Communism in Russia
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Communism developed in Russia due to several factors. Peasants were dissatisfied with their poverty and small land holdings after emancipation from serfdom. Workers faced difficult conditions in factories with low pay and strikes being illegal. Tsar Nicholas II's autocratic rule was weak and unpopular as Russia fell behind other countries. Russia's losses and defeats in World War I further weakened the Tsar's position and support of the army. These conditions led to the Communist revolution in 1917 under the ideas of Karl Marx which established government control over resources and equality.
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Communism in Russia
- 1. Communism in Russia THE ISSUES THAT LED TO COMMUNISM IN RUSSIAN
- 2. The World of Communism What is Communism? Communism was a system of government whereby the government had control over the resources of the country, people shared work fairly and were paid equally The word Communism is derived from the Latin word Communis which means common or belonging to all.
- 3. Who came up with Communism? Karl Marx (1818 1883) German by birth Former college professor Author / philosopher Communism can further be defined as a philosophy of government / society, based on the ideals of Marxism / Socialism.
- 5. Communism highlighted the following issues : It required a classless / stateless society It established common ownership of all resources No private property, the government had control to all resources Social equality was encouraged
- 6. What led to the development of Communism: Capitalism Capitalism creates a huge working-class of people who soon get angry at the way they are treated. The capitalists get more power to serve their own interests. The business owners or capitalists get richer while the workers do all the hard work
- 8. Factors that led to the Communist revolution in 1917. The discontent of the peasant The weakness of Tsar Nicholas Russian failures in the First World War The discontent of the workers
- 9. The discontent of the Peasants Russia was a rural society with over 90% of the people being poor peasants. Until 1861 the peasants had belonged to their masters, who could buy and sell them like animals. When the peasants were freed in 1861 they were given small amounts of land for which they had to pay back the government. As a result most farmers were in absolute poverty. Agriculture was in desperate need of modernisation. In contrast, a small number of upper-class people held most of the wealth and power. This aristocracy had large town houses and country estates.
- 10. The discontent of the Workers Industrialisation began much later in Russia than in Western Europe. Huge iron foundrie textile factories and engineering firms were set up. Most were owned by the governme or foreigners, and were located in the big cities such as St Petersburg or Moscow. Working conditions in the new industrial towns were hard. Pay was very low. Althoug strikes and demonstrations were illegal, they often took place. Strikers were frequent shot by the Tsars soldiers or secret police.
- 11. Weakness of Tsar Nicholas II The ruler of Russia was Tsar Nicholas II. He was an absolute monarch, meaning that he had total power in Russia. Nicholas II ruled a vast country that was almost medieval in comparison to other countries. The Tsars undemocratic government was a major cause of the revolution.
- 12. Russian failures in the First World War Russian forces attacked Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1914 and were only pushed back after fierce fighting at the battle of Tannenberg. In 1915, Tsar Nicholas II assumed personal command of the Russian armed forces. This was a risky policy; any defeats would be blamed on him. As it turned out the Tsar was a poor commander. The Russian army lost confidence in the Tsar after a string of serious defeats. The Russian soldiers, poorly trained and equipped, lacking in basic items such as rifles and ammunition, suffered from lowering morale. Thousands of men deserted. Without the support of the army, the Tsars position became increasingly precarious.
- 13. References /kukrejahitesh849/communism-29844327 /mivow/doc-communism-unwrapped-consumption-in-cold-war- eastern-europe-free?qid=3db653b3-5c0c-4bb1-bf42- 3eb65464b824&v=&b=&from_search=1 /duzama/pdf-marx-s-dream-from-capitalism-to-communism- ebook /janetdiederich/communism-capitalism-notes?qid=5ebf4f01- 908a-4898-a282-faea64940149&v=&b=&from_search=1 ttps://www.slideshare.net/KatsyarynaKraucanka/doc-cambridge-igcse-modern-world- history-history-in-focus-by-michael-scottbaumann