Cstsj
- 1. DIPLOMA IN COUNSALLING An Out-Reach Programme in Kilinochchi 2014-2015 Conducted by The National Institute of Social Development (NISD) No Name Re.No 01 Mr.R.Rajan DC/KD/2014/T/14 Course Code DIPC 115 Students Registration No DC/KD/2014/T/14 Assignment No 05 Date for Submission 28.12.2014
- 2. cstsj;Jiz Ma;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid tpsf;fp Ma;tpd; tiffis RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
- 3. cstsj;Jiz mwpKfk; ,d;iwa cstsj;Jiz midj;J JiwfspYk; rpwe;J tpoq;Ffpd;wJ. jw;fhy rpf;fy; tha;e;j cyfpy; kdpjd; gy;NtW rpukq;fis vjph;nfhs;fpd;whd;. ngUk;ghyhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtd; ,r;rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;Sk; rf;jpiag; ngw;whYk; rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtdhy; mtw;iw vjph;nfhs;s Kbtjpy;iy. mr;re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mjw;fhd tsq;fis mtd; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. ,jd;NghJ jdJ FLk;gk; ez;gh;fs;> kjFUkhh;fs;> mayth;fsJ MNyhridfisg;ngw;W ,g;gpur;rpidfis jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;fpwhd;. vdpDk; vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; ,th;fsJ MNyhridfs; mtDf;F NghJkhdjhf mike;JtpLtjpy;iy. mJ mtidr; rq;flg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij mth;fsplk; mtd; $wj;jaq;fyhk;. my;yJ mjidf;$w mth;fs; nghUj;jkw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpNyNa cstsj;Jiz kpfTk; gaDs;s xU topKiwahFk;. cstsj;Jiz nrad;KiwahdJ kw;nwhU kdpj caphpy; gy;NtW khw;wq;fis Njhw;Wtpf;ff;$ba kpfTk; rthyhd xU gzpahFk;. Jizahsh; xUtuJ Nehiaf;fz;Lgpbg;gtuy;y> Fwpj;j eghpdJ gpur;rpidia jpwe;j kdJld; cd;dpg;ghfr;nrtpkLg;gtuhtu;. Nrit ehbNahL Nrh;e;J gzpahw;wp mtuJ gpur;rpidfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L mjidj;jPh;f;f cjTgtuhth;. ,e;j tifapy; cstsj;Jiz NritahdJ xUtuJ gpur;rpidiag;Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtUf;F cjTtjw;Fk; topfhl;Ltjw;Fkhd mtrpakhd topKiwhFk;. jdpahs; xUth; jdJ gpur;rpidfis JizahsUld; Neupw; fye;Jiuahb gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T fhZk; El;gNk cstsj;Jizr;NritahFk; vd Nghbd; vd;w gpuNahf cstpaywpQh; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. cstsj;Jiz Ma;T
- 4. nghUj;jkhdJk; KiwahdJkhd Kiwapaiyg; gad;gLj;jp; cs-r%fg; gpur;rpid vjph;Nehf;Fk; Nritehbfs; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpw;F r%f gz;ghl;Lf; fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fisg; gpd;gw;wp nghUj;jkhdJk; Mf;fg;g+h;tkhdJkhd jPh;it toq;Fk; nghUl;L elhj;jg;gLk; Mo;e;j tprhuizNa cstsj;Jiz Ma;T vdg; nghUs;gLk;. Ma;T mwpKfk; Ma;T vd;gJ nka;ikapidf; fz;lwpAk; Gyikg;gapw;rp Mfpd;wJ. tpjpfs;> re;jh;g;gq;fs;> Njhw;wg;ghLfs;> gz;Gfs;> mikg;Gf;fs;> $Wfs;> myFfs; vd;wthW vtw;iw mbnahw;wpAk; Ma;Tfis mikf;fyhk;. Ma;T tuyhw;W tsh;r;rpapy; nka;apayhsh;fspd; gq;Fk;> gzpfSk; rpwg;gplq;fisg; ngw;wpUe;jd. nka;apayhsh;fs; jUf;f Kiwik my;yJ msitapay; Kiwikiag; (Logical Method) gad;gLj;jp nka;ikia mwpa Kl;gl;lhh;fs;. msitapay; Kiwikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl fzpjf; fy;tpAk; jPtpu tsh;r;rpAs;sJ. msitapay; Kiwik Ma;Tfisj; njhlh;e;J> tpQ;Qhd Kiwik> Ma;tpay; tuyhw;wpNy ngU tsh;r;rpaile;jJ. tpQ;Qhd Kiwapd; Kf;fpakhd gz;G> mDgtepiy ghPl;rpj;jYf;F (EMPIRICALLY TESTABLE) topaikj;jyhFk;. ,e;epiyapy; ghpNrhjidfNs nka;ikiaf; fz;lwptjw;Fhpa jpwTNfhy; vd tpQ;Qhd Ma;Tfspy; fUjg;gl;lJ. tpQ;Qhd Kiwikia nrk;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;F msitapay; Kiwik njhlh;e;Jk; cjtptUfpd;wJ. Ma;tpd; gy;NtW epiyfs; mbg;gilfis Nehf;fpa Ma;Tfs;> gpuNahfq;fis Nehf;fpa Ma;Tfs;> gad;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;Fk; Ma;Tfs;> Ma;T vd;gJ Gyik rhh;e;j xU njhopw;ghlhfpd;wJ. gpur;rpid ,dk; fhz;gJk;> gpur;rpidfSf;F kPs;tbtk; nfhLg;gJk; Ma;tpd; njhlf;fkhfpd;wJ. vz;zf;Nfhs;fis (Hypothesis) cUthf;Fjy;> juTfis Nrfhpj;jy;> xOq;fikj;jy;> GlkpLjy;> kjpg;gPL nra;jy;> njhFj;jy;> KbTfis Nehf;fptUjy; vd;wthW Ma;tpd; ghpkhzq;fis tpsf;fpdhYk; Ma;T mj;Jiz vspjhdjd;W. eilKiwfspypUe;J Nfhl;ghLfis Nehf;fp efh;jYk;> Nfhl;ghLfspypUe;J eilKiwfis mZFjYk; Ma;tpd; gpw ghpkhzq;fshfpd;wd. Ma;tpd; topahf Nfhl;ghLfs;> tpjpfs; (Laws) fz;lwpag;gLjYk;> Ma;tpd; Nkw;fpsk;gy; tbtq;fshfpd;wd. Ma;tpd; gpuNahfq;fspNy gaDilik (UTILITY) cl;nghjpe;jpUf;Fk;.
- 5. xU csr%f Ma;thsd; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l gpur;rpidf;F tpilia Njl Ntz;batuhfpd;whh;. Nkyjpfkhf fw;f J}z;lg;gLfpd;whh;. Kiwahd Kiwapy; fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J mwT> jpwd; kw;Wk; kdg;ghq;if tpUj;jpahf;f KaYthh;;. vt;thW xU Ma;thsd; Ma;T tpdhit Jyf;Ffpd;whh;. Xh; Ma;T tpdh> Ma;it nra;gtiu rhpahd ghijapy; topelj;j cjTfpd;wJ. xU gpur;rpidf;fhd Gjph; vd;dntd mwpTk; nghUl;L xUtUila mwpthh;e;j Mh;tk; kw;Wk; fzpg;G Mfpatw;iw J}z;Lfpd;wJ. cstpay; Ma;TKiwfs; cstpay; cz;ikfis Ma;e;J fz;L gpbg;gjw;F cstpay; epGzh;fs; gy Ma;T Kiwfisf; ifahSfpd;wdh;. ,it kdpjdpd; tsh;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp> elj;ij> mwpthw;wy;> MSik Mfpait gw;wpa tpguq;fisr; Nrfhpg;gjw;Fk;> Nrfhpj;j tpguq;fisg; gFj;jha;e;J cstpay; Nfhl;ghLfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;> nraw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> cstpay; rhh;e;j gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;Fk;> ,k;Kiwapay;fs; gad;gLfpd;wd. 1. mfNehf;fy; Kiw - Method of Introspection 2. ghpNrhjid Kiw - Experimental Method 3. cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw - Objective Observation 4. tpUj;jp Kiw - Developmental Method 5. tho;f;ifr; rk;gtg; gjpNtl;L Kiw - Anecdotae Method 6. tuyhw;W Ma;T Kiw - Case History method 7. Gs;spapay; Kiw - Statistical Methods
- 6. 8. kUj;JtKiw - Clinical Method 9. r%f msitapay; Kiw - Sociomemetry mfNehf;fy; Kiw (Method of Introspection) cstpay; Ma;T Kiwfspy; kpf neLq;fhykhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j Kiwahf jw;Nrhjid Kiw vdg;gLk; mfNehf;fy; Kiw fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; cstpay; Ma;thsh; jdJ cs;sj;Js; vOk; mDgtq;fisAk;> epfOk; khWjy;fisAk; mit epfOk; NghNj Muha;e;J> mtw;wpd; ,ay;Gfis mwpa Kw;gLfpd;whh;. ,k;KiwapD}lhf vOk; KbTfs; MSf;F Ms; NtWglyhk;. cs;sj;jpy; vOk; mDgtq;fis mit epfOk; NghNj Muha;tJ fbdkhdJ. ,k; Kiwikia mwpT Kjph;r;rpAilath;fNs gad;gLj;Jjy; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. FiwghLfs; ,Ug;gpDk; cstpay; Kiwfspy; mf Nehf;fy; Kiw Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wJ. cstpay; Ma;Tfspy; gy kdpjdJ cs;sj;Js; epfo;git> GyDzh;r;rpfs;> tpk;gq;fs;> mfr;rhay;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; jd;ikfis mwpa mff;fhl;rp Kiwad;wp NtW VJk; Kiwfs; gadspf;fhJ. ghpNrhjid Kiw (Experimental Method) cstpaiy xU tpQ;Qhdkhfg; ghpzkpf;f itj;jJ ghpNrhjid KiwNa MFk;. ghpNrhjid KiwAk; cw;WNehf;fy; Kiwapd; xU gphpthfTs;sJ. ,g;ghpNrhjid Kiwapy; ngwg;gLk; KbTfisg; gpwUk; rhpghh;f;fyhk;. ,d;W cstpay; Jiw njhlh;ghd ghpNrhjidf; $lq;fs; cyfk; KOtjpYk; cz;L. ,g;ghpNrhjid KiwNa cstpay; Ma;T Kiwfspy; rpwe;jjhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;ltl;lkhd fzpg;G KiwfNshL ghpNrhjid Kiw ,ize;jjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw (Objective Observation) gpwuJ elj;ijfisj; njhlh;e;J $h;e;J ftdpj;J mjpypUe;J Njhd;Wk; cz;ikfis mwpAk; Kiw cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw vdg;gLk;. cstpaypd; cs;shh;e;j gz;Gfis mfNehf;fy; Kiwahy; mZFtJ Nghy; Gwg;gz;Gfs; cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiwahy; kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiwiaj; njhlh;r;rpahff; ifahSk; NghJ jtWfs; ePf;fg;gl;L Kiwahd tpjpKiwfisf; fz;lwpayhk;.
- 7. ,d;W ,t; cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw kpf etPd tsh;r;rp fz;Ls;sJ. Kiwahd gapw;rp ngw;w Nehf;fh;fs; xNu rkaj;jpy; xUtdJ elj;ijia cw;WNehf;fp Fwpg;ngLj;jy;> elj;ijapd; gy $Wfis cw;W Nehf;fhJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l $wpid kl;Lk; cw;W Nehf;FtJ> cw;W Nehf;fg;gLgtUf;Fj; njhpahkNy mtuJ elj;ijfisf; $h;e;J ftdpg;gJ ,ij xUtopg;ghh;it fz;zhbfs; nghUj;jg;gl;l miwfspy; ,Ue;J Nkw;nfhs;syhk;> kw;Wk; tPbNah fkuh. xypg;gjpTf; fUtpfs;> ,yj;jpudpay; rhjdg;gjpTfspypUe;J elj;ijfis Kiwahfg; gjpTnra;J cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw Ma;itr; rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jpy; gjpTfs; kpf Kf;fpakhdit. tpUj;jp Kiw (Developmental Method) xU kdpjdpd; Foe;ijg;gUtk; njhlq;fp Kjph;r;rpailAk; tiu mtdJ elj;ijfs; nkJthf tpUj;jpailfpd;wd. Mz;Lf;F Mz;L> gUtj;jpw;F gUtk; mit khWgLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw Nehf;fp MuhAk; KiwNa tpUj;jpKiw vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; cw;W Nehf;fYk; mlq;FfpwJ. ,J ,Utifg;gLk;. xd;W xNu taJs;s Foe;ijfisr; rpy tUlq;fs; Nehf;Fjy; (neLq;Nfhl;L Kiw)> kw;iwaJ gytaJf; Foe;ijfis xNu rkaj;jpy; Nehf;fp mth;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; NtWghLfspdpd;Wk; tsh;r;rpapd; Nghf;if mwpjy; (FWf;F ntl;L Kiw). cstpaywpQh; gpahN[ ,k;KiwfspD}lhf gy Ma;Tfis epfo;j;jpdhh;. tho;f;ifr; rk;gtg; gjpNtl;L Kiw (Anecdotae Method) khdpl tho;f;ifapy; epfOk; rk;gtq;fis> epfo;Tfis mt;tg;NghJ Fwpj;J itj;jy;. Kf;fpa gUtq;fspy; epfo;e;j epfo;r;rpfis me;epfo;r;rpf;Ff; Fwpj;jth; fhl;ba Jyq;fy;fis mtuJ kd ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpj;J gjpag;gLfpwJ. ,JTk; xUtif cw;W Nehf;fyhfNt cs;sJ. ,g;gjpTfspypUe;J Njitahd NghJ jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,k;Kiwapy; mftak;> fUj;Njw;wq;fs;> Cfq;fSf;F re;jh;g;gq;fs; Vw;glyhk;. ,tw;wpd; jhf;fk; ,k;Kiw Ma;tpd; gad;ghl;ilf; Fiwj;JtpLk;. MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Nritapy; tho;f;ifr; rk;gtg; gjpNtl;L Kiwik $Ljyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tuyhw;W Ma;T Kiw (Case - History method)
- 8. ,k;Kiwik newp gpwo; euk;G Neha; nfhz;l rpwhh;fis Ma;T nra;J rPh;jpUj;Jtjw;fhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ midtUf;Fk; gaDs;s Xh; Ma;T KiwahfTs;sJ. Fwpj;j rpWth;> mtUila #oy;> trpg;gplk;> tho;T vd;gd tuyhw;W hPjpahf Muhag;gl;L jfty;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mtUila jw;Nghija tho;tpd; jhf;fq;fSf;F Kd;ida epiyfs; vt;thW fhuzkhf ,Ue;jd vd;gij Muha ,k;Kiw cjTk;. vy;NyhUk; ,k;Kiwiar; rhpahfg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. ,jw;fhd rhpahd gapw;rp ngw;w cskUj;Jth;> r%f Copah;> MrphpaNu ,t;tha;it Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. Gs;spapay; Kiw (Statistical Methods) ,jpy; Muhag;gLk; cstpay; gpur;rpidAld; njhlh;Gila vy;yhg; Gs;sp tpguq;fSk; jpul;lg;gl;L> gpd;dh; mit njhFf;fg;gl;L tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,it EZf;fkhd fzpj Kiwfspdhy; Muhag;gLfpd;wd. ,Wjpapy; mg;gpur;rpidapd; nghJg;gz;Gfs; mwpag;gLfpd;wd. Ez;zwpT ,ay;Gfshy; fzpg;gPLfs;> kjpg;gPLfs;> jug;gLj;jy; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; ,k;Kiw cjTfpd;wJ. NkYk; tpdhf;nfhj;J Kiw> csg;gFg;G Kiw> fs Ma;T Kiw> etPd euk;gpay; tpQ;Qhd Kiw vd;gdTk; cstpay; Ma;T Kiwfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. kUj;JtKiw (Clinical Method) NjitfSf;F Vw;g ,k;Kiwapay; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. kd mOj;jk;> cs Neha;fs; cs;s rpWth;fs;> nghpNahh;fsplkpUe;J Neha; jhf;fpa ehs;> Nehapd; mwpFwpfs;> cly;epiy> ,uj;j mOj;jk;> rpWePh; Nghf;F> elj;ij> cly; NfhshWfs;> czh;r;rp trg;gLjy; epiy vd;gdtw;iw Kiwahf ,dk; fz;L kUj;Jtk; nra;tij ,k;Kiwapay; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd kUe;J tiffSk; cs;sd. NkYk; ,J njhlh;ghd Ma;Tfisr; nra;a gy etPd kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhdf; fUtpfSk; ghtidf;F te;Js;sd. etPd kUj;Jttpay; rhjidfs; ,d;W cs mgptpUj;jp> cs Neha; ePf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; ngUk;gq;if tfpf;fpd;wd. r%f msitapay; Kiw (Sociometry) r%f myF> ghlrhiy> ghlrhiy tFg;giw Mfpa fsq;fspy; r%f cstpay; rhh;e;j Ma;Tfis elhj;j ,k;Kiw gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fsq;fspy; kdpjh;fspd; ,ay;Gfs;> kdg;ghd;ikfis mwpaTk;> gpwo;T eltbf;iffis
- 9. ePf;fTk; kw;Wk; el;Gzh;T> Gwf;fzpg;G> ntWg;G> xJq;fp tho;jy; Nghd;w ,ay;Gfspd; cs mikg;gpay;Gfis MuhaTk;> r%fj; njhlh;ghly; kakhjiy Muha;e;J mse;jwpaTk;> r%f cstpay; jhf;fq;fisf; fz;lwpaTk; ,k;Kiwapay; nghpJk; cjTfpd;wJ. ,d;iwa cyfpy; ,j;Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp kpf NtfkhfTs;sJ. Ma;T Kiwapay; (Research Methodology) jfty; Nrfhpg;G Kiwfs; 1. Kjyhk; ju jfty;fs; Neh;fhzy;>mtjhdk;> Mfpa Kiwfs; %yk; jfty;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,q;F fsMa;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. JizehbapdJ Muk;g elj;ijfs; kpf cd;dp;g;ghf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJld; mtuJ gpur;rpidAk; kpf cd;dpg;ghf nrtpkLf;fg;gl;lJ. Nfs;tp Nfl;ly;> fpsWjy;> Ra ntspg;ghL> Kjypa cstsj;Jiz jpwd;fs; Kjyhk; ju jfty;fisg; ngw nghpJk; cjtpd. 2. ,uz;lhk; ju jfty;fs; JizehbapDila je;ijahuplkpUe;J jfty;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ghlrhiy mjpgH MrpupaHfs; vd;NghuplkpUe;J jfty;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. NkYk; mjpfkhf Ehw;fs; ,izaj;jpypUe;J Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,thplk;; Neh;fhzy; %yk; juT Nrfhpf;fggl;Ls;sJ tPl;L Ntiyf;fhf rpy Work sheets fSk; gad;gLj;jg;;gl;Ls;sd. juT gFg;gha;T Kiwapay; (Problem Analysis Methodology). JizehbapdJ ,e;jg;gpur;rpid tptuzg;gFg;gha;T Kiw %yk; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. JizehbapdJ gpur;rpid njspthf cd;dpg;ghf nrtpkLf;fg;gl;l gpd; juTfs; Neh;fhzy; %yk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ngUk;ghYk; ,j;jfty;fs; gz;Grhh; jfty;fshf ,Ug;gjdhy; tptuzg;gFg;gha;T Kiw %yk; ,j;jfty;;fs; tpghpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cstsj;Jizapy; gz;GuPjpapyhd Ma;T
- 10. xU kdpjdpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fspd; tpisTfis xd;WNrh;j;Jg; guPl;rpg;gjd; %yk; tho;tpNyw;gLk; rpf;fy; neUf;fPLfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpid vjph;nfhz;L ntw;wpnfhs;Sk; Kiwfs; gw;wpa fw;wy;fs; fis mwpaTjTk; xU Kiw. jdpkdpj tpUj;jp> tho;tpyplk;ngw;w rk;gtq;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;Tfs;> cstpay; khw;wq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; rkhspj;jy;> kdpj ePl;rpj;jd;ik kw;Wk; mwpif kjpg;gPL gw;wpawpjy; rk;gtf;fw;if> jdpkdpj mDgtk;> cs;shh;e;j ntspg;ghL> Rarupij> Neh;fhzy;> gz;ghl;L cUthf;fk;> cw;WNehf;fy;fs;> tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fs;> ghh;itf;FwpaPLfs;> Gifg;glq;fs; kw;Wk; tPbNahf;fs; %ykhd MjhuG+h;tkhd ntspg;ghLfs; ntspf;nfhzug;gly; cstpaypy; gz;GuPjpahd Ma;T Narrotology - tpguztpay; Grounded theory mbkl;lf; Nfhl;ghl;L Case study fw;ifr; rk;gtk; Phenomenology Njhw;wg;ghl;bay; gz;GuPjpahd Ma;tpy; juT Nrfupf;Fk; Kiwfs; mtjhdpj;jy; - elj;ij khw;wq;fs; fsepiyapd; jd;ik gq;Fgw;Wdh; gw;wpa mwpT mtjhdpg;ghsupd; mwpT> jpwd; kdg;ghq;F elj;ijf;Nfhyk; kw;Wk; khw;wk; Njhw;wg;ghl;il mtjhdpj;jy; mtjhdpf;fg;gLgth; gw;wpf; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;bait mtjhdpf;fg;gLgtupd; ,l mikT> Njhw;wg;ghLfis mwpe;jpUj;jy; mtjhdpg;gth; mtjhdk; njhlh;ghd jpwd;fisg; ngw;wpUj;jYk;> mJ njhlh;gpyhd gapw;rpfSk;.
- 11. Neuk; kw;Wk; fhyk; mtjhdpj;jy; Ma;Tf;fhd #o;epiyiaj; njupe;jpUj;jy; jfty; Nrfupj;jy; gz;GuPjpahd Ma;tpy; juT Nrfupf;Fk; Kiwfs; Neh;fhzy;: fl;likg;G Neh;fhzy; fl;likg;gw;w Neh;fhzy; Ma;thsd; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; xUtUila jdpj;Jtk; kw;Wk; eyd;fs; ghtpf;fg;gLk; njhopy;El;g jfty; toq;Fgth;fSf;F njspthf tpsq;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. midj;J Mtzq;fSk; nghUj;jkhd uPjpapy; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mspil /Ms;rhh; njhlh;ghly; njspthfg; ghtpf;fj; njhpe;jpUj;jy;. rpWth;fs; /Kjpath;fs; / ngz;fs; / tpNrl NjitAilNahiu kjpf;fj; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ma;thsDf;Fk;> Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ltUf;Fkhd njhopy;thz;ikapyhd cwTepiy njhopy;thz;ikapyhd cwit Ngzy; ghypay; uPjpahd njhlh;ig jtph;j;jy; ghypay; uPjpahd njhe;juT kw;Wk; elj;ijfis jtph;j;jy;. mjhtJ Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLgth;fSf;F VjhtJ jPq;F ,iof;fg;gLfpd;w re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjw;fhd jPh;TfisAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;. cstsj;Jizapy; cstpay; nray;epiy Ma;Tfs; kpfg;gioa tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; cstpay;> Md;kh gw;wpa mwptpayhfj; Njhd;wpaJ. gpd;dh; mJ kdk; my;yJ cs;sk; vd;gjd; ,ay;Gfis tpsf;Fk; mwptpayhdJ. mLj;J kdpj edT> edtpypr;
- 12. nray;fs; gw;wpajhfTk;> kdpj elj;ij gw;wpajhfTk;> cs mikg;G mwpthh;e;jjhfTk;> ,d;W mJ cah; khDltpay; rhh;e;jjhfTk; ghpzkpj;Js;sJ. ,J kdpj csr; nrad;Kiwfs;> elj;ijr; nrayhw;Wiffs;> nghJ tpjpfs;> elj;ijf;Fg; gpd; mikAk; fhuzpfs;> jdpahh; Ntw;Wikfs;> mJ njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;> kdntOr;rpfs; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;> kdntOr;rpfs; njhlh;ghd Ma;thfTKs;sJ. cstpay; MNyhrid toq;fy; rhh;e;j gy gpur;rpidfisr; nray;epiy jiyg;Gf;fspy; nray;epiy Ma;Tfshf Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. 1. ,og;gpd; Jahpy; tpuf;jpapy; ,Uf;Fk; khztDf;F my;yJ jdpahSf;F cstpay; hPjpahf MWjy; mspj;jy; 2. gy;NtW khzth;fspd; fy;tpj; juq;fis cah;j;Jjy; 3. ghpfhuf; fw;wy; KiwikfspD}lhf gpd;dilthd khzth;fisAk;> tpNl NjitAila khzth;fisAk; ,dq;fz;L mth;fspd; fw;wiy Nkk;gLj;jy; 4. newp gpwo;e;jth;fisr; rPh;jpUj;jy; 5. khdpltpay; MSik mgptpUj;jpfis gy;NtW gUtj;jpdhplKk; Nkw;nfhs;sy; 6. Neuk; gpe;jptUk;> nghWg;Gzh;tw;w> tif $w Kbahj Copah;> Mrphpah;fisr; rPh;jpUj;jy; 7. fl;bsikg; gUtj;jpdhpd; csKuz;ghLfs;> r%f tpNuhjg; Nghf;Ffis ePf;fy; 8. mdhij klk;> tNahjpg klq;fspypUg;NghUf;fhd cs MWjy; nrayhw;Wiffs; 9. csNeha; itj;jparhiyapYs;Nshh;> rpiwr;rhiyapYs;Nshh;fSf;fhd cs Mw;Wg;gLj;jy;fs; Ma;T tbtikg;G Ma;Tg; gpur;rpidia ,dk; fz;lJk; Ma;T tbtikg;G (Research Design) Ma;thsh;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;NghJ rpy mbg;gil tpdhf;fis vOg;Gjy; Ntz;Lk; 1. Ma;T ve;j cs;slf;fj;ij ,Wfg;gw;WfpwJ 2. ,e;j Ma;tpd; ,yf;Ffs; ahit
- 13. 3. Ma;T Vd; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ 4. vq;F Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ 5. nghUj;jkhd jfty;fisAk;> juTfisAk; vq;F ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk; 6. Ma;Tf;Fhpa fhy msT vd;d 7. Ma;tpw;Fhpa nryTfs; vd;d 8. vj;jifa cghaq;fis ifahz;L jfty;fisAk;> juTfisAk; ngWjy; 9. jfty;fisAk;> juTfisAk; vt;thW gFg;gha;T nra;ayhk; 10.Ma;twpf;ifia vt;thW jahhpf;fyhk; cstsj;Jizapy;Ma;twpf;ifapd;Nehf;fk; 1. cstsj;Jizapd;NghJ Nfhl;ghLfs;> El;gq;fs;> jpwd;fs; vd;gdtw;iw gpuNahfpj;jy;;. 2. Jiz ehbapdJ gpur;rpidia ,dq;fhZjYk; nraw;jpl;lj;jpid tiujYk;. 3. gpur;rpidapd; tuyhw;iwAk; mjw;fhd fhuzpfisAk; fz;lwpjy;. 4. gpur;rpidapd; jhf;fj;jpid kjpg;gply; (jdpg;gl;l> FLk;g> FO> r%f uPjpahd jhf;fj;jpid kjpg;gPL nra;jy;). 5. cstsj;Jizr; Nritia toq;Ftjw;fhd mbg;gilia tpUj;jp nra;jy;. 6. cstsj;Jiz njhlh;ghd gpuNahf mwptpidg; ngwy; 7. xU JizahsuJ ebgq;fpid (Role of Counsellor) mwpe;J nfhs;sy; 8. cstsj;Jiz rhh; El;gq;fisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tiuaWj;jy; 9. gpd;Dhl;ly; (Feedback), gapw;Wtpj;jy; (Coaching), cstsj;Jiz (Counselling) Mfpatw;iw xg;gpl;Lk; NtWgLj;jpAk; ghh;j;jy; 10.cstsj;Jiz khjphpfis kPsha;T nra;jy; (Moudle Review) 11.JizehbapdJ MSik tpUj;jpf;F cjTjy; 12.KO epiwthd jpUg;jpahd ey;tho;T tho mwpTj; Njly;fSf;F mg;ghy; md;G mutizg;G MjuT> el;GwT Nghd;w czh;r;rpj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wy;.
- 14. KbTiu cstsj;Jiz nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Ma;thdJ kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wJ. Nritehbiag; gw;wpa tuyhW kw;Wk; khw;wk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; fhuzfhhpa njhlHGfs; Mfpadtw;iwAk; tpisT kw;Wk; ngWNgWfis mwptjw;F Ma;thdJ kpf Kf;fpakhd fhj;jpukhd gq;fpid tfpf;fpf;fpdwJ. cstsj;Jiz nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ cstsj;JizahsH xt;nthU fl;l eltbf;ifapd;NghJ ,ay;ghfTk; RajPdkhfTk; eltbf;iffisAk; gFg;gha;e;J Ma;T nra;fpd;whd;. ,t;thwhd Ma;T nrad;Kiwf;F mbg;gil Ma;T Kiwfs; gw;wp G+uz mwpitAk; mjd; gpuNahfj;jpwidAk; cstsj;Jizahsd; nfhz;bUg;gJ cstsj;Jiz Nritf;Fk; Jizehbapd; ghpfhuj;jpw;Fk; cstsj;Jizahshpd; njhopy;thz;ik nray;ghl;bw;Fk; kpfTk; cWJizahf ,Uf;Fk;.