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Cape kaliakra moments 2015 interview bulgaria

Micologia Forestal & Aplicada
Micologia Forestal & Aplicada

Interview to Marcos Morcillo about truffles and truffle farming in Bulgaria.

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舒从 舒 亰舒仗舒仍亳亠 仗仂 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠仂 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳? 舒舒仍仆亳 仄仆仂亞仂 仂弍亳舒仄亠 亟舒 弍亠亠仄 亞弍亳, 于从仍- 亳亠仍仆仂 ﾑ亠仍亳. 亠 仂 亟亠亠 仂亟亳亠仍亳亠 亳 亠 舒 从仂亳 亞弍亳 舒 磲仍亳于亳 亳 从仂亳 仂仂于仆亳. 磲仂 仄亳 亳仄舒亠 仗亳亠仍, 于亠亠仆亳从 于 亠亟仆仂 亠仍亠, 从仂亶仂 弍亠亠 舒 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 于 亳仂仆舒 仂亟仆亳 仄亳 亞舒亟. 仂亞舒仂 亰舒于亳 弍亳仂仍仂亞亳, 亰舒仗仂仆舒 仗仂于舒仆亳 从舒从 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 亟亳于亳 亞弍亳, 从舒仂 仄舒仆舒舒从亳 亳 ﾑ亠仍亳. 弌亠亞舒 从仂于仂亟 亳亰仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍从亳 亠从亳仗, 从仂亶仂 亠 亰舒仆亳仄舒于舒 仂亰亳 于仗仂. 舒亰从舒亢亠亠 仆亳 仗仂于亠亠 亰舒 仗仂亠舒 仆舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳? 丐ﾑ亠仍亳亠 舒 仗仍仂亟仆仂仂 磿仂 仆舒 亞弍亳, 从仂亳仂 亳 - 亢亳亠仍于舒 从仂亠仆亳亠 仆舒 仆磻仂亳 亟于亠舒, 仆舒仗. 仍亠从舒 亳 亟弍, 仂 从仂亳仂 亠仗 亰舒舒 亳 于亳舒仄亳仆亳. 弌亢亳亠仍于仂仂 亟于亠舒舒 亠 亳仄弍亳仂亳仆仂, 亶 从舒仂 亳 亠 仗仂仄舒亞舒 仆舒 舒亠亢舒 仆舒 亟于亠舒舒. 舒 亟舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仄亠 ﾑ亠仍亳, 磡于舒 亟舒 亰舒舒亟亳仄 亟于亠舒, 亳亳仂 从仂亠仆亳 舒 从仂仍仂仆亳亰亳舒仆亳 ﾑ亠仍亳 仗亳 从仂仆- 仂仍亳舒仆亳 仍仂于亳 于 亠亳仍仆亳 舒亰舒亟仆亳亳. 仂-从仆仂 亠亰亳 亟于亠舒 亠 亰舒舒亢亟舒 仆舒 仄亠舒 仗仂亟仂亟舒 134 Marcos S. Morcillo is a smiling Catalan with a Degree in Biology from the Uni- versity of Barcelona. His main study area was to develop new techniques to inoculate truffles and other edible mycorrhizal mushrooms directly on mature trees. He is the director of a private research centre specialised in truffles, where he has developed mycorhizal mushroom management projects for over 20 countries. In February, he was on a short visit to Bulgaria and kindly answered a few questions. How did you get interested in the truffles business? In Catalonia we love wild mushroom gathering, including truffles. Since you are a kid your grandparents teach you which mushrooms are edible and which ones poisonous. My grandfather had a friend, who was a priest of a small village, and this man was a truffle hunter in Girona, my hometown.When I obtained my degree in biology, I started doing research on how to cultivate wild edible mushrooms, like porcini and truffles. Nowadays, I lead a research team on this topic. Please, tell our readers about the process of growing truffles? Truffles are the fruit body of fungi that live associated with the roots of some trees, like hazel and oak, from where they take sugar and vitamins. They live in symbiosis with the trees, so help the tree to grow as well. For farming truffles, we need to plant trees whose roots have been colonized Connoisseurs menu Marcos S. Morcillo The truffle grower 舒从仂 弌. 仂亳亶仂 亠 仄亳仆舒 从舒舒仍仆亠 亟亳仗仍仂仄舒 仗仂 弍亳仂仍仂亞亳 仂 舒亠仍仂仆从亳 仆亳于亠亳亠. 仂于舒仆亳舒 仄 舒 于亰舒仆亳 仂从亳于舒仆亠仂 仆舒 仄亠仂亟亳 亰舒 仗亳舒亢亟舒- 仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 亳 亟亞亳 仄亳从仂亳亰仆亳 亞弍亳 亟亳亠从仆仂 从仄 从仂亠仆亳亠 仆舒 亟于亠舒. 舒从仂 亠 亟亳亠从仂 仆舒 舒亠仆 亳亰仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍从亳 亠仆, 从亟亠仂 亠 舒亰舒- 弍仂亳仍 仗仂亠从亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 仄亳从仂亳亰仆亳 亞弍亳 于 仆舒亟 20 舒仆亳. 亠亰 亠于舒亳 仂亶 弍亠亠 仆舒 从舒从仂 仗仂亠亠仆亳亠 于 仍亞舒亳 亳 弍亠亠 仍ﾐ頴黍経黍 亟舒 仂亞仂于仂亳 仆舒 仆磻仂仍从仂 于仗仂舒.
135 仗仂于舒 亳 从仍亳仄舒 从舒仂于亳 仗仂于亳 pH 7,0-8,5, 亟仂弍舒 从仂仆亳亠仆仆仂, 仆亳从仂 亟亢舒仆亳亠 仆舒 亞仍亳仆舒 亳 仂仍亳- 亠仆 亟亠仆舒亢, 舒 从仍亳仄舒 磡于舒 亟舒 亠 亠亟亳亰亠仄仆仂仄仂从亳 亰舒 亠仆亳 ﾑ亠仍 亳 仄舒仍从仂 仗仂-仍舒亟亠仆 亰舒 弍- 亞仆亟从亳. 丐ﾑ亠仍亳亠 亰舒仗仂于舒 亟舒 亟舒于舒 仗仍仂亟 仗仂亟 亠亰亳 亟于亠舒 仍亠亟 5 亟仂 8 亞仂亟亳- 仆亳, 从舒仂 仆舒亶-于亳仂从 亟仂弍亳于 亠 仗仂仍舒于舒 10-12 亞仂亟亳仆亳 仍亠亟 亰舒舒亢亟舒仆亠仂. 舒仂 ﾑ亠仍亳亠 舒 仂仍从仂于舒 从仗亳? 仂亳亰于仂亟于仂仂 亠 仆亠亟仂舒仆仂 59 仂仆舒 亠仆亳 ﾑ亠仍亳 仆舒 亞仂亟亳仆舒 亰舒 磿舒 于仂仗舒 仗亳 亠仆亠 亰舒 仆舒亟 1000 仂仆舒. 90% 仂 ﾑ亠仍亳亠 于亠 仂亠 舒 亟亳于仂舒亳, 弍亳舒仆亳 仗仂仄仂舒 仆舒 仂弍亠仆亳 从亠舒, 舒 仍亠亟 弍亳舒仆亠仂 亳仄 仆亠 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 舒仆磦舒 亟仍亞仂 亳 磡于舒 亟舒 亠 从仂仆仄亳舒 亟仂 10 亟仆亳. 舒亰从舒亢亠亠 仆亳 亰舒 仄亠亢亟仆舒仂亟仆亳亠 亳 仗仂亠从亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 亟于亠舒 ﾑ亠仍亳? 于亠舒 亳仄舒 仗亠 亠亞亳仂仆舒 亠亟亳- 亰亠仄仆仂仄仂从亳 从仍亳仄舒 舒仍亳仂仆亳, 丼亳仍亳, 豫亢仆舒 亳从舒 亳 于舒仍亳, 舒从舒 亠, 从舒仂 亠 舒亟舒仗亳舒 仗仂于亳- 亠, 舒仄 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 仆舒亳亠 亠仆亳 亳 弍亞仆亟从亳 ﾑ亠- 仍亳. 仄舒仄亠 仗仂亠从亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 于于 于亳从亳 亠亰亳 亠亞亳- 仂仆亳. 磻仂亳 仂 于亠亠 亳仄舒 仗亠, 从舒仂 仆舒仗亳仄亠 于舒仍亳, 从仂仂 仗仂亳亰于亠亟亠 8000 从亞 仄亳仆舒仍舒舒 亞仂亟亳仆舒. 舒弍亠仍亠亢亠亠, 亠 亠仆亳亠 ﾑ亠- 仍亳 亰亠 仗亠亰 亰亳仄舒舒, 舒从舒 亠 于 豫亢仆仂仂 仗仂仍从仍弍仂 亠 亠 弍亠舒 亳亰于仆 仆舒亳 亠亰仂仆 亳 舒从舒 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 亟仂舒于 仗亠仆亳 ﾑ亠仍亳 于 于仂仗舒 亳 弌乂 (亞仍舒于仆亳亠 亠仍亠于亳 仗舒亰舒亳), 从仂亞舒仂 舒仄 亠 仍仂. 从仂亳 舒亳 仆舒 于亠舒 亠 从仂仆仄亳舒 仆舒亶-仄仆仂亞仂 ﾑ亠仍亳? 个舒仆亳 亠 仆舒亶-亞仂仍亠仄亳 于仆仂亳亠仍, 舒 仂 亳 亠亟亳仆 仂 仆舒亶-亞仂仍亠仄亳亠 仗仂亳亰于仂亟亳亠仍亳. 弌乂 亳 舒亰亳舒从亳- 亠 舒仆亳 仂 亳仄舒 亟仂舒 亞仂仍礆仂 亠仆亠. 弌仍亠亟 仆磻仂仍从仂 亞仂亟亳仆亳 从仍- 亳于亳舒仆亳亠 ﾑ亠仍亳 亠 仗仂从亳 舒仂仂 亠仆亠, 亶 从舒仂 于 于仂仗舒 于亠亠 舒 亰舒舒亟亠仆亳 仆舒亟 30 000 亠从舒舒, 仆仂 仗仂于亠亠仂 仄仍舒亟亳 亟于亠- 舒 仂亠 仆亠 舒 仗仂亟从亳于仆亳. with the truffle under controlled con- ditions in sterile nurseries. Later these trees will be planted in 鍖elds with the right soil and climate limy loam soil with pH between 7.0-8.5, with nice texture, low clay content and excellent drainage, and Mediterranean climate for the black truffle and a little bit colder for the burgundy truffle. Truffles will start fruiting under these trees 5-8 years later, getting high yields 10-12 years after planting. What makes truffles so expensive? Production is insufficient 59 tones a year for the black truffle in the whole Europe, to supply a demand of over 1,000 tons. 90% of the truffles still come from the wild, harvested with trained dogs, and once gathered, they cannot be preserved for long and need to be consumed in 10 days. Tell us about your international projects for truffle tree production? There are 5 areas with a Mediterranean climate on the planet California, Chile, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, so - by adapting the soils, our black and burgundy truffles can be cultivated there. In all these areas we have projects to grow truffles. Some of them are already successful, for example Australia, which produced some 8,000 kilos last year. Note that black truffles come into fruit in winter, so in the Southern Hemisphere they are harvested out of our season, and thus fresh truffles can be supplied to Europe and the USA (the main target markets) during their summer. In which parts of the world truffle con- sumption is the highest? France is the biggest importer, and one of the main producers as well. USA and the Asian countries have quite a big demand. Farmed truffles will cover the rising demand in a few years, as over 30,000 hectares have already been planted in Europe, though most of the young orchards are still not productive. 丕仍仂于亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 于 仍亞舒亳 仍亞舒亳 亳仄舒 亞仂仍礆 仗仂亠仆亳舒仍 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳, 亶 从舒仂 从 舒舒 仆磻仂仍从仂 亟亳于亳 舒亰仆仂于亳亟仆仂亳. 舒 亠于亠 亳 于 亠仆仂仄仂从亳亠 舒亶仂仆亳 仆舒亶-舒亰- 仗仂舒仆亠仆 亠 弍亞仆亟从亳 ﾑ亠仍, 仆仂 亠亠仆 ﾑ亠仍 仄仂亢亠 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 亳 仆舒 仄亠舒, 从亟亠仂 亠亟仆舒舒 亠仄仗亠舒舒 仗亠亰 仆舒亶-亟亠仆亳亠 仄亠亠亳 亠 仆舒亟 1尊C. 丐ﾑ亠仍亳 弍亳舒仆亠仂 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 于 磿舒舒 舒仆舒, 仆舒亶-亟仂弍亠 仆舒 仗亠仍亳于亳 仗仂于亳.舒从仂 从舒亰舒, 仆舒亶-仗仂亟仂亟- 亳亠 仗亳亠仄仆亳 亟于亠舒 舒 亟弍 亳 仍亠从舒, 仆仂 亰舒 弍亞仆亟从亳 ﾑ亠仍 仄仂亢亠仄 亟舒 亳亰仗仂仍亰于舒仄亠 弍从, 亞舒弍 亳 亟. Conditions for truffles growing in Bulgaria Bulgaria has a great potential for farming truffles, as several species grow naturally. In the north and Black Sea areas the most common is the Burgundy truffle, but the black truffle can be cultivated as well in areas where the average temperature in the coldest month is over 1尊C. In almost all the country the bianchetto truffle can be cultivated, better in sandy loam soils.As I said, best host trees for producing black truffles are oaks and hazels, but for growing the Burgundy truffle we can use beech, hornbeam, etc.

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Cape kaliakra moments 2015 interview bulgaria

  • 1. 舒从 舒 亰舒仗舒仍亳亠 仗仂 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠仂 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳? 舒舒仍仆亳 仄仆仂亞仂 仂弍亳舒仄亠 亟舒 弍亠亠仄 亞弍亳, 于从仍- 亳亠仍仆仂 ﾑ亠仍亳. 亠 仂 亟亠亠 仂亟亳亠仍亳亠 亳 亠 舒 从仂亳 亞弍亳 舒 磲仍亳于亳 亳 从仂亳 仂仂于仆亳. 磲仂 仄亳 亳仄舒亠 仗亳亠仍, 于亠亠仆亳从 于 亠亟仆仂 亠仍亠, 从仂亶仂 弍亠亠 舒 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 于 亳仂仆舒 仂亟仆亳 仄亳 亞舒亟. 仂亞舒仂 亰舒于亳 弍亳仂仍仂亞亳, 亰舒仗仂仆舒 仗仂于舒仆亳 从舒从 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 亟亳于亳 亞弍亳, 从舒仂 仄舒仆舒舒从亳 亳 ﾑ亠仍亳. 弌亠亞舒 从仂于仂亟 亳亰仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍从亳 亠从亳仗, 从仂亶仂 亠 亰舒仆亳仄舒于舒 仂亰亳 于仗仂. 舒亰从舒亢亠亠 仆亳 仗仂于亠亠 亰舒 仗仂亠舒 仆舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳? 丐ﾑ亠仍亳亠 舒 仗仍仂亟仆仂仂 磿仂 仆舒 亞弍亳, 从仂亳仂 亳 - 亢亳亠仍于舒 从仂亠仆亳亠 仆舒 仆磻仂亳 亟于亠舒, 仆舒仗. 仍亠从舒 亳 亟弍, 仂 从仂亳仂 亠仗 亰舒舒 亳 于亳舒仄亳仆亳. 弌亢亳亠仍于仂仂 亟于亠舒舒 亠 亳仄弍亳仂亳仆仂, 亶 从舒仂 亳 亠 仗仂仄舒亞舒 仆舒 舒亠亢舒 仆舒 亟于亠舒舒. 舒 亟舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仄亠 ﾑ亠仍亳, 磡于舒 亟舒 亰舒舒亟亳仄 亟于亠舒, 亳亳仂 从仂亠仆亳 舒 从仂仍仂仆亳亰亳舒仆亳 ﾑ亠仍亳 仗亳 从仂仆- 仂仍亳舒仆亳 仍仂于亳 于 亠亳仍仆亳 舒亰舒亟仆亳亳. 仂-从仆仂 亠亰亳 亟于亠舒 亠 亰舒舒亢亟舒 仆舒 仄亠舒 仗仂亟仂亟舒 134 Marcos S. Morcillo is a smiling Catalan with a Degree in Biology from the Uni- versity of Barcelona. His main study area was to develop new techniques to inoculate truffles and other edible mycorrhizal mushrooms directly on mature trees. He is the director of a private research centre specialised in truffles, where he has developed mycorhizal mushroom management projects for over 20 countries. In February, he was on a short visit to Bulgaria and kindly answered a few questions. How did you get interested in the truffles business? In Catalonia we love wild mushroom gathering, including truffles. Since you are a kid your grandparents teach you which mushrooms are edible and which ones poisonous. My grandfather had a friend, who was a priest of a small village, and this man was a truffle hunter in Girona, my hometown.When I obtained my degree in biology, I started doing research on how to cultivate wild edible mushrooms, like porcini and truffles. Nowadays, I lead a research team on this topic. Please, tell our readers about the process of growing truffles? Truffles are the fruit body of fungi that live associated with the roots of some trees, like hazel and oak, from where they take sugar and vitamins. They live in symbiosis with the trees, so help the tree to grow as well. For farming truffles, we need to plant trees whose roots have been colonized Connoisseurs menu Marcos S. Morcillo The truffle grower 舒从仂 弌. 仂亳亶仂 亠 仄亳仆舒 从舒舒仍仆亠 亟亳仗仍仂仄舒 仗仂 弍亳仂仍仂亞亳 仂 舒亠仍仂仆从亳 仆亳于亠亳亠. 仂于舒仆亳舒 仄 舒 于亰舒仆亳 仂从亳于舒仆亠仂 仆舒 仄亠仂亟亳 亰舒 仗亳舒亢亟舒- 仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 亳 亟亞亳 仄亳从仂亳亰仆亳 亞弍亳 亟亳亠从仆仂 从仄 从仂亠仆亳亠 仆舒 亟于亠舒. 舒从仂 亠 亟亳亠从仂 仆舒 舒亠仆 亳亰仍亠亟仂于舒亠仍从亳 亠仆, 从亟亠仂 亠 舒亰舒- 弍仂亳仍 仗仂亠从亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 仄亳从仂亳亰仆亳 亞弍亳 于 仆舒亟 20 舒仆亳. 亠亰 亠于舒亳 仂亶 弍亠亠 仆舒 从舒从仂 仗仂亠亠仆亳亠 于 仍亞舒亳 亳 弍亠亠 仍ﾐ頴黍経黍 亟舒 仂亞仂于仂亳 仆舒 仆磻仂仍从仂 于仗仂舒.
  • 2. 135 仗仂于舒 亳 从仍亳仄舒 从舒仂于亳 仗仂于亳 pH 7,0-8,5, 亟仂弍舒 从仂仆亳亠仆仆仂, 仆亳从仂 亟亢舒仆亳亠 仆舒 亞仍亳仆舒 亳 仂仍亳- 亠仆 亟亠仆舒亢, 舒 从仍亳仄舒 磡于舒 亟舒 亠 亠亟亳亰亠仄仆仂仄仂从亳 亰舒 亠仆亳 ﾑ亠仍 亳 仄舒仍从仂 仗仂-仍舒亟亠仆 亰舒 弍- 亞仆亟从亳. 丐ﾑ亠仍亳亠 亰舒仗仂于舒 亟舒 亟舒于舒 仗仍仂亟 仗仂亟 亠亰亳 亟于亠舒 仍亠亟 5 亟仂 8 亞仂亟亳- 仆亳, 从舒仂 仆舒亶-于亳仂从 亟仂弍亳于 亠 仗仂仍舒于舒 10-12 亞仂亟亳仆亳 仍亠亟 亰舒舒亢亟舒仆亠仂. 舒仂 ﾑ亠仍亳亠 舒 仂仍从仂于舒 从仗亳? 仂亳亰于仂亟于仂仂 亠 仆亠亟仂舒仆仂 59 仂仆舒 亠仆亳 ﾑ亠仍亳 仆舒 亞仂亟亳仆舒 亰舒 磿舒 于仂仗舒 仗亳 亠仆亠 亰舒 仆舒亟 1000 仂仆舒. 90% 仂 ﾑ亠仍亳亠 于亠 仂亠 舒 亟亳于仂舒亳, 弍亳舒仆亳 仗仂仄仂舒 仆舒 仂弍亠仆亳 从亠舒, 舒 仍亠亟 弍亳舒仆亠仂 亳仄 仆亠 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 舒仆磦舒 亟仍亞仂 亳 磡于舒 亟舒 亠 从仂仆仄亳舒 亟仂 10 亟仆亳. 舒亰从舒亢亠亠 仆亳 亰舒 仄亠亢亟仆舒仂亟仆亳亠 亳 仗仂亠从亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 亟于亠舒 ﾑ亠仍亳? 于亠舒 亳仄舒 仗亠 亠亞亳仂仆舒 亠亟亳- 亰亠仄仆仂仄仂从亳 从仍亳仄舒 舒仍亳仂仆亳, 丼亳仍亳, 豫亢仆舒 亳从舒 亳 于舒仍亳, 舒从舒 亠, 从舒仂 亠 舒亟舒仗亳舒 仗仂于亳- 亠, 舒仄 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 仆舒亳亠 亠仆亳 亳 弍亞仆亟从亳 ﾑ亠- 仍亳. 仄舒仄亠 仗仂亠从亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 于于 于亳从亳 亠亰亳 亠亞亳- 仂仆亳. 磻仂亳 仂 于亠亠 亳仄舒 仗亠, 从舒仂 仆舒仗亳仄亠 于舒仍亳, 从仂仂 仗仂亳亰于亠亟亠 8000 从亞 仄亳仆舒仍舒舒 亞仂亟亳仆舒. 舒弍亠仍亠亢亠亠, 亠 亠仆亳亠 ﾑ亠- 仍亳 亰亠 仗亠亰 亰亳仄舒舒, 舒从舒 亠 于 豫亢仆仂仂 仗仂仍从仍弍仂 亠 亠 弍亠舒 亳亰于仆 仆舒亳 亠亰仂仆 亳 舒从舒 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 亟仂舒于 仗亠仆亳 ﾑ亠仍亳 于 于仂仗舒 亳 弌乂 (亞仍舒于仆亳亠 亠仍亠于亳 仗舒亰舒亳), 从仂亞舒仂 舒仄 亠 仍仂. 从仂亳 舒亳 仆舒 于亠舒 亠 从仂仆仄亳舒 仆舒亶-仄仆仂亞仂 ﾑ亠仍亳? 个舒仆亳 亠 仆舒亶-亞仂仍亠仄亳 于仆仂亳亠仍, 舒 仂 亳 亠亟亳仆 仂 仆舒亶-亞仂仍亠仄亳亠 仗仂亳亰于仂亟亳亠仍亳. 弌乂 亳 舒亰亳舒从亳- 亠 舒仆亳 仂 亳仄舒 亟仂舒 亞仂仍礆仂 亠仆亠. 弌仍亠亟 仆磻仂仍从仂 亞仂亟亳仆亳 从仍- 亳于亳舒仆亳亠 ﾑ亠仍亳 亠 仗仂从亳 舒仂仂 亠仆亠, 亶 从舒仂 于 于仂仗舒 于亠亠 舒 亰舒舒亟亠仆亳 仆舒亟 30 000 亠从舒舒, 仆仂 仗仂于亠亠仂 仄仍舒亟亳 亟于亠- 舒 仂亠 仆亠 舒 仗仂亟从亳于仆亳. with the truffle under controlled con- ditions in sterile nurseries. Later these trees will be planted in 鍖elds with the right soil and climate limy loam soil with pH between 7.0-8.5, with nice texture, low clay content and excellent drainage, and Mediterranean climate for the black truffle and a little bit colder for the burgundy truffle. Truffles will start fruiting under these trees 5-8 years later, getting high yields 10-12 years after planting. What makes truffles so expensive? Production is insufficient 59 tones a year for the black truffle in the whole Europe, to supply a demand of over 1,000 tons. 90% of the truffles still come from the wild, harvested with trained dogs, and once gathered, they cannot be preserved for long and need to be consumed in 10 days. Tell us about your international projects for truffle tree production? There are 5 areas with a Mediterranean climate on the planet California, Chile, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, so - by adapting the soils, our black and burgundy truffles can be cultivated there. In all these areas we have projects to grow truffles. Some of them are already successful, for example Australia, which produced some 8,000 kilos last year. Note that black truffles come into fruit in winter, so in the Southern Hemisphere they are harvested out of our season, and thus fresh truffles can be supplied to Europe and the USA (the main target markets) during their summer. In which parts of the world truffle con- sumption is the highest? France is the biggest importer, and one of the main producers as well. USA and the Asian countries have quite a big demand. Farmed truffles will cover the rising demand in a few years, as over 30,000 hectares have already been planted in Europe, though most of the young orchards are still not productive. 丕仍仂于亳 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳 于 仍亞舒亳 仍亞舒亳 亳仄舒 亞仂仍礆 仗仂亠仆亳舒仍 亰舒 仂亞仍亠亢亟舒仆亠 仆舒 ﾑ亠仍亳, 亶 从舒仂 从 舒舒 仆磻仂仍从仂 亟亳于亳 舒亰仆仂于亳亟仆仂亳. 舒 亠于亠 亳 于 亠仆仂仄仂从亳亠 舒亶仂仆亳 仆舒亶-舒亰- 仗仂舒仆亠仆 亠 弍亞仆亟从亳 ﾑ亠仍, 仆仂 亠亠仆 ﾑ亠仍 仄仂亢亠 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 亳 仆舒 仄亠舒, 从亟亠仂 亠亟仆舒舒 亠仄仗亠舒舒 仗亠亰 仆舒亶-亟亠仆亳亠 仄亠亠亳 亠 仆舒亟 1尊C. 丐ﾑ亠仍亳 弍亳舒仆亠仂 仄仂亞舒 亟舒 亠 从仍亳于亳舒 于 磿舒舒 舒仆舒, 仆舒亶-亟仂弍亠 仆舒 仗亠仍亳于亳 仗仂于亳.舒从仂 从舒亰舒, 仆舒亶-仗仂亟仂亟- 亳亠 仗亳亠仄仆亳 亟于亠舒 舒 亟弍 亳 仍亠从舒, 仆仂 亰舒 弍亞仆亟从亳 ﾑ亠仍 仄仂亢亠仄 亟舒 亳亰仗仂仍亰于舒仄亠 弍从, 亞舒弍 亳 亟. Conditions for truffles growing in Bulgaria Bulgaria has a great potential for farming truffles, as several species grow naturally. In the north and Black Sea areas the most common is the Burgundy truffle, but the black truffle can be cultivated as well in areas where the average temperature in the coldest month is over 1尊C. In almost all the country the bianchetto truffle can be cultivated, better in sandy loam soils.As I said, best host trees for producing black truffles are oaks and hazels, but for growing the Burgundy truffle we can use beech, hornbeam, etc.