Counselling in the_context_of_hiv_and_old_age
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Counseling in the context of HIV/AIDS, Counseling and Psychotherapy for Elderly, Old age and Retirement.
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Counselling in the_context_of_hiv_and_old_age
- 1. Counselling in the Context of HIV/AIDS; Counselling and psychotherapy for Elderly: old age and retirement Submitted by, Samuel Roy S2, MSW No:1425
- 2. HIV/AIDS COUNSELLING When patients know that they have HIV infection they may suffer great psychosocial and psychological stresses through a fear of rejection, social stigma, disease progression and the uncertainty associated with future management of HIV. General aims of HIV/AIDS counselling are Prevention of HIV transmission. Support of those affected directly or indirectly by HIV.
- 3. RISK ASSESSMENT COUNSELLING A diagnostic service that is available whether self-administered risk assessment could improve targeting of HIV counselling and testing in a STD clinic. It involves Assessment of risk factors. Assessment of current intent and plans. Assess to current suicidal intent Assessment of needs
- 4. RISK REDUCTION COUNSELLING Collect their history, past risk behaviours, information about sexual practices and drug use. Provides some basic information on HIV/AIDS and how it is transmitted. Try to give several options for volunteers to protect themselves. - Create an environment that allows volunteers to be comfortable discussing their personal behaviours. - Remain objective and avoid judging is effective in getting people to change their behaviours and reduce their risk.
- 5. PRE-TEST COUNSELLING Provide information on the technical aspects of testing and the possible personal, medical, social, psychological, legal and ethical implication of being diagnosed as either HIV positive or negative. Guidelines Reasons for testing. Assessment of risk. Beliefs and knowledge about HIV infection. Information about the test. The implications of an HIV test result. Anticipate the results. Confidentiality of test results.
- 6. Informed consent. Information about giving results and on going support. The waiting period. Anticipate difficult waiting period by discussing: - People whom the client might contact for moral support while waiting. - Encourage them to contact you or colleague if they have any questions. - Counsel the client on how to protect sex partners. - Encourage the client to do something enjoyable to keep himself or herself occupied
- 7. POST-TEST COUNSELLING Pre and post test counselling should preferably be done by the same person because the established relationship between the client and counsellor provides a sense of continuity for the client. Thus counsellor will also have a better idea of how to approach the post-test counselling.
- 8. Sharing news with the client. Test results should be given to the client personally. Feedback should take place in a quiet, private environment. Use simple and straight forward language. Choose neutral words when conveying result. Counsellors task is to convey optimism and hope.
- 9. Client reaction to a positive result. Allow the client to deal with the news in their own way. Give the opportunity to express their feelings. Counsellor should show empathy, warmth and caring. Maintain neutrality and respond professionally to outbursts. Responding to client needs. An attitude of non-judgemental empathic attentiveness is more important than doing or saying specific things.
- 10. STI COUNSELLING Before offering counselling; Identify The needs of the client which may relate to stress or anxiety about the particular aspect of STI. Special need for confidential risk assessment and planning for risk reduction. Counselling skills, privacy and the time including availability for follow-up discussions.
- 11. Issues to be addressed, Informing partners about STI diagnosis. Assessing patients risk for HIV and deciding whether or not to undergo testing for HIV. Learning about worrisome complications such as infertility, congenital syphilis etc. Prevention of future infections. Confidentiality, disclosure and the risk of violence or stigmatizing reactions from spouse, partner, family, friends etc.
- 12. Counseling for the Elderly- Old age & Retirement Counseling Counseling is a scientific process of assistance extended by an expert in an individual situation to a needy individual. Counseling involves relationship between two persons in which one of them (counselor) attempts to assists the other(counselee or the client) in organizing himself as to attain a particular form of happiness, adjusting to a life situation or in short, self actualization.
- 13. Geriatric ( old age) counseling Counseling given to older people Geriatric counselors assist older adults with choosing from the wide array of social and health services and programs available to them. Geriatric counselors are care managers for older adults, helping them to facilitate family support, provides direct care and coordinate care from professional systems
- 14. Purpose Assisting older adults and their families or other concerned parties in realistically assessing needs and creating personalized plans tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. Geriatric counseling It is a type of counseling that is meant to offer assistance to offer assistance to older adults during this difficult transition period in their lives. It begins typically by assisting elderly individuals with a number of problems, from mental health issues to finding transportation.
- 15. The roles of a Geriatric Counselor Geriatric counselors are to be experts at understanding the needs of their clients, solution for their problems, accessibility of required services and so on. Must be familiar with the client and his illnesses, disabilities or limitations Develop a comprehensive care plan that includes all the possible services the individual requires. They should arrange frequent visits with clients to ensure that their needs are met, identifying any changes that necessitate an individuals needs for new programs or services
- 16. Care management Acts as a liaison between elderly people and their physicians. Must has extensive knowledge about the diseases like Alzheimers, Parkinson's, diabetes and other age related problems. They must focus on study, diagnosis and assessment of the clients and their behaviors. And using this information, develop a treatment plan for the client . Counseling. Another role is in the education realm. Geriatric counselors could provide trainings and classes to a variety of people. They will work with the family members of the elderly clients to teach them how they can best support their loved ones in old age. Advocacy.
- 17. Retirement Counseling The concept of Retirement: Retirement implies the terminal cessation, relaxation or change over of financially remunerative employment. It is a life stage It is a period of economic inactivity or a change over in ones economic inactivity, socially / legally prescribed for workers in later life Retirement is a phenomenon characterized by separation of the worker from paid employment, which has the characteristic of an occupation or a career over a period of time. It is essentially a period of adjustment
- 18. Types of Retirement 1. Voluntary Retirement= when the employee decides on his own retirement from the service before the attainment of stipulated retiring age or years of service. 2. Compulsory Retirement = it occurs when the employee had to retire because he has attained the maximum age of retirement or years of service. 3. Forced Retirement = it occurs when the employee is not consulted before he is made to withdraw from service with or without benefits.
- 19. Sources of Retirement Stress & Problems Fear or anxiety about retirement Serious plans on post retirement life Lack of understanding Financial problems Social stigma Health constraints Retirement is associated with financial stress Adjustment problems
- 20. Concept of Retirement Counseling It is the process of providing prospective retirees with factual information needed to make a pleasant transition from the world of work into the world of less rigorous occupational schedules- retirement A review of insurance policies Management of personal income during retirement Explanation of the retirement process General information about social security Medicare coverage and acquisition of life skills needed for optional adjustment to retirement roles.
- 21. Services includes Information services Vocation services Planning, placement and follow-up services Referral services