Equity research is important for investors to make informed decisions. It involves in-depth analysis of companies to evaluate their fair value and estimate earnings and valuations. Good research identifies growth and decline trends to help maximize returns by solving for the "right time" and "right price" to invest. While companies now provide more information to researchers, individual investors are unwilling to pay for research themselves. They should learn from institutional investors, who spend heavily on research and analysts to gain an edge. Relying on research rather than broker tips allows individual investors to take informed actions.