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An Action Field Theory of Peripersonal Space
2018
Trends In Cognitive Sciences
Roy J. Bufacchi and Gian Domenico Iannetti
(my very naïve view)

Rizzolatti, 1981
The discovery of PPS, monkey single neurons
Bimodal neurons
sensitive to space
immediately around the
animal.

Rizzolatti, 1981
- pericutaneous (54%) neurons (few centimeters)
- distant peripersonal neurons (46%) (reaching distance)
The visual responding regions were spatially related to the tactile fields.
Bimodal neurons sensitive to space immediately around the animal.
Two subfamilies of neurons responding to
both the somatoseonsory and visual stimuli:

Tooth stimulation Visual stimulation
Rizzolatti, 1981
- pericutaneous (54%) neurons (few centimeters)
- distant peripersonal neurons (46%) (reaching distance)
The visual responding regions were spatially related to the tactile fields.
Bimodal neurons sensitive to space immediately around the animal.

Gentilucci, 1988
Observation of an object approaching the somatosenory
receptive field activates the PPS neurons
Approching body outside
the receptive filed
Approching body inside
the receptive field

Graziano, 1994
PPS: representation of space near the body in premotor cortex
Receptive
field
PPS
Modification of visual PPS representation by arm position

Graziano, 1994
PPS: representation of space near the body

PPS: representation of space near the body
Graziano, 1994

Caggiano, 2009
Some neurons encode space in operational terms, changing their
properties according to the possibility that the monkey will interact
with the object
Action observation (“mirror”) neurons are sensitive to PPS

Bonini, 2014
Canonical
(mostly peri-)
Action observation Object observation
Action observation
Mirror neurons
activated
Object observation
Canonical neurons
activated
Mirror (both
extra- and peri-)
Responses of Ventral Premotor Grasping Neurons to visual stimuli
Object observation mostly in peripersonal space,
Action observation responses were less space-selective.

Bonini, 2014
Canonical
Action observation
Mirror neurons
activated
Object observation
Canonical neurons
activated
Mirror
Responses of Ventral Premotor Grasping Neurons to visual stimuli
Object observation mostly in peripersonal space,
Action observation responses were less space-selective.
Visual-motor task
Space-constrained coding of
objects mostly relies on an
operational (action possibility)
rather than metric (absolute
distance) reference frame.

PPS is an adaptive ability to estimate the probability of interaction
Shaping of behavioral response
What is peripersonal space (PPS)?

Canonical PPS staff
Clery, 2014
Pellegrino, 2015
Ladavas, 2008
Job, 2016
Holmes, 2008

Conflictual:
Use with other action
Nonconflictual:
Use with grasp action
Kalenine, 2016
Costantini, 2011
Wamain, 2016
Cognitive PPS stuff (just imagine!)

PPS is an adaptive ability to estimate the probability of interaction
Shaping of behavioral response
What is peripersonal space (PPS)?
Grivaz, 2017: meta-analysis of PPS-related neuroimaging research
Body ownership (BO)

Working memory is a system responsible for
temporarily holding information available for
processing which has a limited capacity.
What is working memory?What is attention?
Selectively prioritising one part of the perceptional
continuum while deprioritysing the other
The allocation of limited cognitive processing
resources
http://neurosynth.org/

Brozzoli 2011
http://neurosynth.org/

Cisek, P. and Kalaska, J.F. (2010) Neural mechanisms for interacting with a world full of action
choices. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 33, 269–298
Interactive behavior framework
Prieto-frontal network
transforms visual input
into representation of
potential actions
Depending on
environmental
circumstances!
Attention
Working memory
PPS

Population activity in the dorsal premotor cortex during a reach-selection task.
Cisek & Kalaska (2005).
Ability to estimate the
probability of interaction
Shaping behavioral
response

One uniform network for PPS or several specialized for different goals?
De Vignemont and Iannetti, 2015
They poposed a dual model of peripersonal space, based on a clear functional
distinction between bodily protectionand goal-directed action.

Hand blink reflex, HBR task – defensive PPS
Giandomenico Iannetti
Is there a common system or distinctive modality/related systems?
Sambo, 2012
PPS is a set of graded fields describing behavioural
relevance of actions aiming to create or avoid contact
between objects and the body
PSS is NOT a single, distance based dychotomic (in-or-out) zone !
Field here is a quantity that is
somehow distributed over space and
time

Run! AND Climb the tree
(1) PPS-related measures are not binary, but graded with proximity
(2) influenced by factors other than proximity,
(3) different PPS-related responses exist

Bufacchi 2018 journal_club_short

Earlier definitions of PPS do not work
Certain distance from the
body
Space of somatosensory-
nonsomatosensory
interaction
Representation of space
surrounding the body
Non-phisiological!
Circular!
Difficult to interpret modifications
and different measures!

PPS-related measures are not binary, but graded with proximity
Influenced by factors other than proximity
Different PPS-related responses exist
PPS is a set of fields of behavioural relevance
My final remark: how to dissociate?
Different overlapping fields
or
One field of probability of interaction
(but different actions are modified by it
differently depending on the context)
We modify one « field » and probe the others!
for actions related to the physical contact.

Tool use affects multisensory PPS.
Does it change defensive PPS?
Blocked physical contact affects defensive PPS.
Does it affect mutisenory-interaction in the bloked area?
If there is an inter-domain transfer it is likely that responses are
embedded in the general system of prediction of intaraction

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Bufacchi 2018 journal_club_short

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