Penguins are flightless birds that live in both cold climates and areas close to the equator. They have white fronts and black backs, with some having yellow faces. Eighteen penguin species exist worldwide. Emperor penguins are the largest, reaching over 1 meter tall and 35 kg, while Little Blue Penguins are the smallest at 40 cm and 1 kg. Penguins waddle on land but swim quickly underwater, launching themselves upward before diving back down. During breeding season, they search for mates by sliding on ice, and females later lay eggs that males incubate for four months.