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Driver Distraction and Fatigue (B. Marsh, U. Brumec, J. Klang)
- 1. Driver Distraction AND Fatigue Workgroup 3 of TC 3.2 Design and operation of Safer Road Infrastructure: Brendan Marsh (Australia) Uro邸 Brumec (Slovenia) Jaakko Klang (Finland) Keith Cota (United States) Pierre Anelli (France) Lise Fournier (Canada) Bernhard Lautner (Austria) 6 November, Seoul, South Korea
- 2. What is your road safety priority? Reduce crashes? Prevent people from being seriously injured or killed? Prevent the devastation that results from a serious crash? => Prioritise the prevention of serious crash outcomes.
- 3. Safe Road System Framework (1) Contain crash energies to within the human tolerances: 70km/h : frontal, rear end and roll over 50km/h : 90 degree side 30km/h : unprotected => Road users can potentially be sustainably safe even with the risk of driver distraction and fatigue.
- 4. UNSAFE CRASHES (people are seriously injured or killed) Crashes are SAFE (people are not seriously injured or killed). Road safety measures that reliably lower potential crash energies to within the human tolerances generally PREVENT serious crash outcomes. Road safety measures that depend upon the road user (e.g. road rule compliance) or the post-crash response DO NOT reliably prevent serious crash outcomes. Safe Road System Framework (2)
- 5. Humans and Driving Does the next situation fall within an automated learned skill response? 1. Identifies sub automated learned skill responses. 2. Calculates aspects of response beyond learned skills. Form mental model of road, traffic, conditions and objectives. Gather inputs: check speed, scan road Read signs Scan mirrors etc Consciously orchestrated response (with combined conscious and subconscious elements) Subconscious (Automated) Response Y Conscious brain activated N
- 6. A driver can only focus on one thing at a time. Scientific observation of a driver travelling a roadway and monitoring their focal point over time Drivers tasks while driving Humans and Driving
- 7. Time Decay of information from five and seven separately performed repetitive tasks 5 info. 7 info. Humans and Driving
- 8. Monotony Fatigue - Driver Activation Can be 7 seconds or more to re-activate, depending upon how de-activated the driver is. Ideal High (ok) Low (ok) Activation Level Too High Too Low
- 9. Role of Road Engineering 1. Where possible contain potential crash energy to within tolerances: Road safety barrier Low conflict energy intersections (e.g. roundabouts) Calm traffic where unprotected road user interactions are high 2. Manage driver activation Short distractions can be beneficial Dont coincide public art / road information / other attractors of attention with high risk road locations place them in advance Interact with multiple human senses, e.g.:
- 10. LOW COST ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS INCREASE VISIBILITY WITH SIGNAGE (CHEVRONS) OPEN GRADED PAYMENT DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
- 11. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS TALK-TO-THE-DRIVER STRATEGIES SPEED HUMPS RUMBLE STRIPS SIGNAGE TECTURED PAVEMENT
- 12. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS COMPETING COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING WITH TRAFFIC SIGNAGE
- 13. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS LOW COST ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS IMPROVED PAVEMENT MARKINGS & SIGNS
- 14. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS INTRODUCTION OF ROADWAY GEOMETRY CHANGE WILL HELP TO REINGAGE THE DRIVERS ATTENTION
- 15. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS - ROADWAY SPEAKS TO THE DRIVER - MILLED AUDIO TACKTILE LANES AT SHOULDER AND/OR CENTER LINE
- 16. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS ESSENTIAL RECOGNISABILITY CHARACTERISTICS (ERC) ROADWAY TRANSFORMATION TO INFORMATIVE AND RECOGNISABLE LAYOUT
- 17. DRIVER DISTRACTION & FATIGUE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS REST AREAS AND WELCOME CENTERS
- 18. THE FUTURE Road authorities and engineering need to: Re-focus onto ensuring CRASHES ARE SAFE. Take greater responsibility for preventing serious injury and death when crashes occur Implement the Safe Road System Framework
- 19. THE FUTURE We can no longer blame the road user for: Many forms of Driver Distraction or Fatigue Serious injury arising from a Driver Distraction or Fatigue crash Further work is required to redefine and unite the Human Factors elements of road engineering to: Recognise the latest cognitive science findings Design a road environment that consistently engages with both the subconscious and conscious brain operations and causes all the users to naturally use the road within its safety limitations Maintain driver activation and increase activation ahead of serious crash risks.
- 20. For further information, contact: Brendan Marsh : +61 427 515 677 Bren@bjmarsh.com.au Uros Brumec: +386 1 30 68 331 uros.brumec@dri.si Jaako Klang: +358 400 824207 Jaakko.klang@ely-keskus.fi