Dr. Sue E Shajan has over 23 years of experience as a microbiologist. She is currently pursuing her PhD in clinical microbiology from Karpagam University in India. Her expertise includes bacteriology, mycobacteriology, mycology, serology, virology, and parasitology. She has worked in hospitals in Saudi Arabia and India, leading microbiology laboratories and conducting research. Her research has focused on generating antibodies against Clostridium difficile and evaluating their efficacy in neutralizing the bacteria.
The document describes a Soxhlet apparatus, which is used to extract compounds from solids using solvents. It was invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet to quantify fat in milk. It has a chamber that holds the solid sample and is filled with warm solvent from a distillation flask via a siphon. The solvent dissolves some of the desired compound and returns to the flask, repeating the process over hours or days to concentrate the compound. It is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and food testing to extract lipids, oils, and other compounds. While lengthy, it provides efficient, gentle extraction of compounds that are only slightly soluble in solvents.
A review on medicinal plants with Antidiabetic activity.Mohd Asad Farooqui
油
Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin.
This document discusses liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It begins with an introduction to LC-MS, explaining that it combines liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection. It then covers the history, principles, instrumentation, advantages, and applications of LC and MS. Key applications discussed include pharmacokinetics, proteomics, metabolomics, and drug development.
This document provides an overview and comparison of various in-vitro methods used to measure antioxidant activity, including their advantages and disadvantages. It summarizes several common methods such as the Thin Layer Chromatography autography technique, Cellular Antioxidant Activity assay, Dye-Substrate oxidation method, and Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity method. The document emphasizes selecting methods based on feasibility, simplicity, required instrumentation and ability to effectively analyze antioxidant properties.
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.
- GC is used to separate and analyze compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, while MS is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratios of ions to determine the molecular mass and structure of molecules eluting from the GC.
- The combination of GC and MS provides a powerful tool for analyzing complex mixtures by separating compounds and identifying their chemical structures.
This document provides an overview of scaling up bioreactor production. It discusses the objectives of scaling up, which include producing product at a commercial scale to generate profit while lowering costs. The stages of scaling up studies are outlined, starting with screening studies, then progressing to laboratory, pilot, and industrial-scale fermenters. Key changes that occur during scale up include increased power needs, larger vessel sizes affecting temperature and pH control, and changes to sterilization and heat transfer processes. The conclusion emphasizes that the goal of scale up is to maximize efficient production at an industrial plant scale.
This document describes a procedure for estimating lycopene and carotenes content in plant materials. It begins with an introduction to photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids. It then discusses lycopene and carotenes specifically, their chemical structure, properties, and role in imparting color. The principle and procedure of the estimation method is then outlined, involving extraction of lycopene and carotenes from plant material using acetone and petroleum ether, followed by spectrophotometric analysis and calculations to determine concentration based on absorption maxima and extinction coefficients.
A sensor that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte which is then conveyed to a detector.
The document discusses biosensors and their applications for environmental monitoring. It begins with an introduction to environmental pollution and the need for rapid, portable methods of detection. It then describes the basic components and working of biosensors, which use a biological recognition element and transducer. Major applications discussed include detecting heavy metals, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen compounds, and various organic pollutants. Challenges to further development include understanding the environmental and health impacts of nanomaterials, disposal issues, initial high production costs, and raising public awareness.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a hyphenated technique that combines gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. GC is used to separate compounds in a mixture, while MS identifies the compounds based on their mass-to-charge ratios. The document discusses the basic principles, instrumentation, and applications of GC-MS. It explains how the gas chromatograph separates compounds and the mass spectrometer ionizes and detects them, providing both separation and identification capabilities in a single technique.
Primary metabolites are directly involved in normal growth, development and reproduction, and are essential for these processes. Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Secondary metabolites are not directly involved in these processes but have important ecological functions, such as antibiotics. Secondary metabolites are derived from primary metabolites but are synthesized later in the growth cycle. Examples of secondary metabolites discussed include antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporins, streptomycin, griseofulvin), mycotoxins, alkaloids, steroids, vitamins and amino acids.
The document discusses various general methods used for the isolation and separation of plant constituents, including extraction processes, separation techniques, and analytical methods. Extraction methods covered include maceration, infusion, digestion, decoction, percolation, soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Separation techniques include fractional crystallization, fractional distillation, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, and paper chromatography. Analytical methods for identification discussed are gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and qualitative chemical reactions.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus are important in food fermentation processes. They produce lactic acid which preserves foods and improves safety. Lactobacillus is the largest LAB genus and includes species used in dairy, bread, meat and vegetable fermentations. Lactococcus lactis is used as a starter culture for cheeses and cultured dairy. These LAB vary in their temperature and pH preferences, as well as metabolic pathways, contributing to flavor development in fermented foods through production of organic acids, aromas, and proteolysis.
This document discusses the design and construction of bioreactors. It explains that bioreactors provide optimal conditions for growing microorganisms by maintaining sterility and mixing. The key components of bioreactors include the vessel, agitator, sparger, temperature, pH and foam probes, cooling jacket, heating coil, and controls for dissolved oxygen and pressure. Proper monitoring and control of factors like temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and shear forces are necessary to support microbial growth and product formation.
Citric acid is produced industrially through fermentation using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The process involves:
1) Growing A. niger in large fermenters on a substrate like molasses under controlled conditions of pH, oxygen levels, and temperature.
2) After several days of fermentation, citric acid is recovered from the liquid through precipitation and crystallization.
3) Citric acid finds a wide variety of applications as a food additive, cleaning agent, in cosmetics and personal care products, and for industrial uses due to its acidity and ability to chelate metals. Worldwide production exceeds 1 million tons annually.
This document outlines the key topics in Analytical Chemistry I including significant figures, types of errors, propagation of uncertainty, and systematic vs random errors. It discusses how measurements have uncertainty and errors. There are two main types of errors - systematic errors which affect accuracy and can be discovered and corrected, and random errors which cannot be eliminated and have equal chances of being positive or negative. The document also describes how to calculate the propagation of uncertainty through calculations using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations. It emphasizes keeping extra digits in calculations to properly account for uncertainty.
Isolation, Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Present in Milkijtsrd
油
The aim ofThe aim of this study was to present some data on isolation, growth, and antimicrobial activity, effect of pH, heat, and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes of lactobacillus as probiotic bacteria. A large amount of probiotic bacteria is present in milk or milk products which are mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lactobacillus spp. Isolation, identification of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) was done by Gram' staining and catalase test and further confirmation was based on morphological, cultural, physiological and different biochemical tests. A total four isolates viz. Lactobacillus fermentum, L. casei, L. acidophilus and bifid bacterium longum was identified after different biochemical analysist which were also showed reliable probiotic properties. The antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw milk against common enteric pathogens. The antagonistic properties of these isolates against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, were examined using agar well diffusion method. this study was to present some data on isolation, growth, and antimicrobial activity, effect of pH, heat, and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes of lactobacillus as probiotic bacteria. A large amount of probiotic bacteria is present in milk or milk products which are mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lactobacillus spp. Isolation, identification of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) was done by Gram' staining and catalase test and further confirmation was based on morphological, cultural, physiological and different biochemical tests. A total four isolates viz. Lactobacillus fermentum, L. casei, L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum was identified after different biochemical analysist which were also showed reliable probiotic properties. The antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw milk against common enteric pathogens. The antagonistic properties of these isolates against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, were examined using agar well diffusion method. Shobha Mehra | Vimla Mehra | Dinesh Bhauryal"Isolation, Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Present in Milk" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd16979.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/16979/isolation-identification-of-probiotic-bacteria-present-in-milk/shobha-mehra
This document defines biosensors and describes their key components and operating principles. It then discusses the main types of biosensors: piezoelectric, calorimetric, optical, and electrochemical. Electrochemical biosensors are further divided into conductimetric, amperometric, and potentiometric sensors. The document provides details on the principles, methods of operation, strengths, and weaknesses of each type.
This document discusses various techniques for enumerating microorganisms, including direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve directly counting microbes under a microscope, such as using a counting chamber (e.g. Petri-Hausser chamber) for direct microscopic count. Indirect methods estimate the number of microbes using other indicators, like standard plate count which counts colonies grown from diluted samples, membrane filtration which filters microbes for colony counting, most probable number which estimates concentrations through liquid broth growth at serial dilutions, turbidity testing using spectrophotometers, and measuring metabolic activity or dry weight.
This document discusses microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), an efficient method for deriving natural compounds from plants. MAE uses microwave energy to heat plant materials mixed with solvents, extracting compounds faster than conventional methods. It describes the principles of microwave heating, closed and open vessel extraction systems, factors affecting MAE like solvent, time, power and temperature, and its applications. MAE provides benefits of reduced extraction time, improved yields, and ability to extract thermolabile substances.
The document discusses liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which combines liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection. LC separates compounds by their physical and chemical properties, while MS separates them by mass. The mass spectrometer acts as both a detector for LC and provides identification of compounds through their unique mass spectra. Common ionization methods used include electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Common mass analyzers are quadrupole, time-of-flight, magnetic sector, and ion trap analyzers.
1) The document discusses various thermal death rate concepts for bacterial spores during heat processing including D-value, Z-value, F-value, and the 12-D concept.
2) The D-value is the time required to reduce the bacterial population by 90% at a specific temperature, while the Z-value is the temperature change needed for a ten-fold change in D-value.
3) The F-value is a measure of sterilization calculated as the product of the decimal reduction time and the number of decimal reductions needed according to the 12-D concept, which requires a 12 log cycle reduction of Clostridium botulinum spores.
The document describes various aspects of bacterial growth in batch culture. It discusses the different types of cell division used by bacteria, including binary fission, budding, and filamentous growth. It then focuses specifically on binary fission and describes the typical growth phases seen in a bacterial growth curve: lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase. It also discusses various methods for measuring and quantifying bacterial growth, including direct counts, viable counts, turbidity measurements, and generating a growth curve by plotting measurements over time. Finally, it covers several environmental factors that can influence bacterial growth rates, such as temperature, pH, water availability, and oxygen levels.
This document provides an introduction to biopesticides, their types and uses. It discusses that biopesticides are formulations made from naturally occurring substances that control pests through non-toxic mechanisms. The main types discussed are microbial pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants, biochemical pesticides, botanical pesticides, and biotic agents. Specific microbial pesticides described include Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma fungi. The document concludes by stating that biopesticides are generally safer and more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides, though they may be less effective and require suitable conditions.
Dr. Sara Ahmed El Tigani Elhag Abdalla has over 15 years of experience in clinical microbiology and virology. She currently works as a Senior Technical Advisor for the National TB Control Program in Bangladesh, where she oversees laboratory strengthening activities. She has extensive experience developing and implementing training programs, assisting with new diagnostic technologies, and providing technical support to improve laboratory quality, management, and performance. She holds an MD in Microbiology and has trained in bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, and virology techniques.
Dr. Manoj Kumar is a research scientist with a Ph.D. in Dairy Microbiology. He has over 4 years of research experience and 2.8 years of industrial experience as a Microbiologist. He is currently a Young Scientist at the National Institute of Nutrition in Hyderabad, India. His research focuses on developing recombinant probiotic bacteria to combat pathogens and metabolic disorders. He has received several awards and research grants for his work.
This document describes a procedure for estimating lycopene and carotenes content in plant materials. It begins with an introduction to photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids. It then discusses lycopene and carotenes specifically, their chemical structure, properties, and role in imparting color. The principle and procedure of the estimation method is then outlined, involving extraction of lycopene and carotenes from plant material using acetone and petroleum ether, followed by spectrophotometric analysis and calculations to determine concentration based on absorption maxima and extinction coefficients.
A sensor that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte which is then conveyed to a detector.
The document discusses biosensors and their applications for environmental monitoring. It begins with an introduction to environmental pollution and the need for rapid, portable methods of detection. It then describes the basic components and working of biosensors, which use a biological recognition element and transducer. Major applications discussed include detecting heavy metals, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen compounds, and various organic pollutants. Challenges to further development include understanding the environmental and health impacts of nanomaterials, disposal issues, initial high production costs, and raising public awareness.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a hyphenated technique that combines gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. GC is used to separate compounds in a mixture, while MS identifies the compounds based on their mass-to-charge ratios. The document discusses the basic principles, instrumentation, and applications of GC-MS. It explains how the gas chromatograph separates compounds and the mass spectrometer ionizes and detects them, providing both separation and identification capabilities in a single technique.
Primary metabolites are directly involved in normal growth, development and reproduction, and are essential for these processes. Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Secondary metabolites are not directly involved in these processes but have important ecological functions, such as antibiotics. Secondary metabolites are derived from primary metabolites but are synthesized later in the growth cycle. Examples of secondary metabolites discussed include antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporins, streptomycin, griseofulvin), mycotoxins, alkaloids, steroids, vitamins and amino acids.
The document discusses various general methods used for the isolation and separation of plant constituents, including extraction processes, separation techniques, and analytical methods. Extraction methods covered include maceration, infusion, digestion, decoction, percolation, soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Separation techniques include fractional crystallization, fractional distillation, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, and paper chromatography. Analytical methods for identification discussed are gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and qualitative chemical reactions.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus are important in food fermentation processes. They produce lactic acid which preserves foods and improves safety. Lactobacillus is the largest LAB genus and includes species used in dairy, bread, meat and vegetable fermentations. Lactococcus lactis is used as a starter culture for cheeses and cultured dairy. These LAB vary in their temperature and pH preferences, as well as metabolic pathways, contributing to flavor development in fermented foods through production of organic acids, aromas, and proteolysis.
This document discusses the design and construction of bioreactors. It explains that bioreactors provide optimal conditions for growing microorganisms by maintaining sterility and mixing. The key components of bioreactors include the vessel, agitator, sparger, temperature, pH and foam probes, cooling jacket, heating coil, and controls for dissolved oxygen and pressure. Proper monitoring and control of factors like temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and shear forces are necessary to support microbial growth and product formation.
Citric acid is produced industrially through fermentation using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The process involves:
1) Growing A. niger in large fermenters on a substrate like molasses under controlled conditions of pH, oxygen levels, and temperature.
2) After several days of fermentation, citric acid is recovered from the liquid through precipitation and crystallization.
3) Citric acid finds a wide variety of applications as a food additive, cleaning agent, in cosmetics and personal care products, and for industrial uses due to its acidity and ability to chelate metals. Worldwide production exceeds 1 million tons annually.
This document outlines the key topics in Analytical Chemistry I including significant figures, types of errors, propagation of uncertainty, and systematic vs random errors. It discusses how measurements have uncertainty and errors. There are two main types of errors - systematic errors which affect accuracy and can be discovered and corrected, and random errors which cannot be eliminated and have equal chances of being positive or negative. The document also describes how to calculate the propagation of uncertainty through calculations using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations. It emphasizes keeping extra digits in calculations to properly account for uncertainty.
Isolation, Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Present in Milkijtsrd
油
The aim ofThe aim of this study was to present some data on isolation, growth, and antimicrobial activity, effect of pH, heat, and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes of lactobacillus as probiotic bacteria. A large amount of probiotic bacteria is present in milk or milk products which are mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lactobacillus spp. Isolation, identification of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) was done by Gram' staining and catalase test and further confirmation was based on morphological, cultural, physiological and different biochemical tests. A total four isolates viz. Lactobacillus fermentum, L. casei, L. acidophilus and bifid bacterium longum was identified after different biochemical analysist which were also showed reliable probiotic properties. The antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw milk against common enteric pathogens. The antagonistic properties of these isolates against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, were examined using agar well diffusion method. this study was to present some data on isolation, growth, and antimicrobial activity, effect of pH, heat, and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes of lactobacillus as probiotic bacteria. A large amount of probiotic bacteria is present in milk or milk products which are mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lactobacillus spp. Isolation, identification of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) was done by Gram' staining and catalase test and further confirmation was based on morphological, cultural, physiological and different biochemical tests. A total four isolates viz. Lactobacillus fermentum, L. casei, L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum was identified after different biochemical analysist which were also showed reliable probiotic properties. The antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw milk against common enteric pathogens. The antagonistic properties of these isolates against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, were examined using agar well diffusion method. Shobha Mehra | Vimla Mehra | Dinesh Bhauryal"Isolation, Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Present in Milk" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd16979.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/16979/isolation-identification-of-probiotic-bacteria-present-in-milk/shobha-mehra
This document defines biosensors and describes their key components and operating principles. It then discusses the main types of biosensors: piezoelectric, calorimetric, optical, and electrochemical. Electrochemical biosensors are further divided into conductimetric, amperometric, and potentiometric sensors. The document provides details on the principles, methods of operation, strengths, and weaknesses of each type.
This document discusses various techniques for enumerating microorganisms, including direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve directly counting microbes under a microscope, such as using a counting chamber (e.g. Petri-Hausser chamber) for direct microscopic count. Indirect methods estimate the number of microbes using other indicators, like standard plate count which counts colonies grown from diluted samples, membrane filtration which filters microbes for colony counting, most probable number which estimates concentrations through liquid broth growth at serial dilutions, turbidity testing using spectrophotometers, and measuring metabolic activity or dry weight.
This document discusses microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), an efficient method for deriving natural compounds from plants. MAE uses microwave energy to heat plant materials mixed with solvents, extracting compounds faster than conventional methods. It describes the principles of microwave heating, closed and open vessel extraction systems, factors affecting MAE like solvent, time, power and temperature, and its applications. MAE provides benefits of reduced extraction time, improved yields, and ability to extract thermolabile substances.
The document discusses liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which combines liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection. LC separates compounds by their physical and chemical properties, while MS separates them by mass. The mass spectrometer acts as both a detector for LC and provides identification of compounds through their unique mass spectra. Common ionization methods used include electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Common mass analyzers are quadrupole, time-of-flight, magnetic sector, and ion trap analyzers.
1) The document discusses various thermal death rate concepts for bacterial spores during heat processing including D-value, Z-value, F-value, and the 12-D concept.
2) The D-value is the time required to reduce the bacterial population by 90% at a specific temperature, while the Z-value is the temperature change needed for a ten-fold change in D-value.
3) The F-value is a measure of sterilization calculated as the product of the decimal reduction time and the number of decimal reductions needed according to the 12-D concept, which requires a 12 log cycle reduction of Clostridium botulinum spores.
The document describes various aspects of bacterial growth in batch culture. It discusses the different types of cell division used by bacteria, including binary fission, budding, and filamentous growth. It then focuses specifically on binary fission and describes the typical growth phases seen in a bacterial growth curve: lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase. It also discusses various methods for measuring and quantifying bacterial growth, including direct counts, viable counts, turbidity measurements, and generating a growth curve by plotting measurements over time. Finally, it covers several environmental factors that can influence bacterial growth rates, such as temperature, pH, water availability, and oxygen levels.
This document provides an introduction to biopesticides, their types and uses. It discusses that biopesticides are formulations made from naturally occurring substances that control pests through non-toxic mechanisms. The main types discussed are microbial pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants, biochemical pesticides, botanical pesticides, and biotic agents. Specific microbial pesticides described include Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma fungi. The document concludes by stating that biopesticides are generally safer and more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides, though they may be less effective and require suitable conditions.
Dr. Sara Ahmed El Tigani Elhag Abdalla has over 15 years of experience in clinical microbiology and virology. She currently works as a Senior Technical Advisor for the National TB Control Program in Bangladesh, where she oversees laboratory strengthening activities. She has extensive experience developing and implementing training programs, assisting with new diagnostic technologies, and providing technical support to improve laboratory quality, management, and performance. She holds an MD in Microbiology and has trained in bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, and virology techniques.
Dr. Manoj Kumar is a research scientist with a Ph.D. in Dairy Microbiology. He has over 4 years of research experience and 2.8 years of industrial experience as a Microbiologist. He is currently a Young Scientist at the National Institute of Nutrition in Hyderabad, India. His research focuses on developing recombinant probiotic bacteria to combat pathogens and metabolic disorders. He has received several awards and research grants for his work.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience and qualifications of Dr. Vijay Laxmi Malhotra. She has over 40 years of experience as a Consultant Microbiologist and Lecturer in Microbiology at Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital in New Delhi. She holds an MBBS, MD in Medical Microbiology, and is a Fellow of the Indian Society of Malaria and other Communicable Diseases and the Indian Medical Science Academy. Her roles have included diagnostic laboratory work, teaching, research, and administration.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the career and qualifications of Dr. Amen A. Bawazir. It lists his educational background which includes a PhD in public health from the University of Liverpool, as well as positions held which include various teaching roles at universities in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. It also outlines awards, research grants, publications, committee involvement, and areas of expertise in epidemiology and public health.
Usama Mohamed Eldeeb is a clinical pathologist licensed in Saudi Arabia and Dubai who has over 10 years of experience leading pathology laboratories. He is interested in research and his dissertation argued novel markers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently he is the head of the pathology department at Al-Sharq Medical Group in Saudi Arabia where he oversees daily operations and has introduced several new tests and automated equipment. He aims to provide quality patient care through effective management and professional standards.
1. The document provides a curriculum vitae for an individual with six years of experience in biomedical research focusing on immunology of infectious diseases including HIV infection.
2. They have expertise in techniques such as flow cytometry, serology, assay development and validation using samples such as PBMCs, CSF, and whole blood.
3. The individual has experience managing quality assurance programs, developing research training skills, and adhering to regulatory guidelines at institutions such as Makerere University and the Uganda Virus Research Institute.
The document provides information on Milad Farzin, a medical technologist from Iran seeking new opportunities. It outlines his 6 years of experience in clinical laboratories in Iran, conducting tests across various disciplines. It also details his bachelor's degree in medical technology and commendable performance ensuring accurate and timely test results. His skills include hematology, coagulation, biochemistry, microbiology, quality control and laboratory instrumentation.
Grace Najjuka has over 25 years of experience in medical microbiology and laboratory work. She holds a Master of Medicine in Medical Microbiology from Makerere University and has worked in roles such as Medical Officer at Joint Clinical Research Centre and Assistant Lecturer at Makerere University. Her expertise includes infectious disease diagnosis, treatment, and research. She is currently serving as Acting Head of Microbiology at Joint Clinical Research Centre, where she supervises laboratory operations and staff.
Detail-orientated and efficient Medical Lab Technician with 5 years
career experience in medical laboratory environments. Exhibits
excellent communication and analytical thinking abilities
Rahul Gunasekera has over 5 years of experience in clinical research and laboratory work. He currently coordinates clinical drug trials to satisfy regulatory standards as a clinical research coordinator. Previously, he worked as a surgical/histological technician processing tissue samples and training medical residents. In school, he conducted experiments in immunology and assisted researchers, developing skills in microscopy, cell culture, and molecular biology techniques.
Dr. T.V. Rao discusses how microbiologists and clinicians can improve diagnostic microbiology through better interaction and understanding each other's roles. Many microbiologists work in isolation without understanding clinical implications. Clinicians also do not fully utilize laboratory results. This has led to increasing antibiotic resistance and worse patient outcomes. Dr. Rao proposes several responsibilities for microbiologists, including providing guidelines for proper specimen collection, maintaining an effective computer system for testing and reporting, and periodically publishing antibiotic susceptibility patterns. He also stresses the importance of quality control and open communication between microbiologists and clinicians.
Largest laboratory conference in the Middle EastCheryl Prior
油
The MEDLAB Congress will host 6 multi-disciplinary conference tracks that will provide CME Credits, unparalleled education and management solutions to help labs excel in today's competitive market.
5,000 delegates will gather to find out about the latest diagnostics developments at the six conference tracks: laboratory management, microbiology, immunology, haematology, clinical chemistry and molecular diagnosis.
Dr. Surendra Pal Chaudhary is a Senior Research Officer in the Department of Medical Oncology at AIIMS in New Delhi, India. He has over 15 years of experience in oncology clinical research including coordinating clinical trials in phases I-IV. His responsibilities include coordinating clinical research projects, ensuring protocols and regulations are followed, monitoring patients, and publishing results. He has led over 15 clinical trials on various cancers and has extensive experience in areas like hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gastrointestinal cancers.
Dr. Surendra Pal Chaudhary is a senior research officer in the Department of Medical Oncology at AIIMS in New Delhi, India. He has over 15 years of experience in oncology clinical research, including coordinating clinical trials in phases I-IV. His responsibilities include coordinating assigned clinical research projects, ensuring studies follow protocols and regulations, conducting clinical activities like screening and monitoring patients, and closing out studies. He has contributed to numerous international clinical trials and published several papers.
Soumili Bhaduri Tagore is a doctoral candidate in immunology at Nanyang Technological University who submitted her thesis in January 2016. She has over 3 years of experience as a medical doctor in India, specializing in general medicine, respiratory medicine, and dermatology. She is currently seeking opportunities in research, teaching, or clinical practice.
Vuyuru Srikanth has over 3 years of experience as a medical lab technologist. He has a M.Sc. in biochemistry from MVR P.G. College with a grade point average of 6.7 and a B.Sc. in microbiology, biochemistry and chemistry from Kakaraparthi Bavanarayanas college with an aggregate of 67%. His technical skills include performing and interpreting laboratory tests using various automated analyzers and maintaining quality controls and standards. He is interested in furthering his career in clinical biochemistry, microbiology or pathology.
This document provides a summary of S.M. Kadri's educational background and professional experience. It includes:
- Kadri has a Masters in Public Health from the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam and an MBBS degree from Government Medical College in Srinagar, India.
- Professional experience includes serving as an epidemiologist for the Directorate of Health Services in Kashmir, India and heading the Regional Institute of Health and Family Welfare.
- Research interests include clinical and environmental epidemiology as well as disease control for communicable and non-communicable diseases.
- Kadri has over 30 publications in peer-reviewed journals and participated in numerous workshops and training programs related to public
1. Dr Sue E Shajan
Dr. SUE ELIZABETH SHAJAN
Microbiologist [In-Charge of Microbiology]
sueshajan@gmail.com
Mobile # 00-966-509070341
______________________________________________________________________
SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Pursuing a PhD and Post Graduate diploma in Medical Microbiology.
Obtained More than 23 years of hospital experience in the field of Medical / Clinical
Microbiology. [ Relevant experience in GLP/GCP/GRP/GDP]
Tailored in Microbiological laboratory like Clinical Bacteriology, Mycobacteriology,
Mycology, Serology, Virology, and Parasitology.
As a clinical microbiologist in a health care setting, identify pathogens and diseases to
protect the hospital and community from the spread of infectious diseases.
Responsible for evaluation of procedures, interpretation of results, including plate
reading and diagnosing the aetiological agents, antimicrobial susceptibility results where
indicated and discuss with clinicians on the treatment of infected patients. And for
surveillance of restricted antimicrobial use and its data for every quarter.
Experienced in Laboratory Organization, Restricted Antibiotic formulary approval,
Quality control of antibiotics, reagents and verify all microbiological test methods and
Strong Microbiology Management.
Executed the surveillance methods of hospital supplies, sterilizers, environment,
Pharmacist prepared IV fluids quality control and water culture methods.
Presenting the findings of research, supervising the work of support staff and carrying
out the administrative work and also involved in tutoring and mentoring.
EDUCATION PROFILE
PhD in Clinical Microbiology 2011-2015
Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India. Holding a Ph.D Certificate
Dissertation title: Passive therapeutic approach using Chicken Egg Yolk (IgY)
Antibodies against Clostridium difficile and its prevalence in Jubail, Saudi Arabia
MRCP (PARTI Exam) Medical Microbiology 2007 1stAttempt
Royal College of Pathologist, London.
1
2. Dr Sue E Shajan
Post Graduate Diploma in Medical Microbiology 1989 -1990
Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India.
Master of Science in Botany 1987-1989
Bharathiar University, TamilNadu, India.
Dissertation title: Effect of fungicides on Rhizobium-Dolihos lab lab Symbiosis
Bachelor of Science in Botany 1984-1987
Bharathiar University, TamilNadu, India
PROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
Microbiologist / In charge of Microbiology May 2001 to Present
Al Mana General Hospital, [First 5 years Locum]
(JCAHO-CBAHI Standards) Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
Microbiologist Feb1994 to Oct 1998
Al Fanateer Royal Commission Hospital
(JCAHO Standards) Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
Microbiologist Oct 1993 to Jan1994
M.G.D.M. Hospital, Kangazha, Kerala, India
Intern, Junior Microbiologist Aug1990 to Oct 1993
&
Staff /Senior Microbiologist
Christian Medical College and Hospital,
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
SKILLS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Creating and directing an accredited clinical/diagnostic laboratory service, both
operationally and financially, that will support and improve the clinical diagnosis and
epidemiological investigation of infectious diseases.
Generating, disseminating and interpreting data from microbiological investigations as
they apply to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with infectious
diseases and public health scenarios involving infectious diseases.
Developing and supporting accredited microbiology training programs for
Clinical/Medical professional and technical personnel.
Establishing and supporting microbiological research programs that advance the field of
infectious diseases for improved patient care and public health.
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3. Dr Sue E Shajan
Acting as a microbiology consultant to support clinical and public health Programs
/initiatives at the local, national and international level.
JCIA AND CBAHI Standards of accreditation, assigned for the supervisory team
work.
Privileges to perform emergency life- saving procedure are automatically granted to all
medical staff. Holding a valid BLS certification.
Computer Skill Packages: MS Office (Word, Excel and Power point).
SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES
Consultation with other healthcare providers regarding specimen collection, the
selection and interpretation of clinical microbiology tests/results, including
antimicrobial susceptibility, infection control, and public health facilities.
Direction and assistance for medical technologists with the interpretation of the Clinical
significance of laboratory findings
Development and support of an effective quality assurance and quality management
program for all laboratory services.
Provision of technical troubleshooting and problem solving, ensure the production of
reliable and accurate laboratory results and reports.
Leading of hospital laboratory information systems management, practice guideline
development, and personnel safety and management. Liaising with laboratory
administration and personnel, Conducting cost-efficacy analyses on new diagnostic
systems and algorithms.
Overseeing accreditation, competency, proficiency testing, and overall quality
performance of the microbiology laboratory service and lead strategic planning
initiatives.
Executed the surveillance methods of hospital supplies, sterilizers, environment,
monitoring of Pharmacy laminar flow hood with prepared IV fluids quality control, and
water culture methods.
As academic and scientific leaders, expected to be actively involved in research activities
within the academic and scientific area.
Development/evaluation/implementation of new test methods, techniques and
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4. Dr Sue E Shajan
Instrumentation Collaboration with clinical/basic research colleagues
Fostered interest in and to facilitate knowledge transfer of microbiology by engaging in
educational endeavors.
Provision of formal and informal teaching of clinical/medical professionals, technical
staffs. Expected to support and promote their profession at the local, national and
international level and perform all of the duties in an ethical and honest manner.
ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
Journal Publications
1. Sue E.Shajan., M.H.Faisal and A.Michael Alert!!! Beware of Mobile Phones!!! Has A
Great Role in Disease Transmission, Clean them up!!!! Safe to HandleInt J Med
Research and Health Science., 2013: 2 (3):582-588.
2. Sue E.Shajan., M.H.Faisal and A .Michael Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin in
diarrhoeal stool samples of patients from a general hospital in Eastern Province,
Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Res Health Sci., 2014 : 3 (2):302-308.
3. Sue E.Shajan., A.Michael and M.Ramasmay Generation and Characterization of
chicken egg yolk Antibodies (IgY) against Clostridium difficile and evaluating its
invitro neutralization efficacy. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 2014 3 (10): 646-
665. Impact Factor 5.045.
4. Bright Varghese, Sue Elizabeth Shajan, Majed Omar Al Saedi and Sahal A. Al-Hajoja
First case report of chronic pulmonary lung disease caused by Mycobacterium
abscesses in two immunocompetent patients in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine
2012; 32(3): 312 May-June www.annsaudimed.net
Invited and Conference Presentations
1. Drug Resistance in TB Presented to Ministry of Health laboratories at Eastern Province, Saudi
Arabia.2013.
2. National Conference on Recent Developments in Microbiology, Biochemistry &
Biotechnology. Participated & Presented a paper in Clostridium difficile Study. PSG
College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore. India; 2013.
3. Alert!!! Beware of Mobile Phones!!! Has A Great Role in Disease Transmission,
Clean them up!!! Safe to Handle. 4th
Annual Research Conferences KUARC, Coimbatore. India;
2012.
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5. Dr Sue E Shajan
4. Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin in diarrhoeal stool samples of patients
from a general hospital in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. 5th
Annual Research Conferences
KUARC, Coimbatore. India; 2013.
5. Generation and Characterization of chicken egg yolk Antibodies (IgY) against
Clostridium difficile and evaluating its in-vitro neutralization efficacy. 6th
Annual
Research Conferences KUARC, Coimbatore. India; 2014.
Abroad (Saudi Arabia) attended activities
1. June 4-5& 6-8 2011 - 31 CME hrs Basic and Advanced Molecular Biology Techniques
in Diagnostic LaboratoriesPrince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences-Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
-2011.
2. Oct 02-03-2012 - 15 CME hrs- Antibiotic Prescribing & Treating Common Infections in
Primary Care Setting & Inpatient Setting. Saudi Society of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
with King Fahad Hospital ,Hofuf, Saudi Arabia 2012
3. March 7-3-12 to 26-12-1-10 CME hrs- CME/PD Series of Lectures 2012 Al Mana General
Hospital, Al Ahasa. 2012
4. Jan 08-09-2013 - 15 CME hrs-The Antimicrobial Workshop Saudi Society of Medical
Microbiology& Infectious Diseases, University-of Dammam.
5. March24-2013 4CME hrs Challenges in the Global Elimination of TB Role of Regional
lab TB. Ministry of Health laboratories at Eastern Province, Regional lab, Dammam, SaudiArabia-2013
6. Jan 9-13 to Dec 25 -2013 - 10 CME hrs CME/PD Series of Lectures-2013 Al Mana General
Hospital, Al Ahasa. 2013
7. Feb 19-14 to Feb 19- 2014 Certificate of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.BLS Provider
Saudi Heart Association. National CPR Committee.
8. May 01 -2014 - 6 CME hrs Asthma Awareness Day. National Guard Health Affairs, Eastern
Province.
9. April 16,17 -2015 - 10CME hrs Sepsis in ICU What We Should Know King Fahad Hospital , Al
Baha
10. May 29 2015 - 8 CME hrs Update in Infectious Diseases Symposium Saad Specialist Hospital.
Alkhobar
11. July 28 2015 - 5 CME hrs Sepsis in ICU What We Should Know. King Fahad Specialist
Hospital, Dammam.
12. Nov 22, 2015 Pharmaceutical care Department Antibiotic Awareness Day
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6. Dr Sue E Shajan
Ministry of Health, Dammam Medical Complex
Research Proposal Pursuits
Passive Therapeutic Approach using Chicken Egg Yolk (IgY) Antibodies against C.difficile
and its Prevalence in Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
Objectives
1. To characterize the patients samples for screening, isolation, different methods of
biochemical identification and detection of Clostridium difficile Toxin A & B
2. To collect the demographic and clinical parameters of the isolates to investigate the
prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections.
3. To generate and characterize the chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against Clostridium
difficile.
4. To determine the specificity, quantitative titration of antibodies by ELISA, and analyze
the protein profile of anti- Clostridium difficile IgY antibodies by SDS PAGE.
5. To determine the physicochemical properties, stability and the neutralization efficacy of
Clostridium diffiicle-specific IgY by in-vitro growth inhibition methods
Summary
The detection of CDT in the diagnosis of CDI requires vigilance by both clinician and
Microbiologist to look out for possible infected patients. Antibiotic usage is a known risk factor;
thus restricted use of antibiotics may results the reduction of CDI. In this study the prevalence of
CDAD was 0.3 and 0.2 per 10,000 patient days in 2011 and 2012; this rate is lower than the
prevalence rates reported from the other countries. Mainly due to the strict implementation of
restricted antibiotic guidelines, before starting any restricted antibiotics, the antibiotic form must be
approved by the Microbiologist, may consider with minimum level compatible with effective
therapy. This study explore that each hospital must strictly use the antibiotic guidelines to encourage
the rational use of antibiotics and reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics helps to slow down the
evolution of microbial antibiotic resistance. And also encourage the use of alternative antibiotics,
which are less toxic and less expensive.
The present investigation is focused to generate chicken egg yolk antibodies against C.difficile. A
standard isolate of Clostridium difficile procured from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9689)
was used for the in-vitro study. The strain was characterized morphologically and biochemically. The
C.difficile culture was also identified by the VITEK 2 automated microbial detection systems. The
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7. Dr Sue E Shajan
systems accommodate the colorimetric reagent cards that are incubated and the results are
interpreted automatically. Clostridiumdifficile whole cell antigen was prepared and viability and purity
of antigen was checked. The white leghorn chickens were intramuscularly immunized with whole
cell antigen comprising of Clostridium difficile emulsified with Freunds adjuvant. Periodically the
booster doses were given at every 2weeks of interval till the antibody level reaches a plateau. The
antibodies generated from the chicken immunized with the antigen were purified from the egg yolk
by Polson et al., (1980). Protein and total IgY concentration were estimated. The average
concentration of protein and total IgY were 39.99 賊 0.79 mg/ ml and 15.26 賊 0.57 mg/ml for
C.difficile Purity of IgY was determined by SDS-PAGE, in which, 180KDa protein bands were
observed. Specific reactivity of IgY with respective antigen was assessed by agglutinating capacity in
the rapid slide agglutination test. Titer of specific IgY in egg yolk was estimated by ELISA. The
higher titre of 1:100000 were estimated on 91st day were maintained with booster doses. In order to
evaluate the efficacy of IgY- C.difficile in preventing and treatment of C.difficile infection and the
stability in humans was investigated at different physicochemical properties. Anti-C.difficile IgY was
found to be stable at the temperature of 4属C, 10尊C, 25属C, 37尊C and pH ranging between 4.0 and 9.0.
The stability level of IgY shows its ability to withstand the intestinal acidic condition.
Growth inhibition assay was performed to determine whether the binding activity of anti- Clostridium
difficile IgY could inhibit the C.difficile growth in the liquid medium. There was a significant reduction
in the growth of Clostridium difficile after 16 hours of incubation. Antibiotics are not only important to
cure infections, although resistance is increasing, development of new antibiotics is also decreasing..
Likewise, a number of studies and case reports have indicated that passive immunotherapy is a
successful therapy for patients suffering chronic relapsing C.difficile infection, which did not respond
to standard treatment (i.e., antibiotic therapy). Here in this study we contend that colonizing factor
specific IgY preparation, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic strategies, depict for
treating CDI because they can be mass-produced inexpensively, and they are listed in a safe category
for human use. Passive immunization by oral administration of specific antibodies in a capsule form
has been an attractive approach against gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathogens in both humans and
animals. These studies indicate that eggs from chickens immunized with appropriate antigens are
potentially a useful of passive immunity. In the future studies the antibody that harvested against
antigenic component of C. difficile can be incorporated as prophylactic and passive therapeutic agent.
However more intense studies are to be done for successful application of egg derived antibody.
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8. Dr Sue E Shajan
Passive immunotherapy with specific IgY may be a promising alternative with high specific natural
and low cost effective.
Awards and Honors Lists
PhD Mark List & Degree Certificate.
World Education Service US equivalency Evaluation Report
Diploma in Medical Microbiology
M.Sc certificates
B.Sc Certificates.
Certification
In Charge Of Microbiology Certificate
BLS Certificate
Certificate of Appreciation MOH LAB
CBAHI, JCIA and Quality Control
All Experience Certificates:
References
Dr. Elizabeth Mathai [WHO Officer, Geneva]
Department of Clinical Microbiology
CMCH, Vellore.
0041794056602
Relationship: Professor and Mentor for 5 years
Dr. A.Michael
Department of Microbiology,
PSG College of Arts& Science,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
00919842223414, amichela2000@gmail.com
Relationship: Ph.D. Guide for 5 years
Dr. M.Palaniswamy
Department of Microbiology
Karpagam University
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
00919894736777, m.palaniswamy@gmail.com
Relationship: Ph.D. Advisor for 5 years
Dr. Faisal.H.M
Chief of Medical Staff,
Department of Medicine,
Al Mana General Hospital,
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9. Dr Sue E Shajan
Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
00966504967427, fahms91@hotmail.com
Relationship: Hospital Medical director and Ph.D. Co-guide for total 15 years.
Declaration
I solemnly declare that the above information furnished here are true to the best of my knowledge
and belief.
Signature of the Applicant
(SUE ELIZABETH SHAJAN)
9
10. Dr Sue E Shajan
Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
00966504967427, fahms91@hotmail.com
Relationship: Hospital Medical director and Ph.D. Co-guide for total 15 years.
Declaration
I solemnly declare that the above information furnished here are true to the best of my knowledge
and belief.
Signature of the Applicant
(SUE ELIZABETH SHAJAN)
9