AS-U1-2.1-Enzymes and the digestive system
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The document discusses the structure and function of the digestive system. It describes the major organs involved, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. It explains that both physical and chemical digestion break down large food molecules into smaller absorbable ones. Chemical digestion involves enzymes that are produced in various glands and organs that break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats through the process of hydrolysis.
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AS-U1-2.1-Enzymes and the digestive system
- 1. Enzymes and the digestive system Objective: To understand the structure and function of the major parts of the digestive system. Outcomes: ~ Identify the structures found in the digestive system and describe their function. ~ Explain how both physical and chemical processes are involved in digestion. ~ Explain the role of enzymes in the digestive system. Sunday, 28 September 2014 Keywords Enzymes Digestion Absorption Egestion Assimilation Carbohydrases Lipases Proteases Hydrolysis
- 2. The Digestive Mouth (containing System salivary glands) Liver Oesophagus (Gullet) Stomach Pancreas Large intestine Gall bladder Small intestine Rectum Anus
- 3. Organ Function Churns up food with hydrochloric acid. Undigested food passes along here and water is reabsorbed. Makes bile which is then stored in the gall bladder. Digested food is absorbed into the blood here. Makes enzymes. Squeezes food towards the stomach. Breaks food into smaller pieces.
- 4. The alimentary canal along with a range of organs and glands (produce enzymes) make up the digestive system. Function? To break down large insoluble molecules of food into smaller soluble ones. ~ Physical digestion ~ Chemical digestion (enzymes) e.g. carbohydrate ïƒ glucose Peristalsis Involuntary waves of muscular contraction
- 5. The mouth Physical digestion of food by the teeth and tongue, forming a bolus. Salivary glands secrete saliva: ~ water-dissolves any soluble substances ~ mucus-lubrication ~ lysozymes- kill bacteria ~ amylase-digests starch into maltose (chemical digestion)
- 6. The oesophagus A muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. Peristalsis No digestion occurs here. Mouth Oesophagus Trachea Lungs Stomach Thick muscular wall
- 7. The stomach Physical digestion occurs due to muscles in the stomach which churns the food forming chyme. Gastric glands secrete gastric juice: ~ Enzymes (proteases) provide chemical digestion. ~ HCl acid (pH1) to kill bacteria. ~ Mucus to prevent the stomach from being digested.
- 8. The pancreas Large gland which secretes pancreatic juice. This contains enzymes including lipase, protease and amylase. Stomach Pancreas Gall bladder Duct Duct Small intestine
- 9. The small intestine Long muscular tube (6.5m) ~ Duodenum: Further digestion takes place here due to enzymes secreted by the intestine walls and from pancreatic juice. Bile is also secreted here via the liver, which emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid. ~ Jejunum: Digestion and absorption. Surface area is increased due to villi and microvilli. ~ Ileum: Final digestion and absorption.
- 10. The large intestine Where most water is reabsorbed. Food becomes drier forming faeces. Stored in the rectum and released via the anus, egestion. Transverse colon Ascending colon Descending colon Rectum Appendix Anus
- 11. Chemical digestion Chemical digestion is... Physical digestion V s. List 2 places where this type of digestion occurs. Large molecule? Small molecule? Group of enzymes involved? Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Hydrolysis is... Copy and complete the table below. Following digestion small molecules are... Describe the importance of this type of digestion.
- 12. Digestive System: Recap Digestive System: Recap Organ Function Churns up food with hydrochloric acid. Undigested food passes along here and water is reabsorbed. Makes bile which is then stored in the gall bladder. Digested food is absorbed into the blood here. Makes enzymes. Squeezes food towards the stomach. Breaks food into smaller pieces. Organ Function Churns up food with hydrochloric acid. Undigested food passes along here and water is reabsorbed. Makes bile which is then stored in the gall bladder. Digested food is absorbed into the blood here. Makes enzymes. Squeezes food towards the stomach. Breaks food into smaller pieces.