14. 13
?Schematic salamander retina
Reference:
Roska B, Nemeth E, Orzo L,
Werblin FS (2000) Three Levels of
Lateral Inhibition: A Space-Time
Study of the Retina of the Tiger
Salamander. J. Neurosci.,
20(5):1941-1951
5. 視網膜架構
Tiger Salamander
II.人工視網膜
13
15. 14
(a) Cone Cell
(b) Horizontal Cell
(c) OFF Bipolar Cell
(d) ON Bipolar Cell
* 1: At the start of the stimulus
* 2: At the end of the stimulus
?The Space Pattern of Activity at the Four Kinds of Cells
Reference:
Roska B, Nemeth E, Orzo L, Werblin FS (2000) Three Levels
of Lateral Inhibition: A Space-Time Study of the Retina of the
Tiger Salamander. J. Neurosci., 20(5):1941-1951
5. 視網膜架構
IV.人工視網膜
14
16. 15
(a) Cone Cell (b) Horizontal Cell
(c) OFF Bipolar Cell(d) ON Bipolar Cell
?The Temporal Pattern of Activity at the Four Kinds of Cells
Reference:
Roska B, Nemeth E, Orzo L, Werblin FS (2000) Three Levels
of Lateral Inhibition: A Space-Time Study of the Retina of the
Tiger Salamander. J. Neurosci., 20(5):1941-1951
* 3: At the center of the stimulus
* 4: At the edge of the stimulus
5. 視網膜架構
IV.人工視網膜
15
21. Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
20
Healthy Macula
正常黃斑
Dry AMD(乾性)
Wet AMD(濕性)
Courtesy of Prof.
Wentai Liu
6. Retinal Diseases (視網膜疾病)
老年黃斑退化
II.人工視網膜
29. Prospects of Clinical Trial Device
Years
Vision
PeopletobeHelped
Hand Motion
Finger Count
Face recognition
1,000,000
60
electrodes
200+
electrode
20/20
100,000
12,000,000
1000
electrode
28
Courtesy of Prof.
Wentai Liu
7. 劉文泰教授所研發之人工電子眼
II.人工視網膜
32. 64-pixel 雙向刺激視網膜晶片
晶片特色:雙向刺激、電極縮小、高刺激電流
Process Technology Tsmc 65nm
1P6M3X1Z1U
Pixel number 8 x 8 pixels
Photo-sensing area per
solar cell
5μm x 5μm
Solar cell number of extra-
pixel surrounding
power supply
27086
Pixel size 150μm x 150μm
Exposure electrode size 65μm x 65μm
Return electrode width 25μm
Pixel-sensing photodiode
number per pixel
100
Pixel spacing 5μm
Chip size 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm
II.人工視網膜
34. 33
1. 癲癇是什麼?
?Epilepsy is defined as a tendency to have recurrent seizures.
癲癇症的定義為反覆不斷的癲癇發作(seizure)
?A epileptic seizure is caused by a sudden burst of excess electrical
activity in the brain. 癲癇發作為腦部異常放電所引起
? 70 million people have epilepsy worldwide
全球約有七千萬人為癲癇症患者
To the ancient Egyptians the term 'nsjt' (= nesejet
= epilepsy) signified a disease which was sent by
the gods and which was extremely dangerous.
III. 癲癇治療元件
Courtesy of Prof. Dr. Yue-Loong Hsin
39. ? 為何要使用植入元件?
? 70% of the patients can be treated with single drug
70%的患者可服用單一藥物控制
? 25% need more than two kinds of drugs
25%需要超過兩種以上藥物合併控制
? for else 5%, seizure is uncontrollable with medicine
?Consider surgery to remove seizure location of the brain
對於其他 5%病患 藥物效果不佳 可考慮手術
?Risk of the surgery: 但手術(移除發作之腦組織)有風險
? memory impairment 失憶
? visual field loss 視野缺損
? affect moving function 影響運動功能
38
III. 癲癇治療元件
2. 癲癇的醫療方式
40. Epilepsy research in the world
39
MIT
Purdue Univ.
Medtronic TI
Univ. of Michigan
Univ. of Illinois
National Chiao Tung Univ.
Notre Dame Hospital &
? cole Polytechnique
de Montréal
Univ. of Toronto
Univ. College Dublin &
Univ. College Cork
42. 41
Position of Implantation
Controller &
Master Coil for power
transmission
Package containing
ICs, coil, antenna
Planar electrode
3D penetrate
electrode
III. 癲癇治療元件