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Could have and should have simple
- 1. Could have and Should have
- 2. Could have vs. Should have Offer options and advice after an event has occurred Options and Advice of Past Events After a disaster, such as the sinking of the Titanic, people analyze options that were available at the time. Then they recommend changes so that accidents can be avoided in the future.
- 3. Could have and Should have COULD HAVE SHOULD HAVE Could have expresses an opinion or suggestion for a past option not chosen. Other hypothetical choices are discussed after a tragedy in order to avoid a re- occurrence. Should have expresses an opinion or advice for a past situation. After other hypothetical options are considered, the best option(s) is/are selected as advice. A PAST OPTION LATE ADVICE Passengers could have taken other smaller transatlantic ships. he owners should have supplied enough lifeboats for everyone. The captain could have chosen a more southern transatlantic route. The captain should have insisted on better emergency preparation. The owners could have pressed designers to include more safety flotation compartments. The passengers should have asked about the number of lifeboats. Watchmen could have asked the captain to slow down due to fog. The captain should have been cruising more slowly in the northern ship lanes.
- 4. Could have is used for alternative options. There are many things that could have been done. Maybe, they would have made a difference, maybe not. Should have is used for the best option. This is / these are the key, most important, things that would have made a difference. (After the Titanic Inquiry, they became recommendations for changes in maritime rules.)
- 5. Could Have Lost Opportunity Could have had the opportunity, but didn't take it OPTION HYPOTHETICAL STATEMENT 1) Offer more life jackets. he owners could have supplied more life jackets. (but they didn't) 2) Hold emergency practices. The captain could have held emergency practices. (but he didn't) 3) Keep in contact with other ships in the area. The captain could have radioed other ships in the area to ask about iceberg sightings. (but he didn't)
- 6. One expression with two meanings TATEMENT OF POSSIBILITY HYPOTHETICAL STATEMENT The captain could have refused help. Maybe he did, maybe he didn't. The captain could have refused to pilot the ship. but he didn't. The Titanic could have been off course, too far north. Maybe it was, maybe it wasn't. The captain could have held emergency practices. but he didn't. The captain of the ship Californian could have ignored the call. Maybe he did, maybe he didn't. The White Star Line could have supplied more boats. but they didn't.
- 7. Should Have Late Advice Should have advice given after-the-fact ADVICE HYPOTHETICAL CAUSE - EFFECT STATEMENTS 1) Include more life boats and better deployment (lowering them) The owners should have had enough space in the lifeboats for everyone on board. The crew should have known how to lower the boats even if the ship was tipping over. 2) Require faster emergency response from other ships in the area. The captains of the Californian and Carpathia should have had their radios on. They should have responded to distress flares that were shot in the sky. 3) Be more watchful in shipping lanes where icebergs exist. The captain should have listened to earlier reports of icebergs in the area.
- 8. SHOULD HAVE AND COULD HAVE Should (not) Have + Past Participle Could (not) Important to Remember
- 9. Something else We could use could (or might or may) + have + past participle to speculate about the past. We use it to say that a past event was possible but didnt happen. We use should + have + past participle to express past regrets ( I should have worked harder) or to criticize past actions. (You should have worked harder)
- 11. We use it for no possibility If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car. e.g. Third conditional talks about the past, about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
- 12. According to the previous statement we can say that So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the Past Perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use would have + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.
- 13. More Examples
- 14. A little more
- 15. Something important to remember THIRD CONDITIONAL If + past perfect, Would Could (not) might Have + past participle