- 4. CLASSIFICATION: The members of this class includes Shrimps. Shrimps classified into two orders: Order Anostraca (fairy shrimps & brine shrimps) Order Cladocera (water fleas)
- 5. ANOSTRACA FAIRY SHRIMPS Live in temporary ponds formed by seasonal rain fall. Eggs are laid and brooded during rainfall. Female dies after dying of ponds. Eggs become dormant in resistant capsule. During next rain fall eggs develop into Nauplius larvae and larvae converted into Adult. So this shows that they have a very short life cycle.
- 6. LIFE CYCLE OF FAIRY AND BRINE SHRIMPS
- 7. ANOSTRACA BRINE SHRIMPS Brine shrimps live in salty ponds. They also form resistant embryo.
- 8. CLADOCERA WATER FLEAS Members of this order Cladocera are called as water fleas. They have large Carapace that cover their whole body. They use their second Antena for locomotion.
- 10. REPRODUCTION Reproduction may be sexual or asexual Asexual Reproduction: Female reproduce parthenogenetially(without fertilization) in spring or summer. They increase their population. During summer female protect their eggs in carapace because carapace have egg case in its lower surface of body. Parthenogenis occurs in when photoperiod decreased that cause decrease in food supply.
- 11. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION As result of sexual reproduction resistant eggs are produced. Resistant eggs that are produced overwinter. Hatches in spring into young ones.
- 12. NUTRITION Among the branchiopods, only some Cladocerans are marine; all the other groups are found in continentail freshwater, including temporary pools and in salt lakes. Most branchiopodans eat floating detritus or planktons, which they take using the setae on their appendages.
- 13. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The midgut is a simple tube with a pair of blind sacs, or diverticula. These diverticula may be simple extension from the gut or may be complex in some species.
- 14. EXCRETORY SYSTEM The branchiopod excretory organ is the Maxilliary shell or gland so called because loops of the excretory duct can be seen in the wall of carapace.
- 15. NERVOUS SYSTEM The branchiopod nervous system consists of a central ganglion, or brain connected to two chains of ventral ganglia, which run along the trunk, underneath the gut. Nerves develop from these ganglia to the various mouthparts and limbs.
- 16. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system includes a heart that pumps blood into an open body cavity or hemocoel. The pigment in the blood of some species is hemoglobin.