Estrus detection methods and their technichal reasons, in different species o...Dr. Muhammad Awais
油
This document discusses various methods for detecting estrus or heat periods in female animals. It covers physical, biological, chemical, and miscellaneous methods used in cattle, mares, bitches, and queens. Physical methods for cattle include visual observation, pedometers, tail paints, and cameras. Biological methods involve using teaser animals or trained dogs. Chemical detection uses progesterone, estrogen, or pheromone tests. Temperature, behavior changes, and ultrasound are also discussed as detection techniques.
The document compares the skull structures of camels, oxen, and horses. It describes the cranial and facial parts of the skull and differences in bones like the parietal, ethmoid, and maxilla across species. For example, the parietal bone forms the roof of the cranium in camels but not in oxen. The ethmoid bone is absent in horses. The maxilla has a facial crest in horses but not camels. Overall, the document provides a detailed anatomical comparison of skull parts and structures between camels, oxen, and horses.
This document provides a table of contents for the book "Anatomy of the Horse" by Budras, Sack, and R旦ck. It lists 10 chapters that will cover the anatomy of various body systems and regions in the horse, including the skin, limbs, head, nervous system, axial skeleton, neck, thoracic cavity, and abdominal cavity. The table of contents previews over 50 sections that will describe the bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other structures within each region in detail. It also lists the contributors who assisted with the atlas and acknowledges the international editions that have been published.
The document summarizes key aspects of horse anatomy. It describes that horses have around 210 bones, similar to humans, including 54 vertebrae that form the spine. It notes the horse carries around 60% of its weight on its forehand and uses its hind legs to propel itself forward. The document also provides brief descriptions of muscles, tendons, and ligaments in horses, explaining their functions and roles in movement.
This document provides information on horse conformation analysis. It begins with an anatomy diagram labeling horse parts. It then discusses the BSMQTT system of conformation analysis: balance, structure, muscling, quality, type, and travel. The summary focuses on key aspects of balance, structure, and body conformation.
The ideal horse is balanced with equal thirds between the shoulder, body, and hindquarters. Structure is important, with an emphasis on a long sloping shoulder, long neck, straight legs, and sloping pasterns. For body conformation, prominent withers, a deep wide chest, and a long back are desirable traits.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to increase gray matter volume in the brain and reduce risks for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Este documento presenta instrucciones para dibujar rostros humanos utilizando c鱈rculos y l鱈neas de referencia. Explica c坦mo dividir esferas y cabezas en segmentos para colocar proporcionalmente los ojos, nariz, boca y otras caracter鱈sticas. Tambi辿n discute c坦mo variar las proporciones para retratar diferentes edades, g辿neros y estilos como manga. El objetivo es ense単ar a dibujar rostros de manera precisa usando geometr鱈a b叩sica.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research including the creation of logic theories, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks. Recent advances in deep learning have helped AI systems match and even surpass human-level performance in certain tasks such as image recognition.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of domestic animals. It begins with an introduction and sections on osteology (the skeleton), arthrology (joints), myology (muscles), splanchnology (internal organs), and angiology (circulatory system). The text focuses on the anatomy of the horse but also includes sections on the ox, sheep, pig, and dog. It contains over 700 illustrations and aims to provide a comprehensive reference for students and practitioners of veterinary medicine.
The stay apparatus is the group of muscles, ligaments, and tendons that lock the major joints in the horse's limbs, allowing horses to sleep standing up. This reduces fatigue from standing. The stay apparatus distributes the horse's weight across three limbs and includes structures like muscles, tendons, and ligaments that lock joints like the fetlock. While the lower portions are similar between forelimbs and hindlimbs, the upper portions differ. This locking of joints allows horses to remain standing with minimal effort while resting or sleeping.
2nd issue of Volume 9. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT etc. A Very useful magazine for everyone.
This document discusses nerve and joint blocks in large animals. It provides information on the indications, mechanisms of action, and formulations of local anesthetics used for nerve and joint blocks. Specific techniques are described for performing nerve blocks of various nerves in the limbs, as well as joint blocks of the coffin joint, fetlock joint, carpus, tibial-tarsal joint, and stifle joint. The document emphasizes the importance of anatomical knowledge and reviews considerations for determining if a block is effective and potential complications.
Comparative study of vertebral column of camel, ox and horseAsadAbdulHannan
油
Here are the answers to the questions about the vertebral column:
1) The regions of the vertebral column in camel are: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal.
2) The vertebral formula of ox is: Cervical 7, Thoracic 13, Lumbar 6, Sacral 5, Caudal 18-20. The vertebral formula of horse is: Cervical 7, Thoracic 18, Lumbar 6, Sacral 5, Caudal 15-21.
3) The bones forming "yes" joints are the atlas and axis. The bones forming "no" joints are the vertebral bodies.
4) Special features
2nd issue of Volume 15. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc.A very useful magazine for everyone.
This document summarizes the surgical procedure for amputation of the hindlimb in animals. It describes the indications for amputation including crush injury, gangrene, malignant disease, and septic fractures. It then details the surgical anatomy of the hindlimb muscles and major blood vessels. The procedure involves making a semicircular skin incision, isolating and ligating the femoral vessels, transecting associated muscles, cutting the femur with a bone saw, and closing the skin. Post-operative care includes antiseptic dressing, antibiotic therapy, and suture removal after 8-10 days.
Coil embolization of a palatine artery pseudoaneurysm in a geldingDane Tatarniuk
油
This document describes a case of a 24-year-old horse that was admitted for severe right-sided epistaxis. Imaging revealed diffuse hemorrhage filling the right paranasal sinuses. During a CT scan, profuse hemorrhage occurred, requiring carotid artery ligation and frontal sinus surgery. Surgery discovered pulsating masses in the right frontal and maxillary sinuses. Angiography then located a pseudoaneurysm of the right palatine artery, which was successfully embolized using coils to stop the hemorrhage. Follow up showed no further epistaxis, though the horse was later euthanized for unrelated colic issues. This case report describes an unusual cause of epist
This document provides a summary of key findings from a confidential lifestyle and salary survey of American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) members. The average salary among all survey respondents was $111,340. Salaries increased substantially with age and years of experience, with those over 60 earning over $155,000 on average. Recent graduates earned significantly less, with a average of $40,540 for those who graduated in 2006. The document compares salaries by various demographic and employment factors.
This document provides information on horse conformation analysis. It begins with an anatomy diagram labeling horse parts. It then discusses the BSMQTT system of conformation analysis: balance, structure, muscling, quality, type, and travel. The summary focuses on key aspects of balance, structure, and body conformation.
The ideal horse is balanced with equal thirds between the shoulder, body, and hindquarters. Structure is important, with an emphasis on a long sloping shoulder, long neck, straight legs, and sloping pasterns. For body conformation, prominent withers, a deep wide chest, and a long back are desirable traits.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to increase gray matter volume in the brain and reduce risks for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Este documento presenta instrucciones para dibujar rostros humanos utilizando c鱈rculos y l鱈neas de referencia. Explica c坦mo dividir esferas y cabezas en segmentos para colocar proporcionalmente los ojos, nariz, boca y otras caracter鱈sticas. Tambi辿n discute c坦mo variar las proporciones para retratar diferentes edades, g辿neros y estilos como manga. El objetivo es ense単ar a dibujar rostros de manera precisa usando geometr鱈a b叩sica.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research including the creation of logic theories, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks. Recent advances in deep learning have helped AI systems match and even surpass human-level performance in certain tasks such as image recognition.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of domestic animals. It begins with an introduction and sections on osteology (the skeleton), arthrology (joints), myology (muscles), splanchnology (internal organs), and angiology (circulatory system). The text focuses on the anatomy of the horse but also includes sections on the ox, sheep, pig, and dog. It contains over 700 illustrations and aims to provide a comprehensive reference for students and practitioners of veterinary medicine.
The stay apparatus is the group of muscles, ligaments, and tendons that lock the major joints in the horse's limbs, allowing horses to sleep standing up. This reduces fatigue from standing. The stay apparatus distributes the horse's weight across three limbs and includes structures like muscles, tendons, and ligaments that lock joints like the fetlock. While the lower portions are similar between forelimbs and hindlimbs, the upper portions differ. This locking of joints allows horses to remain standing with minimal effort while resting or sleeping.
2nd issue of Volume 9. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT etc. A Very useful magazine for everyone.
This document discusses nerve and joint blocks in large animals. It provides information on the indications, mechanisms of action, and formulations of local anesthetics used for nerve and joint blocks. Specific techniques are described for performing nerve blocks of various nerves in the limbs, as well as joint blocks of the coffin joint, fetlock joint, carpus, tibial-tarsal joint, and stifle joint. The document emphasizes the importance of anatomical knowledge and reviews considerations for determining if a block is effective and potential complications.
Comparative study of vertebral column of camel, ox and horseAsadAbdulHannan
油
Here are the answers to the questions about the vertebral column:
1) The regions of the vertebral column in camel are: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal.
2) The vertebral formula of ox is: Cervical 7, Thoracic 13, Lumbar 6, Sacral 5, Caudal 18-20. The vertebral formula of horse is: Cervical 7, Thoracic 18, Lumbar 6, Sacral 5, Caudal 15-21.
3) The bones forming "yes" joints are the atlas and axis. The bones forming "no" joints are the vertebral bodies.
4) Special features
2nd issue of Volume 15. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc.A very useful magazine for everyone.
This document summarizes the surgical procedure for amputation of the hindlimb in animals. It describes the indications for amputation including crush injury, gangrene, malignant disease, and septic fractures. It then details the surgical anatomy of the hindlimb muscles and major blood vessels. The procedure involves making a semicircular skin incision, isolating and ligating the femoral vessels, transecting associated muscles, cutting the femur with a bone saw, and closing the skin. Post-operative care includes antiseptic dressing, antibiotic therapy, and suture removal after 8-10 days.
Coil embolization of a palatine artery pseudoaneurysm in a geldingDane Tatarniuk
油
This document describes a case of a 24-year-old horse that was admitted for severe right-sided epistaxis. Imaging revealed diffuse hemorrhage filling the right paranasal sinuses. During a CT scan, profuse hemorrhage occurred, requiring carotid artery ligation and frontal sinus surgery. Surgery discovered pulsating masses in the right frontal and maxillary sinuses. Angiography then located a pseudoaneurysm of the right palatine artery, which was successfully embolized using coils to stop the hemorrhage. Follow up showed no further epistaxis, though the horse was later euthanized for unrelated colic issues. This case report describes an unusual cause of epist
This document provides a summary of key findings from a confidential lifestyle and salary survey of American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) members. The average salary among all survey respondents was $111,340. Salaries increased substantially with age and years of experience, with those over 60 earning over $155,000 on average. Recent graduates earned significantly less, with a average of $40,540 for those who graduated in 2006. The document compares salaries by various demographic and employment factors.
Emergency Management of Equine Orthopedic InjuriesDane Tatarniuk
油
The document provides guidance on emergency management of equine orthopedic injuries in the field, including fracture classification, splinting techniques, analgesia options, and safe transport. Key recommendations include stabilizing fractures to prevent further damage, addressing pain and anxiety, and communicating clearly with owners about the injury, treatment plan, and prognosis. Different splinting methods are outlined depending on the location of the fracture to counteract destabilizing biomechanical forces. The overall goal is proper short-term stabilization and safe transfer of the injured horse to an equine hospital for further evaluation and treatment.
There were estimated to be 963,500 horses in Canada in 2010, owned by 226,500 horse-owning households. This is an increase from the estimated 1,043,433 horses in Canada in 2006. The majority of horses are used for sport competition, pleasure riding, and breeding. The top provinces for horse populations are Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, together accounting for around 67% of Canadian horses.
This document discusses angular limb deformities in horses. It covers the causes of angular limb deformities including uneven physeal growth and abnormal bone development. It describes the process of endochondral ossification and growth plate closure. Angular limb deformities are most commonly caused by static compression of the growth plate. Diagnosis involves visual examination, flexion of the limb, active movement examination, and radiography. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include stall rest, splinting, controlled exercise, and farrier techniques to guide physeal growth.
This document provides guidance on emergency management of equine orthopedic injuries. It discusses assessing the injury over the phone, essential supplies to bring, goals of first aid like stabilization, and techniques for splinting different bone fractures in the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Key points covered include classifying fractures, providing sedation and analgesia, applying Robert Jones bandages and splints to immobilize fractures, and considerations for transporting an injured horse. The document aims to help veterinarians stabilize orthopedic injuries in horses on the farm before referral to an equine hospital.
This document discusses the histology, innervation, functions, and healing process of the peritoneum. It covers the layers of the peritoneum, how it is innervated leading to pain perception, its roles in nutrient diffusion, fluid production, and waste removal. The document also summarizes the inflammatory and coagulation cascades triggered by peritoneal trauma, as well as preventative methods for reducing post-operative adhesions.
The document describes a case study of a 6-year-old quarter horse gelding that was found with a large wound on its right hind leg, believed to be caused by an injury on a fence. The veterinarian evaluates the wound, determines it does not involve any joints, debrides and sutures it closed. The veterinarian then provides aftercare recommendations including bandaging, antibiotics, and exercise restrictions to promote healing of the serious wound.
1) The document describes two cases of laryngeal dysfunction in horses. Case 1 involves left laryngeal hemiplegia, while Case 2 involves epiglottic entrapment.
2) For Case 1, a prosthetic laryngoplasty surgery was performed under general anesthesia to create abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage using sutures. For Case 2, a standing laser surgery was used to perform an axial excision of thickened aryepiglottic tissue causing the entrapment.
3) Both surgeries aimed to improve airflow and resolve the underlying laryngeal issues. Post-operative care and monitoring was provided for several weeks to manage pain and ensure healing. The prognosis
This document summarizes research on bisphosphonate therapy for treating navicular disease in horses. Bisphosphonates were originally developed as industrial chemicals but are now used medically to treat bone disorders in humans. Two bisphosphonates, tiludronate and clodronate, have been approved for treating navicular disease in horses. Clinical studies on these drugs found they may reduce lameness when combined with corrective shoeing, though their exact mechanism of action in horses is still unknown. Potential side effects seen in some horses include transient colic and injection site reactions. More research is needed on their long-term safety profile and efficacy, especially in young horses.
This document discusses castration techniques in large animals. It covers equine castration methods including standing, recumbent open, closed and semi-closed approaches. Complications like hemorrhage, evisceration, edema and infection are addressed. Food animal castration using tools like the Newberry knife, elastrator, burdizzo and power drill are described. The conclusion emphasizes understanding anatomy, surgical principles and tailoring the technique to each individual animal and situation.
This document describes a case of pastern arthrodesis surgery performed to address a horse's chronic left forelimb lameness. It provides details on the horse's history, physical exam findings, diagnostic imaging, surgical technique, post-operative care, rehabilitation, prognosis, and relevant literature. The surgery involved removing cartilage from the pastern joint, placing a plate with screws dorsally, and inserting two lag screws transarticularly to fuse the joint. The horse's recovery and long-term prognosis after pastern fusion are discussed.
1) The document describes equine tenoscopy techniques and findings from studies on non-septic tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath.
2) Ultrasound was found to be minimally invasive but not as accurate as tenoscopy for diagnosing intra-thecal pathology. Tenoscopy identified longitudinal tears of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons in many cases.
3) Outcomes from tenoscopy treatment of longitudinal tendon tears and torn manica flexoria were mixed, with around 30-40% of tendon tear cases and over 80% of manica flexoria tear cases returning to previous work levels. However, controlled studies comparing tenoscopy to rest alone are still
The document discusses shockwave therapy for musculoskeletal injuries in horses. It provides an overview of shockwave therapy including the mechanism of action, various generators used, and clinical applications for conditions like tendonitis, osteoarthritis, and fractures. Several research studies on shockwave therapy are also summarized that showed improvements in lameness, range of motion, and force plate measurements for conditions like stifle lameness and hip osteoarthritis in dogs receiving shockwave therapy.
The document discusses common post-operative complications in horses including gastrointestinal issues like adhesions and infections, as well as orthopedic complications involving casts and implants. It provides details on the pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment options for various complications that can arise after surgery in horses such as adhesions, incisional infections, dehiscence, hernias, and rectal tears.
The carpus has 3 joints - the antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints. The middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints always communicate. There are 8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows. Various ligaments and tendon sheaths stabilize the carpal bones and allow for flexion and extension. The carpal canal encloses tendons and nerves within the palmar annular ligament. Anatomy of the carpus is complex with multiple bones, joints, ligaments, and tendon sheaths that require careful study to understand carpal function and regional anesthesia.
This document provides an overview of tarsus anatomy in three parts:
1) It identifies the bones that make up the tarsus and their articulations with the tibia and metatarsal bones.
2) It describes the joints of the tarsus, including the tarsocrural, talocalcaneal, and tarsometatarsal joints.
3) It outlines the ligaments, muscles, tendons, bursas and innervation associated with the tarsus.
AAEP Core Competencies for New Veterinary GraduatesDane Tatarniuk
油
This document outlines core competencies that new veterinary school graduates in equine practice should possess. It is divided into medical knowledge, examinations, techniques, reproduction, anesthesia, husbandry techniques, surgery, client education and regulatory, business of veterinary medicine, dentistry, and post-internship/one-year skills. For each category, specific skills are listed that educators and employers feel are important for new graduates to achieve career success. The identification of these core competencies is based on a published survey of equine practitioners regarding the frequency of activities in private practice and the proficiency expected of new graduates.
This document provides an overview of nerve and joint blocks in large animals. It discusses the anatomy, techniques, and uses of various nerve blocks including palmar digital, abaxial sesamoid, four-point, and six-point nerve blocks. It also reviews joint blocks such as distal interphalangeal, metacarpal-phalangeal, and radio-carpal joint blocks. The document aims to serve as a reference for veterinarians performing nerve and joint blocks to aid in lameness diagnosis and provide analgesia for surgical procedures.
This document discusses the use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of tendon injuries in horses. PRP involves concentrating the platelets found in a horse's own blood, which contain growth factors, and injecting them into an injured tendon to aid the healing process. The document reviews what PRP is, how it is prepared, common indications for its use, and the procedure for administering PRP to a tendon lesion in a horse.
The two most common indications for rib resection are pericarditis and pleuritis. Pericarditis is more common in cattle and involves inflammation of the sac around the heart. Pleuritis, which is more common in horses, involves inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. Rib resection surgery involves removing a rib to access the chest cavity and treat the underlying condition. Cattle have a complete mediastinum, meaning only the affected lung will collapse after surgery. Prognosis is generally better for pleuritis than pericarditis.
This document discusses three uncommon causes of foot lameness: canker, keratoma, and quittor.
[1] Canker is a chronic infectious disease of the epidermal tissues of the foot, usually originating in the frog and spreading. It presents as a fetid odor and granulation tissue in the frog. Treatment involves debridement, topical antibiotics, and keeping the foot clean and dry.
[2] Keratoma is excessive keratin production between the hoof wall and distal phalanx, causing a hard mass. Diagnosis is via radiographs showing a radiolucent lesion. Surgical removal is required for resolution.
[3] Quittor is chronic
Co-Chairs, Robert M. Hughes, DO, and Christina Y. Weng, MD, MBA, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to retinal vein occlusion for this CME activity titled Retinal Disease in Emergency Medicine: Timely Recognition and Referral for Specialty Care. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3NyN81S. CME credit will be available until March 3, 2026.
Chair, Grzegorz (Greg) S. Nowakowski, MD, FASCO, discusses diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in this CME activity titled Addressing Unmet Needs for Better Outcomes in DLBCL: Leveraging Prognostic Assessment and Off-the-Shelf Immunotherapy Strategies. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aid, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/49JdxV4. CME credit will be available until February 27, 2026.
Rabies Bali 2008-2020_WRD Webinar_WSAVA 2020_Final.pptxWahid Husein
油
A decade of rabies control programmes in Bali with support from FAO ECTAD Indonesia with Mass Dog Vaccination, Integrated Bite Case Management, Dog Population Management, and Risk Communication as the backbone of the programmes
Chair, Joshua Sabari, MD, discusses NSCLC in this CME activity titled Modern Practice Principles in Lung CancerFirst Find the Targets, Then Treat With Precision: A Concise Guide for Biomarker Testing and EGFR-Targeted Therapy in NSCLC. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aid, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3VomnBV. CME credit will be available until February 26, 2026.
Explore the impact of thyroid disorders in pregnancy, including causes, risks, diagnosis, and management strategies to ensure maternal and fetal health.
Digestive Powerhouses: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas for Nursing StudentsViresh Mahajani
油
This educational PowerPoint presentation is designed to equip GNM students with a solid understanding of the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. It explores the anatomical structures, physiological processes, and clinical significance of these vital organs. Key topics include:
Liver functions: detoxification, metabolism, and bile synthesis.
Gallbladder: bile storage and release.
Pancreas: exocrine and endocrine functions, including digestive enzyme and hormone production. This presentation is ideal for GNM students seeking a clear and concise review of these important digestive system components."
1. Explain the physiological control of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow
2. Describe the humoral and autoregulatory feedback mechanisms that mediate the autoregulation of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate
Creatines Untold Story and How 30-Year-Old Lessons Can Shape the FutureSteve Jennings
油
Creatine burst into the public consciousness in 1992 when an investigative reporter inside the Olympic Village in Barcelona caught wind of British athletes using a product called Ergomax C150. This led to an explosion of interest in and questions about the ingredient after high-profile British athletes won multiple gold medals.
I developed Ergomax C150, working closely with the late and great Dr. Roger Harris (1944 2024), and Prof. Erik Hultman (1925 2011), the pioneering scientists behind the landmark studies of creatine and athletic performance in the early 1990s.
Thirty years on, these are the slides I used at the Sports & Active Nutrition Summit 2025 to share the story, the lessons from that time, and how and why creatine will play a pivotal role in tomorrows high-growth active nutrition and healthspan categories.
At Macafem, we provide 100% natural support for women navigating menopause. For over 20 years, we've helped women manage symptoms, and in 2024, we're proud to share their heartfelt experiences.
Dr. Jaymee Shells Perspective on COVID-19Jaymee Shell
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Dr. Jaymee Shell views the COVID-19 pandemic as both a crisis that exposed weaknesses and an opportunity to build stronger systems. She emphasizes that the pandemic revealed critical healthcare inequities while demonstrating the power of collaboration and adaptability.
Shell highlights that organizations with gender-diverse executive teams are 25% more likely to experience above-average profitability, positioning diversity as a business necessity rather than just a moral imperative. She notes that the pandemic disproportionately affected women of color, with one in three women considering leaving or downshifting their careers.
To combat inequality, Shell recommends implementing flexible work policies, establishing clear metrics for diversity in leadership, creating structured virtual collaboration spaces, and developing comprehensive wellness programs. For healthcare providers specifically, she advocates for multilingual communication systems, mobile health units, telehealth services with alternatives for those lacking internet access, and cultural competency training.
Shell emphasizes the importance of mental health support through culturally appropriate resources, employee assistance programs, and regular check-ins. She calls for diverse leadership teams that reflect the communities they serve and community-centered care models that address social determinants of health.
In her words: "The COVID-19 pandemic didn't create healthcare inequalities it illuminated them." She urges building systems that reach every community and provide dignified care to all.
BIOMECHANICS OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE SHOULDER COMPLEX.pptxdrnidhimnd
油
The shoulder complex acts as in coordinated fashion to provide the smoothest and greatest range of motion possible of the upper limb.
Combined motion of GH and ST joint of shoulder complex helps in:
Distribution of motion between other two joints.
Maintenance of glenoid fossa in optimal position.
Maintenance of good length tension
Although some amount of glenohumeral motion may occur while the other shoulder articulations remain stabilized, movement of the humerus more commonly involves some movement at all three shoulder joints.