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Determining
the Worth of
Ideas to
Make Simple
Inferences
SIT DOLOR AMET

The student in the illustration is considering five different options. What
did he pick out of the five options? What do you think he will do with
those things?

In this lesson, you will know more about
determining the worth of ideas mentioned
in a listening text using the CASTS
method which stands for context,
audience, speaker, tone or mood, and
summary. It will guide you in making
inferences about the thoughts and
feelings expressed in the text you listened
to.

Determining-the-Worth-of-Ideas-to-Make-Simple.pptx

Inferences are guesses you make by
combining two things:
details/information from the text and
your prior knowledge/personal
experience. These inferences are
helpful for you to arrive with the
summary of the speaker’s message.

While listening, you will process the information
delivered by the speaker to formulate your inferences.
You will also reflect on the message for you to
understand the context and impact of the speech. You
might be thinking of the following questions:
1. What is the purpose of the speaker in delivering the
speech?
2. How did the message change me after I have listened
to it?
3. Is the message new to me? How can I share this
knowledge to other people?

To better understand the CASTS method, the table below presents the guide
questions and steps in making inferences. An example for each method is also
provided.

Learning Task 1 For your first task, listen to an excerpt of President
Rodrigo Duterte’s State of the Nation Address 2020. Then, answer
the questions in the graphic organizer.
Excerpt of President Rodrigo Duterte’s State of the Nation Address
2020:
Until the COVID 19 vaccine is available, I will not allow the
traditional face to face class teaching or learning unless
[all] risks of exposure to sickness are eliminated. I cannot
and will not put to risk the health and lives of our
students and teachers.

Two weeks ago, I seemed to have said that I would allow
the face-to-face classes to resume. But we were talking
actually of January because my thinking is that by
September, we would have the vaccine.
How to get it from the producers or from other
governments is really something which we have to deal
with because it is a global need, and everyone would go
for it.

Learning Task 2: Complete the graphic organizer by filling
out information from the excerpt of the speech of President
Rodrigo Duterte during the State of the Nation Address
2020.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the context (location/time) of the speech?
2. Who is the intended audience?
3. Who is the speaker?
4. What tone or mood is expressed on the speech?
5. How will you summarize the speech?

Learning Task 3: Apply what you have learned from previous the activities. Listen to
the speech given by Sec. Leonor Magtolis Briones for the World No Tobacco Day
2020. Then, complete the table following the CASTS method.

The Department of Education, especially, its learners, teachers, staff, and all parents who are part of our 27
million army of learners and 900,000 army of teachers are very pleased, enthusiastic, and happy to
participate in this launching of the World No Tobacco Day on May 31st. This is a great occasion for us to
remember that despite of the long years of campaign against tobacco, the danger is still there. The
technology for the communication for convincing and capturing more victims are still there. Only we do
not notice them at all. I have a very personal commitment against tobacco. Three of my brothers past ay an
early age because they are smokers, they died from smoke related illnesses. Even when they stopped
smoking already, the diseases associated with smoking caught up with them anyway. We have people who
are close to us, friends close to myself, who are in 4 stages of cancer, having heart diseases, lung diseases,
and all sort of illnesses which may not generally be associated immediately with tobacco smoking but can
be traced to earlier of smoking and prolonged smoking. Hence, my personal commitment to this campaign.
I grew up with the background where we are taught to respect our bodies not to poison our physical
systems with all sorts of distractive material. And, to consider our bodies as temples of God which we must
not destroy. I have carried this commitment throughout all my life. Sometimes, we think that the campaign
against tobacco smoking has already been won. In the Philippines, with a very long campaign to tax, to
impose higher taxes on tobacco, and other poisonous substances by taxing them very very highly. It is a
very long campaign and I participated even before I was the Secretary

of Education. And so, we think that the campaign was over, we think that the battle was already over, this is
because there are other substances which are more dangerous and much more harmful. The truth is, the
dangers of tobacco is still here, new methods at capturing young people to get involve in cigarettes still
continuous and false information is being spread. This is because we think it’s all over, and this is because
sometimes it happens the impacts, the diseases, the destruction happens after a period of time and is not
immediately identified as smoking. Therefore, I encourage the Department of Education, especially, with our
27 million young learners or 900,000 teachers, our staff, our personnel, I encourage the Department to
continue this campaign. The enemy is still with us, it is still with our system, cigarette smoking is still
associated with being macho, with being glamorous, with being beautiful or good looking and it offers
reliefs from tension from whatever bugs us or it offers escape from what we consider as challenges in our
life, but these dangers accumulate and eventually we pay for it. I congratulate, therefore, our colleagues,
the Department of Education who have initiated this campaign, all of us who participated and will continue
to participate in this month-long celebration. I also, congratulate all other organizations who continued the
campaign who tell us not to forget, who remind us that the danger is still there, who remind us that the
enemy has not left, that tobacco is as dangerous as ever and insidious as ever and as deadly as ever. Thank
you and good evening.

REFLECTION
Express your understanding and realizations about the lesson using the
prompts below.
I understand that _______________________________
______________________________________________.
I realized that ___________________________________
_______________________________________________.

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Determining-the-Worth-of-Ideas-to-Make-Simple.pptx

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