Chapter 10 sharks skates and rays
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This document summarizes key characteristics of vertebrates like fish, sharks, skates, and rays. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and internal skeletons, compared to invertebrates. Within fish, it distinguishes primitive jawless fish from sharks and rays that have cartilage skeletons and jaws. It provides details on sharks' streamlined bodies, sensing abilities, reproduction, and need to constantly swim due to their density. Skates and rays are described as flattened like stingrays with different swimming and reproductive behaviors.
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Here are a few methods a scientist could use to determine the population density of barnacle species on a dock post:
1. Count the number of individual barnacles within a defined area on the post (e.g. within a 1 square foot quadrat) and extrapolate the total number per post based on the surface area. This direct count method provides an estimate of density.
2. Weigh a sample of barnacles scraped from a defined area. Compare the wet or dry mass to samples of known densities to estimate individuals per unit area.
3. Take photographic images of sample areas and use image analysis software to automatically count and identify barnacles based on size, shape, color. This provides a repeatable quantitative measureEchinoderms
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This document provides information about bony fishes, including:
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Here are a few methods a scientist could use to determine the population density of barnacle species on the dock post:
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2. Take photographs of defined areas on the post and count the barnacles visible in the photos back in the lab. Extrapolate totals as above.
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2. Important historical schemes for classifying fishes were proposed by scientists such as Berg in 1940, who grouped fishes based on characteristics like jaw structure, fin morphology, scale type and vertebral structure.
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if your doing fish dissection and need some anatomical information then go through my slides.
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Here are a few methods a scientist could use to determine the population density of barnacle species on the dock post:
1. Count the number of individual barnacles within a defined area on the post (e.g. within a 1 square foot quadrat) and extrapolate the total population based on the total surface area of the post.
2. Take photographs of defined areas on the post and count the barnacles visible in the photos back in the lab. Extrapolate totals as above.
3. Carefully scrape off all the barnacles from a defined area and count directly to determine density for that area. Extrapolate as above.
4. Use image analysis software to process high resolution photos of the post surfaceMollusca Notes
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油
The document summarizes the phylum Mollusca. It is divided into four main classes: Gastropoda which includes snails and slugs, Bivalvia which includes clams and mussels, Cephalopoda which includes squid and octopus, and Polyplacophora which includes chitons. Molluscs are soft-bodied animals with bilateral symmetry and most secrete an external shell. They live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats and have well-developed organ systems including digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.Mollusks & annelid worms
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油
The document discusses the class Chondrichthyes, which includes cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, rays, and skates. Key characteristics include a cartilaginous skeleton, placoid scales, ventral mouth and nostrils, jaws, paired appendages, and male claspers. The class contains two subclasses: Elasmobranchii containing sharks and rays/skates, and Holocephali containing chimaeras. Elasmobranchii have a four-chambered heart and seasonal reproduction cycles, while Holocephali have smaller mouths bounded by three lips and tooth plates instead of scales.Arthropods & echinoderms
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- Urochordata and Cephalochordata are two phylums that make up the subphylum Chordata. They share four defining characteristics with all chordates: a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and an early tail.
- As larvae, both urochordates and cephalochordates display these chordate traits but urochordates lose many during metamorphosis while cephalochordates retain them as adults. Cephalochordates are also known as lancelets.
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This document provides information about sharks, skates, and rays (Chondrichthyes). It discusses their habitats in temperate and cold, deep waters. It describes how they hunt and feed near coastal areas. The document also outlines the evolution of Chondrichthyes, noting their appearance in the Devonian period and placoderm ancestors. Key adaptations like cartilage skeletons, spiral valves, and specialized jaws are also summarized.Phylum Chordata- Sub Phylum Vertebrata- Class Chondrichthyes By: Al-John Ahmad
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油
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The phylum Mollusca includes soft-bodied animals with shells, including gastropods, bivalves, polyplacophora, and cephalopods. They have bilateral symmetry, triploblastic bodies with three germ layers, and a coelom body cavity. Their basic body plan includes a foot, mantle, visceral mass, and sometimes a shell. They have complete digestive and open or closed circulatory systems. Most reproduce sexually but some can reproduce asexually. They have nerves, ganglia, and eyespots or advanced eyes. They respire and excrete through gills, nephridia, and an anus. Molluscs fill diverse ecological rolesMullusk
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油
Mollusks are a diverse phylum of soft-bodied animals that usually have an external or internal shell. They include snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses. The basic body plan of mollusks consists of a foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass. The three main classes of mollusks are gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods. Gastropods are shelled or shell-less mollusks that move using a foot, while bivalves have two shells held together by muscles. Cephalopods like squid and octopus have a head attached to a muscular foot that is modified into tentacles.Classification of fishes
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油
Classification of Fishes can be summarized as follows:
1. Fishes are classified based on their anatomical features and placed in a systematic hierarchy ranging from superclass to species. Some key groups include chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes like sharks), osteichthyes (bony fishes), actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes).
2. Important historical schemes for classifying fishes were proposed by scientists such as Berg in 1940, who grouped fishes based on characteristics like jaw structure, fin morphology, scale type and vertebral structure.
3. Major fish groups discussed inFish anatomy and physilogy
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油
if your doing fish dissection and need some anatomical information then go through my slides.
in this i have written fish anatomy with its physiological implications 17. Class Chondrichthyes Notes
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油
Class Chondrichthyes includes cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and skates. They have skeletons made of cartilage and possess movable jaws and teeth. Their skin is rough and sandpaper-like, made of scales with the same composition as teeth. Sharks have been largely unchanged for over 100 million years. The largest predatory fish ever was the ancient megalodon shark, which was twice the size of a great white shark.13.1 john and spencer
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油
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油
Mollusks are soft-bodied invertebrates that mostly have shells covering their bodies. They have complex organ systems and three main body parts: a muscular foot, mantle, and visceral mass containing internal organs. There are three main classes of mollusks: gastropods with one shell, bivalves with two attached shells, and cephalopods with an internal skeleton. Many mollusk species are used as food sources for humans while others like golden kuhol have become agricultural pests. Certain species can also transmit diseases.Chordate classes
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油
The document summarizes the key characteristics of the major vertebrate classes: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia. It describes their distinguishing features such as respiration, circulation, fertilization, eggs/young, metabolism, skin/covering, and other defining traits. The classes generally increase in complexity from jawless fish to mammals, with mammals exhibiting the most advanced adaptations including fur/hair, mammary glands, and internal gestation/live birth.Phylum Chordata- Sub Phylum Vertebrata- Class Chondrichthyes By: Al-John Ahmad
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Fishes Zoology ReportAzenith Matutina
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The first vertebrates were jawless fishlike animals that appeared over 500 million years ago. They had cartilaginous internal skeletons. Ostracoderms had bony armor. Early vertebrates evolved in both marine and freshwater environments. Modern fish classes include cartilaginous Chondrichthyes like sharks and bony Osteichthyes including Sarcopterygii with lungs and Actinopterygii with ray fins, including most common fish species.Mollusks%20bivalves%3agastro[1]![Mollusks%20bivalves%3agastro[1]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mollusks20bivalves3agastro1-120203103120-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
Mollusks%20bivalves%3agastro[1]kleinkea
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The document summarizes two classes of mollusks - Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Gastropoda includes snails, limpets and slugs. Their body plan includes a head foot, visceral mass and mantle. They undergo a process called torsion which twists their organs and benefits protection and sensitivity. Bivalvia includes clams, oysters and mussels. Their defining feature is having two halves to their shell called valves. They filter feed using cilia and rely on water currents for food and oxygen exchange. Many mollusks are threatened by human impacts like overharvesting, pollution and habitat loss.evolution of mammals by davendran
evolution of mammals by davendranDavendran Narayan
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Mammals evolved from synapsid ancestors during the Mesozoic era. The earliest mammals had specialized teeth, small bodies, and various skeletal adaptations including differentiated dentition. The three main modern mammal groups are monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. Key mammalian adaptations include hair, three middle ear bones derived from jaw bones, and a four-chambered heart and diaphragm. Mammals exhibit diverse diets, habitats, and locomotion across nearly 4000 living species.The Origin of Vertebrates
The Origin of VertebratesJessabeth Aluba
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This document summarizes the evolution of vertebrates from their earliest ancestors to modern forms. It describes the key traits that unite each major group, from non-vertebrate chordates like tunicates and lancelets, to the earliest jawless fish like hagfish and lampreys, to jawed fish groups like sharks and bony fish. It outlines the major transitions from marine to freshwater habitats and the evolutionary innovations in skeletal and sensory systems that occurred in the main vertebrate lineages over 500 million years.Fishes
Fishesjdrinks
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This document discusses chordates and vertebrates. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and belong to the phylum chordata. It also describes two other chordate groups, lancelets and tunicates. Key characteristics of chordates include having a tail, nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and notochord. The document then focuses on characteristics of vertebrates like their backbone and skull. It classifies vertebrates as either warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Finally, it outlines the three classes of fish and characteristics like breathing with gills and reproduction through external fertilization.U nit 6 vertebrates (1)
U nit 6 vertebrates (1)Irene Santos Fraile
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This document provides an overview of vertebrates, including their key characteristics and how they are classified. It discusses the main groups of vertebrates - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. For each group, it describes physical features, temperature regulation, reproduction methods, and examples of common types. The largest sections are devoted to fish, amphibians, and reptiles, explaining their distinguishing attributes and subgroups in detail.Marine artopoda 2 -
Marine artopoda 2 -siddheshwar laddha
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This document summarizes the key marine arthropod classes. It describes their general characteristics including bilateral symmetry, exoskeleton, molting, digestion, and circulatory and nervous systems. The major classes included are Malacostraca, Branchiopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Pentastomida, and Cirripedia. These classes are distinguished by features like body plan, habitat, appendages, life cycle, and ecology.Joko re modified
Joko re modifiedAsikawili George
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The document discusses the comparative anatomy of the skeletal system across vertebrates. It provides details on the skeletal system of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The skeletal system evolved for support and movement on land. Key adaptations include the diapsid skull in reptiles and birds, fused bones and reduction of weight in birds, and the presence of both axial and appendicular skeleton in most vertebrate groups.CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES ANIMALS.pptx
CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES ANIMALS.pptxssuserd64ef8
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Vertebrates are animals that possess a vertebral column or notochord at some point in their life. They evolved from a common ancestor around 600 million years ago and include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless fishes. Vertebrates are classified into these 7 classes based on their anatomical and physiological features such as their skeleton, body temperature regulation, reproductive strategies, and more.Introduction to Animals
Introduction to AnimalsJohana Matta
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This document provides an introduction to invertebrates and vertebrates. It discusses the main groups of invertebrates including sponges, cnidarians, worms, mollusks, arthropods, and echinoderms. It then covers the key characteristics of chordates and vertebrates, including having a notochord, nerve cord, and throat pouches. It differentiates between ectotherms and endotherms based on temperature regulation. The document also discusses fast felines like cheetahs and how their body structure and muscles enable incredible speed. Finally, it covers how skeletons and muscles work together to support, protect, and enable animal movement.Bony fish
Bony fishLhen Katipunan
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Bony fish have a backbone, skull, brain and kidneys. They are classified into two main types - ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Ray-finned fish make up the majority of fish and have fins supported by bony rays, while lobe-finned fish have fleshy lobes supporting their fins. Bony fish display a variety of adaptations for respiration, circulation, buoyancy and sensory functions.A survery of kingdom animalia
A survery of kingdom animaliaPeter Egorov
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Chordates are classified into 3 subphyla: Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata. Cephalochordata and Urochordata are invertebrates while Vertebrata includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. All chordates share structures like a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and postanal tail. The subphylum Urochordata includes tunicates that are marine filter feeders while Cephalochordata includes lancelets that have elongated segmented bodies and retain their notochord. Vertebrates are distinguished by having a head, brain, vertebrae,Vertebrates
Vertebrateslegoscience
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This document describes the key characteristics of the major groups of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It outlines traits such as having backbones, lungs, amniotic eggs, feathers, fur and mammary glands. The document also provides examples of types of fish (jawless, cartilaginous, bony), amphibians (frogs, salamanders), reptiles (snakes, lizards, crocodiles), birds (chickens, ducks) and mammals (rodents, primates, ungulates).634199322-LAS-34-Vertebrates-Invertebrates-ppt.ppt
634199322-LAS-34-Vertebrates-Invertebrates-ppt.pptShefaCapuras1
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Vertebrates are animals with backbones and include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. They can be ectothermic (cold-blooded) or endothermic (warm-blooded). Invertebrates lack backbones and make up 97% of animal species, with bodies that have radial, bilateral, or asymmetric symmetry. They are divided into phyla including sponges, cnidarians, worms, arthropods like crustaceans and insects, mollusks, and echinoderms.More from kleinkea (20)
Session 4 calender
Session 4 calenderkleinkea
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This schedule outlines the week-by-week plan for a biology class focusing on arthropods, echinoderms, and fish. In the first week, students will take notes on arthropods and echinoderms, and participate in labs examining preserved specimens of these phyla. The second week involves dissecting starfish, analyzing lab results, and taking article-based and identification tests on echinoderms and arthropods. Later weeks shift to topics on fish, including their adaptations, building a model fish, quizzes, and a field trip to SeaWorld to observe aquatic life.C hapter 9 mollusks
C hapter 9 molluskskleinkea
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The document summarizes the three major classes of mollusks - Gastropoda (snails and slugs), Bivalvia (clams and oysters), and Cephalopoda (octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish). It describes their general body plans, anatomy, locomotion, digestion, respiration, reproduction, ecological roles, and adaptations for predation. Mollusks exhibit a diversity of forms and play important roles in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Marine science national invasive species week!!!!
Marine science national invasive species week!!!!kleinkea
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National Invasive Species Week is being celebrated, with students assigned to research and create a warning flyer about an invasive species in Florida. The Burmese python is highlighted as an example, with details provided that it is native to Southeast Asia but has been released in Florida, where it has no natural predators and is attacking wildlife in the Everglades. Students are warned to keep Burmese pythons in Asia and not buy exotic pets. The assignment is due by March 8th.Chapter 8 porfera cnardarians
Chapter 8 porfera cnardarianskleinkea
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This document summarizes key characteristics of sponges, cnidarians, and comb jellies. Sponges are sessile, multicellular organisms that filter feed and lack tissues. Cnidarians are radially symmetric and have stinging cells, with forms including polyps, jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. Comb jellies differ in having eight rows of comb plates with cilia for locomotion and lack stinging cells.Chapter 7 multicellular plants
Chapter 7 multicellular plantskleinkea
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This document discusses the four main phyla of multicellular primary producers: seaweeds (Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta), seagrasses, salt marsh plants, and mangroves. It describes their key structures, reproduction methods, ecological roles, and representative species found in Florida. The main environmental factors that influence seaweeds are light, temperature, tidal exposure, salinity, and nutrient availability.Chapter 6 study guide marine microbes
Chapter 6 study guide marine microbeskleinkea
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This study guide covers the key structures, reproductive systems, digestive systems, levels of organization, and ecological roles of diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminiferans, Euglena, and Volvox. It includes diagrams of representative organisms and definitions of important terms. Short answer questions ask the student to compare and contrast diatoms, dinoflagellates, and forams, and describe the food capture methods of foraminiferans.Chapter 6 study guide marine microbes
Chapter 6 study guide marine microbeskleinkea
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This study guide covers the key structures, reproductive systems, digestive systems, levels of organization, and ecological roles of diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminiferans, Euglena, and Volvox. It includes diagrams of representative organisms and definitions of important terms. Short answer questions ask the student to compare and contrast diatoms, dinoflagellates, and forams, and describe the food capture methods of foraminiferans.Chapter 6 marine microbes
Chapter 6 marine microbeskleinkea
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This document summarizes key marine microbes found in plankton. It discusses diatoms, dinoflagellates, and forams in detail, including their structure, reproduction, digestion/energy processes, and ecological roles. Diatoms are the most common and distinctive plankton, contributing greatly to primary productivity. Dinoflagellates can cause harmful algae blooms and red tides. Forams consume other microbes and turn over nutrients. The document also briefly outlines euglena and volvox characteristics.Chapter 6 marine microbes
Chapter 6 marine microbeskleinkea
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This document summarizes key marine microbes found in plankton. It discusses diatoms, dinoflagellates, forams, euglena, and volvox. Diatoms are the most common phytoplankton and have a glassy cell wall and symmetrical shape. Dinoflagellates can cause red tides and some are in a mutualism with corals. Forams have a shell and pseudopod and are an important part of the marine food web. Euglena can photosynthesize or absorb nutrients and reproduce by binary fission. Volvox forms multicellular colonies through asexual reproduction and provides a model for cell regeneration studies.Questions for plankton article
Questions for plankton articlekleinkea
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This document provides questions to guide the reader in understanding key concepts about plankton from a scientific text. It includes questions about why plankton are called "drifters", how they are able to live near the surface of oceans, and adaptations like buoyancy. Questions also address the thermocline, how water density affects mixing, and how this benefits plankton. Further questions explore plankton's role in food chains, characteristics of "jello-plankton", and the process of vertical diurnal migration. The final question looks at what time of year is optimal for plankton growth and why.
Ecology
Ecologykleinkea
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Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It examines these relationships across different levels of biological organization, from cells to the biosphere. An organism's environment, or abiotic factors like temperature and salinity, as well as biotic interactions with predators, prey and parasites, define its habitat and ecological niche. Competition occurs when organisms require the same limited resources, preventing two groups from occupying the same niche. Predator-prey relationships and keystone species also shape ecosystem structure. Symbiosis describes close biological interactions, which can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic. Scientists sample populations using methods like transect lines and quadrats to make inferences about ecosystem health.Session 2 research paper
Session 2 research paperkleinkea
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This document provides directions for a research paper assignment. Students must choose one of seven topics covered in class and write a 6-page paper in 12pt font and double spaced with a cover page and works cited page. The paper must include at least 10 sources, with 5 being primary sources. The final draft is due on December 14th by 2:15pm as a Word 2007 attachment via email. Plagiarized papers will receive a grade of 0.Marine science syllabus
Marine science syllabuskleinkea
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This document is a syllabus for a marine science course taught by Ms. Kleinke. The syllabus outlines the course objectives, description, materials required, grading breakdown, behavior expectations, homework policy, tests/quizzes, and learning recovery options. The objective is for students to gain a deeper understanding of the unique and interconnected properties and organisms of the ocean. Labs and hands-on activities are emphasized. Students are expected to be prepared, respectful, engaged, and work hard. Consequences are outlined for violations and late work policies are described.Osmosis article marine
Osmosis article marinekleinkea
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The study explored the effects of low salinity water on ion transporter expression and distribution in the gill of the longhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus). Sculpins were exposed to 10% or 20% seawater for 24 or 72 hours. Exposure to 10% seawater resulted in 20-25% lower plasma ion levels but did not affect transporter localization or expression. Sculpins maintained ion levels in 20% seawater and showed no physiological effects. The results suggest sculpins can tolerate brackish water for days but not long term due to an inability to regulate transporters at low salinities.Fish osmoregulation
Fish osmoregulationkleinkea
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The document discusses the central role played by the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory (MDIBL) in advancing the study of fish osmoregulation over the past 80 years. Some of the key discoveries made by scientists at MDIBL include demonstrating that marine fish ingest seawater and absorb water and ions from their intestines, determining that aglomerular fish kidneys can function excretory like glomerular kidneys, and elucidating the role of gills in salt secretion. The MDIBL has hosted many influential researchers in fish physiology and helped establish the basic mechanisms of osmoregulation in fish.Lesson 2 osmosis and diffusion in the marine environment
Lesson 2 osmosis and diffusion in the marine environmentkleinkea
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The document summarizes how different fish species regulate water concentration in their cells when in environments with different salt concentrations. Some fish, like those in marine environments, actively transport ions to maintain higher internal salt concentrations than the surrounding water to prevent their cells from bursting. Other fish, called osmoconformers, allow their internal salt concentrations to rise and fall passively with the environment. Maintaining precise internal regulation requires energy, so some species like cod produce high concentrations of urea to control balances. The document emphasizes the importance of these mechanisms for fish to adapt to varying salinity conditions in their habitats.Lesson 2 properties of water ppt
Lesson 2 properties of water pptkleinkea
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Water has unusual properties due to its polar molecular structure and ability to form hydrogen bonds between molecules. Hydrogen bonds give water high surface tension, heat capacity, and adhesion/cohesion properties responsible for capillary action and plant water transport. These hydrogen bonds also cause water to be an anomalous substance with a density higher in liquid form than solid, allowing aquatic life to survive under frozen surfaces.Waters unique properties lesson 2
Waters unique properties lesson 2kleinkea
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The document provides information about a lab activity on the properties of water. It includes 7 objectives that students should understand after completing the lab, such as describing the dipolar structure of water and how it relates to hydrogen bonding. It also lists materials needed and safety issues. The introduction discusses water's unique properties that result from its polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds. The activity section then has students complete 7 stations exploring topics like cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, and how these properties are affected by changes in temperature and salinity.Lesson 1 marine ecosystems
Lesson 1 marine ecosystemskleinkea
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This document provides an overview of several key marine ecosystems:
- Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystem due to symbiotic relationships between corals and zooxanthellae algae. However, they are threatened by factors like coral bleaching, disease, and human impacts.
- Salt marshes are important estuarine ecosystems located between land and salt/brackish water. They support food webs and provide habitat for many species.
- Mangroves are found in subtropical regions and have distinctive root systems that provide shelter and habitat. They play an important ecological role by exporting nutrients.
- Deep sea ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Organisms in these ecosystems mustChapter 10 sharks skates and rays
- 1. Chapter 10
- 2. Vertebrates Everything up till now has been Invertebrates What does this mean? From now on all Fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals are all Vertebrates What does this mean? Can you think of some functions of Vertebrae that are advantageous? Support Attachment of muscles= increased movement
- 3. Primitive Fish Class Myxini (hagfish) and Cephalospidomorphi (lampreys) Lack jaws and paired appendages (fins in fish) Lack scales and muscles (all cartilage) Only living representatives of primitive fish
- 4. Class Chondrichthyes Sharks, Skates, and Rays Defining characteristics Skeletons composed of cartilage Jaws Paired fins Placoid scales
- 5. Sharks!!!!! Streamlined body shape Heterocercal tail Two dorsal fins Paired pectoral fins Paired pelvic fins Modified in males (claspers) to transfer sperm
- 6. Why do sharks have to just keep swimming? Has to do with Density!!!! The are denser than the water so what will happen if they stop swimming?
- 7. Osmoregulation Maintain homeostasis By holding large amounts of urea in body If they did not have this adaptation they would lose body water. Then what would happen to the shark Dehydrate and cells would 損 Shrink -> remember osmosis chapter????? http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/the-ultimate- guide-to-sharks-how-sharks-swim.html
- 8. Sensory in Sharks Sight Lack eyelids Scientists predict that they can see color, but what sense is most dominant in shark? Smell!!!! 2/3 of cells in brain are used to process sense of smell Can detect 1 drop of blood in 1 million parts of water http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/ultimate-guide-the- sharks-shark-smell.html
- 9. Lateral Line System Canals that run length of body and open up to surrounding H2O Used to detect movements in water Locate prey and predators Ampullae of Lorezini Organs around head (what is the term for sense organs near the head?) Sense electrical http://dsc.discovery.com/vide os/ultimate-guide-the-sharks- vibrations-and-shark- vision.html
- 10. Digestion Teeth Several rows of teeth Fall out and are continually replaced throughout life Not like ours where we only get two sets Shake head to bite b/c they cant move jaws up and down to chew Food is swallowed whole Mouth ->stomach-> small intestine
- 11. Great White Jumping!!! http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/planet-earth- pole-to-pole-great-white-hunt.html
- 12. Reproduction Sexual, separate sexes Fertilization is internal Males transfer sperm via claspers Females have ovaries and oviduct (modified uterus) http://dsc.discovery.com/vi deos/ultimate-guide-the- sharks-shark-mating.html
- 13. 3 types of Reproductive types Oviparity (most primitive) Eggs are laid outside body Develop in protective case that attaches to seafloor smaller b/c limited nutrients Whale sharks, bullhead sharks Ovoviviparity (most common) Eggs hatch in mothers uterus No placenta, nourishment is yolk stored in egg Single pup Viviparity (most recent, advanced) Babies get milk directly from mother Hammerhead shark
- 14. Skates and Rays characteristics What animal from previous chapter do they resemble? Flattened bodies shape Suited for bottom living Always exception = manta ray Enlarged pectoral fins attached to head Reduced dorsal and caudal fins Eyes and spiracles on top of head Lack of anal fin Specialized teeth for crushing prey
- 15. Differences between skates and rays Skates Small fins on tail Swim by creating a wave and starts at head then ripples down rest of body Oviparous - mermaids purse Rays Venomous barb or spines Swim by moving fins up and down (like a bird) Ovoviviparous