Cancers
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Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the country. There are many types of cancer that affect different organs in different ways. Lung, colon, breast, prostate, and bladder cancers cause the most deaths locally. The risk of cancer increases with age and is influenced by lifestyle factors like tobacco and alcohol use. Deprivation and ethnicity can also impact cancer rates, diagnoses, and outcomes, though the relationships are complex.
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Cancer is not one disease but many types with different characteristics. There are over 200 identified cancer types. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth and spread through the body. The global incidence of cancer is rising due to risk factors like lifestyle changes and aging populations. Common cancers worldwide include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. Cancer development involves mutations that allow cells to evade controls on growth and survival.CANCER
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Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth and the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It can affect people of all ages. There are over 200 types of cancer that affect humans. The main treatments for cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, survival rates vary greatly depending on the type and stage of cancer when diagnosed and treated. Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for cancer patients, rather than cure the cancer itself.HIV associated cancers and related diseases, NEJM 2018
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1) Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Barnet and the UK. There are many types of cancer that impact different organs. Lung, colon/rectum, breast and prostate cancers cause the most deaths in Barnet based on 2004-2007 data.
2) Risk factors for cancer include tobacco use, alcohol intake, diet, obesity and family history. Screening programs have helped reduce cancer mortality through earlier detection.
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1) In 2003, cancer was the second leading cause of death in the US, accounting for over 556,000 deaths.
2) Cancer death rates have declined, with the rates in 2002 being lower than in 1930 for both men and women.
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2) Critics argue that choice in healthcare can undermine universal coverage by making healthcare contingent on ability to pay rather than need.
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- Major risk factors for cancer include tobacco use, chronic infections, alcohol, diet, obesity, radiation, and genetic factors.
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2) Risk factors for cancer include tobacco use, alcohol intake, diet, obesity and family history. Screening programs have helped reduce cancer mortality through earlier detection.
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Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States. Some key points from the document:
1) In 2003, cancer was the second leading cause of death in the US, accounting for over 556,000 deaths.
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- They found that higher ratios of primary care physicians were associated with lower mortality rates for total, heart disease, and cancer mortality. However, higher ratios of specialist physicians showed no improvement or even higher mortality rates.
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The document discusses the significant inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and its impact on public health, emphasizing variations in life expectancy linked to socio-economic conditions. It outlines the WHO's recommendations to improve daily living conditions, address the unequal distribution of resources, and emphasize measurement and understanding of CVD issues. The analysis highlights that high-risk strategies may exacerbate socio-economic disparities, while population-wide interventions tend to reduce inequalities in CVD mortality.How early childhood experience determines our health
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Respiratory DiseaseJulie Pal
油
COPD is a significant health risk in the UK, affecting over 900,000 diagnosed people. Rates are higher among men but are becoming more equal as smoking rates among women increase. Death from COPD typically occurs in later life, between ages 40-90, with a 30-50 year lag between starting smoking and death. While men have reduced smoking more over time, women's rates remained high until the 1970s, so more women may die from COPD in the coming years. Respiratory disease is linked to deprivation, with higher hospitalization rates in more deprived areas where smoking is also more common. Reducing smoking, influenza vaccination, and pulmonary rehabilitation are key to reducing respiratory disease burden.PSI Predicting Need
PSI Predicting NeedJulie Pal
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Disabled people in Barnet experience poorer life outcomes than non-disabled people. There are over 13,000 households that require support for physical disabilities and over 1,800 people require daily living assistance for neurological conditions. Barnet has adopted a social model of disability that focuses on inclusion, rights, choice and access to mainstream services rather than specialized care. Key priorities include increasing individualized budgets and partnerships with housing agencies. Barnet is also working to improve rehabilitation access and increase community-based therapy and vocational support.Pressures On Hospital Service Provision
Pressures On Hospital Service ProvisionJulie Pal
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Current pressures on hospital services include a focus on prevention over cure, ensuring resources achieve the best outcomes. Acute activity has often exceeded funding growth, exacerbated by 18-week target investments and increased referrals due to shorter waits. Evidence shows many emergency department visits and admissions could be avoided with proactive community care for long-term illnesses. Changes to doctor working hours require an unrealistic number of new hires to maintain service levels at two local hospitals, and regulations threaten accident and emergency and maternity/pediatric services. Specialized hospital treatment is best provided in specialist centers for serious illnesses.Personal Dignity And Respect
Personal Dignity And RespectJulie Pal
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The document discusses personal dignity, respect, abuse, and neglect of vulnerable adults receiving social care services. It notes that abuse negatively impacts health and independence. The local authority is responsible for establishing a multi-agency partnership to lead on safeguarding adults and ensure they can live free from abuse. In 2007/08 there were 258 safeguarding referrals in Barnet, coming mostly from health services. Referral rates in Barnet have been lower than expected but are increasing with improved safeguarding arrangements.Pallative Care
Pallative CareJulie Pal
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Barnet has a population of around 2,400 people who die each year, with most preferring to die at home but still passing away in hospitals. When end of life care is unavailable in the community, patients are more likely to be admitted to hospitals, with 11% of emergency admissions and 21% of bed days due to patients in their last year of life. While some progress has been made, only 16% of Barnet deaths occurred at home compared to the national average of 19%. Palliative care services in Barnet provide high quality care but are fragmented and uncoordinated between different providers. Feedback confirms the experience can be inconsistent and rely on patients advocating for themselves.Older People Predicting Need
Older People Predicting NeedJulie Pal
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1) The 80+ population in the borough is projected to rise 13% over the next decade, with particularly large increases expected in the 90+ age group (46% rise) and 40-54 age group (25% rise).
2) Differences in projected population changes are explained by variations in birth rates during wartime periods and pandemics when different age groups were born.
3) Targeted outreach can help older people claim additional benefits to reduce issues like depression, poor nutrition, and social isolation often linked to low income.Obesity
ObesityJulie Pal
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Obesity rates have been rising nationally, with over 40% of men and 30% of women overweight or obese by 2002. If current trends continue, there will be over 12 million obese adults and 1 million obese children by 2010. Obesity increases the risk of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Childhood obesity is also rising, and is difficult to address as children depend on adults to guide healthy eating and exercise. Targets aim to reduce the annual rise in childhood obesity rates. Key actions needed include expanding family services, targeting at-risk groups, and establishing referral systems for healthcare professionals.MRSA
MRSAJulie Pal
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics. MRSA can cause infections in wounds, ulcers, intravenous lines, lungs, and the bloodstream. The Healthcare Commission assesses UK hospitals on infection control standards including MRSA rates. Data on three London hospitals from 2005-2008 shows declining MRSA infection numbers, with rates dropping below targets over time at two hospitals and reaching zero at one hospital by 2007-2008.Miscellaneous
MiscellaneousJulie Pal
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Immunisation is one of the most effective ways to improve public health next to clean drinking water. While smallpox has been eradicated through immunization, other infectious diseases remain threats. The only way to protect against avoidable death and complications from diseases is through high immunization rates in the population. Barnet faces the risk of a measles epidemic as immunization rates, particularly for MMR, have fallen below the required safety levels. Key activities to increase rates include improving record accuracy, strengthening reminder systems, providing immunizations in various community locations, and promoting immunization through community leaders and education.Mental Health Predicting Need
Mental Health Predicting NeedJulie Pal
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Risk factors for mental illness include socioeconomic disadvantage, homelessness, unemployment, poor education, minority status, and being a lone or teenage parent. The number of people with mental illness in Barnet is expected to rise 11% by 2025, with levels differing between localities. People with mental illness are less likely to be employed and financially independent, and those who do work face discrimination from employers and higher risks of losing their jobs. Poor mental and physical health are linked, as people with mental illnesses like schizophrenia face higher mortality rates from various health conditions. Addressing the social determinants of mental health like poverty, housing, and lifestyle factors can help improve outcomes.Mental Ill Health
Mental Ill HealthJulie Pal
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Various social and demographic factors can influence mental illness, including deprivation, unemployment, and ethnicity. An estimated 16,573 adults in Barnet have mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, while 10,457 have generalized anxiety disorder. Death rates from mental disorders in Barnet are relatively low, but the number of people with dementia is expected to increase significantly in coming years due to an aging population. Risk factors for mental illness like smoking are more prevalent in those with mental health problems, contributing to higher rates of physical illness and early death.Ad