Lesson 2 osmosis and diffusion in the marine environment
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The document summarizes how different fish species regulate water concentration in their cells when in environments with different salt concentrations. Some fish, like those in marine environments, actively transport ions to maintain higher internal salt concentrations than the surrounding water to prevent their cells from bursting. Other fish, called osmoconformers, allow their internal salt concentrations to rise and fall passively with the environment. Maintaining precise internal regulation requires energy, so some species like cod produce high concentrations of urea to control balances. The document emphasizes the importance of these mechanisms for fish to adapt to varying salinity conditions in their habitats.
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Osmoregulation: The Regulation of Water and Electrolytes in Living Organisms
Osmoregulation is the process by which living organisms regulate the concentration of water and electrolytes in their bodies. This process is essential for maintaining proper cellular function, nerve function, and muscle contraction. In this article, we will explore the concept of osmoregulation, its importance, and the mechanisms by which it occurs.
Importance of Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is crucial for maintaining proper bodily functions. Here are some reasons why:
1. *Cellular Function*: Cells require a specific concentration of electrolytes and water to function properly. Osmoregulation helps maintain this balance.
2. *Nerve Function*: Nerve impulses rely on the proper balance of electrolytes. Osmoregulation ensures that this balance is maintained.
3. *Muscle Contraction*: Muscle contraction requires the proper balance of electrolytes. Osmoregulation helps maintain this balance.
Mechanisms of Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation occurs through several mechanisms:
*1. Renal Osmoregulation*
The kidneys play a crucial role in osmoregulation. They regulate the amount of water and electrolytes in the body by:
- *Adjusting Urine Concentration*: The kidneys adjust the concentration of urine to regulate the amount of water in the body.
- *Regulating Electrolyte Excretion*: The kidneys regulate the excretion of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride.
*2. Hormonal Osmoregulation*
Hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone play a crucial role in osmoregulation. ADH helps regulate water reabsorption in the kidneys, while aldosterone helps regulate electrolyte reabsorption.
*3. Cellular Osmoregulation*
Cells also play a crucial role in osmoregulation. They regulate the amount of water and electrolytes within the cell by:
- *Regulating Ion Channels*: Cells regulate the flow of ions across the cell membrane through ion channels.
- *Regulating Transport Proteins*: Cells regulate the transport of electrolytes and water across the cell membrane through transport proteins.
Osmoregulatory Systems in Different Organisms
Osmoregulatory systems vary across different organisms:
*1. Human Osmoregulation*
In humans, the kidneys play a crucial role in osmoregulation. The kidneys regulate the amount of water and electrolytes in the body by adjusting urine concentration and regulating electrolyte excretion.
*2. Plant Osmoregulation*
In plants, osmoregulation occurs through the regulation of water and electrolytes within the cell. Plants use mechanisms such as osmosis and active transport to regulate the amount of water and electrolytes within the cell.
*3. Animal Osmoregulation*
In animals, osmoregulation occurs through the regulation of water and electrolytes within the body. Animals use mechanisms such as renal osmoregulation and hormonal osmoregulation to regulate the amount of water and electrolytes within the body.
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The excretory system regulates water and salt balance and removes metabolic waste from the body. At the cellular level, waste diffuses out of cells. Multicellular organisms have specialized excretory organs to remove waste. The kidneys filter blood and regulate ion and water levels, producing concentrated urine. Aquatic animals also regulate salt levels to prevent too much or too little water from crossing their membranes. Terrestrial animals have developed ways to reduce water loss through their skin and produce concentrated urine.
Osmoregulation
OsmoregulationDr. Priti D. Diwan
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This document discusses adaptations for osmoregulation and water balance in organisms living in environments with varying water availability. It provides examples of adaptations like decreasing water loss through conservation, efficient utilization, and increased storage capacity. It also discusses increasing or decreasing the excretion of solutes and waste. Specific examples are given for various marine invertebrates, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Adaptations like specialized organs for fluid transport and waste excretion are described for different taxonomic groups.Thermoregulation and osmoregulation (bd)
Thermoregulation and osmoregulation (bd)RichardBader
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Endothermic animals generate their own body heat through metabolic processes, while ectothermic animals rely on external heat sources. Animals regulate their body temperature through structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations. Maintaining water balance also requires adaptations to balance water intake and loss and regulate solute concentrations. Kidneys play a key role in excretion and water conservation through production of concentrated or dilute urine. Aquatic animals face additional challenges and have evolved osmoregulatory mechanisms to deal with their hypotonic or hypertonic environments.Are You New To Saltwater Aquariums
Are You New To Saltwater Aquariumsmarineworldpk
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This document provides guidance on setting up a saltwater aquarium, including:
1) Easy to keep fish for beginners include damselfish, gobies, cardinalfish, and clownfish. Suitable corals are leather corals, mushroom anemones, colonial anemones, and cleaner shrimp.
2) The aquarium should be at least 100 liters to maintain water quality. Combining fluorescent and metal halide lighting provides optimal conditions for corals and invertebrates.
3) Coarse coral sand makes an ideal substrate, providing bacteria habitat and stabilizing pH.2nd Year Biology Notes by Taleemcity.com
2nd Year Biology Notes by Taleemcity.comAbdullah Zaigham
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visit this link to get all notes
https://taleemcity.com/2nd-year-notes-of-all-subjects-in-pdf
12th Class Biology Notes for All Chapters, Biology Subject 12th Class FSC Part 2 Notes , 2nd year biology notes chapter 1 homeostasis pdf,
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2nd year biology notes chapter 1 homeostasis pdf
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Chapter 10 sharks skates and rays
Chapter 10 sharks skates and rayskleinkea
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This document summarizes key characteristics of vertebrates like fish, sharks, skates, and rays. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and internal skeletons, compared to invertebrates. Within fish, it distinguishes primitive jawless fish from sharks and rays that have cartilage skeletons and jaws. It provides details on sharks' streamlined bodies, sensing abilities, reproduction, and need to constantly swim due to their density. Skates and rays are described as flattened like stingrays with different swimming and reproductive behaviors.Chapt 10 bony fishes
Chapt 10 bony fisheskleinkea
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This document provides information about bony fishes. It begins by introducing the phylum Chordata and class Actinopterygii, which contains over 25,000 species of modern bony fish. It then discusses some key characteristics of bony fishes, including the presence of a swim bladder, bones, and fin rays. The document also describes coelacanths as a "primitive" fish that was thought to be extinct but has been found alive. The majority of the document focuses on ray-finned fishes, including their diversity, body shapes adapted to different habitats, and systems like respiration, circulation, nerves, senses, reproduction, and coloration.Echinoderms
Echinodermskleinkea
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Echinoderms are marine invertebrates with spiny skin and five-part radial symmetry. They have a water-vascular system and tube feet used for movement. There are five classes of echinoderms: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sea lilies. Sea stars have tube feet and a water vascular system that allows them to move and catch prey as carnivores. Sea urchins also have tube feet and move by grazing on algae and plants as herbivores. Sea cucumbers use their tube feet to move and take nutrients from sand with oral tentacles.Chapter 9 arthropods
Chapter 9 arthropodskleinkea
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Here are a few methods a scientist could use to determine the population density of barnacle species on a dock post:
1. Count the number of individual barnacles within a defined area on the post (e.g. within a 1 square foot quadrat) and extrapolate the total number per post based on the surface area. This direct count method provides an estimate of density.
2. Weigh a sample of barnacles scraped from a defined area. Compare the wet or dry mass to samples of known densities to estimate individuals per unit area.
3. Take photographic images of sample areas and use image analysis software to automatically count and identify barnacles based on size, shape, color. This provides a repeatable quantitative measureChapter 8 porfera cnardarians
Chapter 8 porfera cnardarianskleinkea
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This document summarizes key characteristics of sponges, cnidarians, and comb jellies. Sponges are sessile, multicellular organisms that filter feed and lack tissues. Cnidarians are radially symmetric and have stinging cells, with forms including polyps, jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. Comb jellies differ in having eight rows of comb plates with cilia for locomotion and lack stinging cells.Chapter 6 study guide marine microbes
Chapter 6 study guide marine microbeskleinkea
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This study guide covers the key structures, reproductive systems, digestive systems, levels of organization, and ecological roles of diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminiferans, Euglena, and Volvox. It includes diagrams of representative organisms and definitions of important terms. Short answer questions ask the student to compare and contrast diatoms, dinoflagellates, and forams, and describe the food capture methods of foraminiferans.Chapter 6 study guide marine microbes
Chapter 6 study guide marine microbeskleinkea
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This study guide covers the key structures, reproductive systems, digestive systems, levels of organization, and ecological roles of diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminiferans, Euglena, and Volvox. It includes diagrams of representative organisms and definitions of important terms. Short answer questions ask the student to compare and contrast diatoms, dinoflagellates, and forams, and describe the food capture methods of foraminiferans.Questions for plankton article
Questions for plankton articlekleinkea
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This document provides questions to guide the reader in understanding key concepts about plankton from a scientific text. It includes questions about why plankton are called "drifters", how they are able to live near the surface of oceans, and adaptations like buoyancy. Questions also address the thermocline, how water density affects mixing, and how this benefits plankton. Further questions explore plankton's role in food chains, characteristics of "jello-plankton", and the process of vertical diurnal migration. The final question looks at what time of year is optimal for plankton growth and why.
Session 2 research paper
Session 2 research paperkleinkea
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This document provides directions for a research paper assignment. Students must choose one of seven topics covered in class and write a 6-page paper in 12pt font and double spaced with a cover page and works cited page. The paper must include at least 10 sources, with 5 being primary sources. The final draft is due on December 14th by 2:15pm as a Word 2007 attachment via email. Plagiarized papers will receive a grade of 0.Marine science syllabus
Marine science syllabuskleinkea
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This document is a syllabus for a marine science course taught by Ms. Kleinke. The syllabus outlines the course objectives, description, materials required, grading breakdown, behavior expectations, homework policy, tests/quizzes, and learning recovery options. The objective is for students to gain a deeper understanding of the unique and interconnected properties and organisms of the ocean. Labs and hands-on activities are emphasized. Students are expected to be prepared, respectful, engaged, and work hard. Consequences are outlined for violations and late work policies are described.Osmosis article marine
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The study explored the effects of low salinity water on ion transporter expression and distribution in the gill of the longhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus). Sculpins were exposed to 10% or 20% seawater for 24 or 72 hours. Exposure to 10% seawater resulted in 20-25% lower plasma ion levels but did not affect transporter localization or expression. Sculpins maintained ion levels in 20% seawater and showed no physiological effects. The results suggest sculpins can tolerate brackish water for days but not long term due to an inability to regulate transporters at low salinities.Fish osmoregulation
Fish osmoregulationkleinkea
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The document discusses the central role played by the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory (MDIBL) in advancing the study of fish osmoregulation over the past 80 years. Some of the key discoveries made by scientists at MDIBL include demonstrating that marine fish ingest seawater and absorb water and ions from their intestines, determining that aglomerular fish kidneys can function excretory like glomerular kidneys, and elucidating the role of gills in salt secretion. The MDIBL has hosted many influential researchers in fish physiology and helped establish the basic mechanisms of osmoregulation in fish.Waters unique properties lesson 2
Waters unique properties lesson 2kleinkea
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The document provides information about a lab activity on the properties of water. It includes 7 objectives that students should understand after completing the lab, such as describing the dipolar structure of water and how it relates to hydrogen bonding. It also lists materials needed and safety issues. The introduction discusses water's unique properties that result from its polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds. The activity section then has students complete 7 stations exploring topics like cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, and how these properties are affected by changes in temperature and salinity.Lesson 1 marine ecosystems
Lesson 1 marine ecosystemskleinkea
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This document provides an overview of several key marine ecosystems:
- Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystem due to symbiotic relationships between corals and zooxanthellae algae. However, they are threatened by factors like coral bleaching, disease, and human impacts.
- Salt marshes are important estuarine ecosystems located between land and salt/brackish water. They support food webs and provide habitat for many species.
- Mangroves are found in subtropical regions and have distinctive root systems that provide shelter and habitat. They play an important ecological role by exporting nutrients.
- Deep sea ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Organisms in these ecosystems mustLesson 1 marine ecosystems
Lesson 1 marine ecosystemskleinkea
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Marine ecosystems are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystem due to the symbiotic relationship between corals and zooxanthellae. Despite nutrient-poor waters, this relationship provides nutrients and shelter, allowing the reef to support many other organisms. However, coral reefs are threatened by bleaching events, disease, and human impacts like coastal development and activities that disturb corals. Estuaries are partially enclosed bodies of water with both salt and freshwater influences. Salt marshes within estuaries provide important habitat and protect coasts from erosion.Marine review final
Marine review finalkleinkea
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This document contains review material for a marine science exam, including key concepts and questions. It reviews scientific method, food webs, osmosis and diffusion, plate tectonics, reproduction, taxonomy, population density, abiotic and biotic factors, properties of water, and exam topics. Students are provided questions to help summarize each topic and identify important examples and adaptations. The document serves to reinforce essential course concepts in preparation for the exam through concise questions and examples.Zoology review final
Zoology review finalkleinkea
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The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a zoology review, including the scientific method, food webs, keystone and invasive species, osmosis and diffusion, taxonomy, population sampling, reproduction, animal adaptations, and exam topics. Key concepts are defined, such as the levels in a food pyramid and food web, producers and consumers, isotonic and hypertonic solutions, asexual and sexual reproduction, and abiotic and biotic factors. Examples are given of adaptations in amphibians and cephalopods, feeding strategies of carnivores and prey, and reproduction through budding or fragmentation. Students are prompted to think of examples and explanations relating to these ecology and zZoology vocab words cummulative
Zoology vocab words cummulativekleinkea
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This document provides definitions and examples for key biology terms that will appear on an exam. Students should make flashcards with the definition or explanation of each term along with an example. Some of the terms include types of reproduction, phyla names, components of food webs, evolutionary concepts, organism structures and forms, and ecological relationships. Making flashcards will help students learn these important biology vocabulary words and concepts.Chapt 10 bony fishes
Chapt 10 bony fisheskleinkea
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This document provides information about bony fishes, including:
- Bony fishes make up about half of all vertebrate species, with over 25,000 species classified. They show great diversity and are classified mainly at the order or family level.
- Characteristics of bony fishes include the presence of a swim bladder or lungs, bones, bony scales, and fin rays.
- Ray-finned fishes are the most numerous and diverse group, with fins attached by fin rays. They are divided into subclasses with cartilaginous or bony skeletons and different tail and scale structures.Lesson 2 osmosis and diffusion in the marine environment
- 2.  When there is water on 2 sides of a membrane with different concentrations of solutes (ex. Salt), H20 will diffuse to the lower concentration  Important in Marine environments
- 3.  Fish cells have higher concentration of salt than surrounding freshwater. (fish is hypotonic).  Water will diffuse into fish’s cells  Cells will eventually burst from excess water pressure Queen Angel-local to Keys
- 4.  Reverse happens.  Fish cells are hypertonic (lower salt, higher H20 concentration than surrounding water)  Water diffuses out of cells  Fish dies of dehydration Walleye-local to Great Lakes (sport fish)
- 5.  Moves from Low concentration to High – REQUIRES ENERGY!!!!!!  Fish use active transport to control water concentration inside their cells  Allow to adapt to changes in salinity of surrounding waters  Called osmoregulators
- 6.  Consume a great deal of h20 and excrete small amount of urine to replace water lost by osmosis  Specialized glands in gills to eliminate excess salts Atlantic cod
- 7.  Adapt by using waste urea to maintain internal tissue balance.  When external salinity changes so does their internal salinity to remain isotonic  Why some species flesh smells like urine Angel Shark
- 8.  Cannot control internal water concentration  internal salinity rises and falls with surrounding salinity  Osmoconformers  Some species can tolerate significant change in salinity, others cant and suffer stress Cannonball Jelly- commonly washed up at Jax beach, Important food source for endangered leatherback turtles
- 9.  Finish analysis and conclusion for Lab 4 and turn in!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!  Last lab grade for Session 1  REMEMBER ALL MAKEUP WORK IS DUE THIS FRIDAY 10/18