Color blindness is the inability to distinguish between some colors. About 8-10% of males and 0.5% of females have some form of color blindness, making it important for web designers to consider. The most common type is red-green color blindness. Websites should use variations in brightness, test interfaces in grayscale, and consider tools that filter for color blindness to ensure usability for colorblind users. Examples of good practices include high color contrast and avoiding relying solely on color to convey information.