Carcinogenesis
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Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. Cancer develops through progressive genetic and epigenetic changes that cause cells to multiply uncontrollably. Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer and can include radiation, certain occupations, viruses, and genes. Cancer is characterized by metastasis, angiogenesis, clonal origin, rapid proliferation, and insensitivity to growth signals. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy medicines.
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Carcinogenesis
- 2. Carcinogenesis It is the process by which normal cell are transformed into cancer sell Cancer Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cell in the body.cancer develops when the body's normal control mechanism stop working It's caused by the progressive changes at cellular genetic and epigenetic level that ultimately reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled cell division to form a malignant mass
- 3. Characters of cancer 1. Metastasis Cancer spread on others part of the body 2. Angiogenesis In tumour makes blood vessels which requires of oxygen and nutrients 3.Clonal origin Dublication of same cell 4.Proliferate rapidly Cells division rapidly 5.Insensitivity to growth signals VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor)
- 4. Carcinogen Carcinogen are the substances which causes cancer 1. Radiation induced cancer Up to 10 % of cancer are related to radiation exposure including both ionising and non ionising Radiation exposure ---- Leukaemia Radon predominantly cause----Lung Cancer Iodine 131---- Thyroid cancer Ionising radiation---- Skin cancer
- 5. 2. Occupational cancer Cancer Source Examples Bladder Kidney Larynx Leukaemia Benzidine Cadmium Asbestos Formaldehyde Textile industry Metal working Petroleum Rubber manufacturing
- 6. 3.Oncovirus Virus Associated cancer Hipatitis 'B' Hepatocarcinoma Hepatitis 'C' HPV (human papilloma virus) Hepatocarcinoma Cancer of Cervix, vulva, vagina Epstein Barr virus Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- 7. 4. Gene linked to the cancer The genes which contribute to cause cancer are! A. Tumor suppressor gene Mutation in BRCA-I BRCA-II Women breast cancer B. Oncogene Proto-oncogene Oncogene Mutation Viral infection Oncogene produces oncoprotien which cause tumor Two common oncogene are HER RAS Found in breast and ovarian Cell growth or death
- 8. 5.Bacteria H pylori cause Adenocarcinoma 6. Food and drink linked to the cancer Consumption of alcohol develope Head Neck Liver Breast Cholesterol Cancer
- 9. Treatment 1. Surgery 2. Radiotherapy 3. Medicines E.g. vincristine (Leukaemia) Podophyllotoxin (HPV infection 4. Methotrexate Breast, lung cancer
- 10. Thank you