Modern domestic cattle evolved from a single ancestor called the aurochs. Cattle were first domesticated in Europe and Asia during the Stone Age and served three purposes - meat, milk, and labor. Over time, cattle breeds specialized in either meat or dairy production. Some of the earliest recognized cattle breeds included Shorthorns and Devons. Texas Longhorns and other breeds were important in early American history. The behavior of cattle makes them well-suited to management by humans.
Introduction to 16S Analysis with NGS - BMR GenomicsAndrea Telatin
油
This document provides an overview and primer on 16S amplicon sequencing and analysis for metagenomics. It discusses how 16S is a ubiquitous gene that can be used to compare microbial communities across samples, outlines common analysis steps like preprocessing, OTU picking, taxonomy assignment, and diversity metrics, and introduces two analysis tools - MEGAN and Qiime. Key advantages and limitations of the 16S amplicon approach are highlighted.
Genetic mapping is based on recombination frequencies between genetic loci during meiosis. Physical mapping determines the actual distances in base pairs between sequences on a chromosome using overlapping DNA fragments. Before whole genome sequencing, physical maps were created using techniques like restriction mapping of large-insert clones, probing genomic libraries with end fragments, and chromosome walking to build contigs of overlapping sequences. This allowed sequencing of individual fragments which could then be assembled into a complete genome sequence.
This document discusses artificial insemination in livestock. It provides a history of artificial insemination, noting the first documented use in 1780. It describes the process of artificial insemination including collecting semen from males, evaluating semen quality, diluting and preserving the semen, and depositing it in females. Key steps include collecting semen via an artificial vagina, assessing semen characteristics like volume and motility, adding diluents to preserve semen during cooling or freezing, and depositing diluted semen in the cervix using an inseminating gun. The document outlines advantages like being able to breed more females and control disease, as well as challenges like needing trained professionals and risks of contamination.
This document discusses different types of bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as an engineered device that supports a biologically active environment. It then classifies bioreactors as either suspended growth or biofilm reactors. The main types of bioreactors discussed are batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), plug flow, packed bed, fluidized bed, and trickling filters. Applications mentioned include waste water treatment, food production, and reducing air pollutants. The document provides details on the operation and uses of these various bioreactor configurations.
CRISPR in crop Improvement, CRISPR/Cas Genome editing toolParthasarathiG2
油
This document discusses the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 and its mechanism of action. It then discusses the discovery of CRISPR and key scientists involved. Several case studies on using CRISPR to edit rice genes for disease resistance and hybrid seed production are summarized. Achievements using CRISPR in rice, horticulture crops, and other field crops are briefly outlined. The document concludes that CRISPR provides a simple and efficient tool for genome editing in plants.
1) The document provides information on banana production in various states in India for the year 2006-07, with Maharashtra ranking first in productivity at 62 tons per hectare and contributing 37% to total fruit production.
2) It discusses banana cultivation in Andhra Pradesh, noting that area under cultivation has increased but productivity has remained the same until recent years with the introduction of tissue culture plants.
3) It lists several tissue culture companies in Hyderabad and provides projections showing increasing volume and value of tissue culture plant production from 2003-08.
1) The document discusses biosafety and bioethics issues related to microbial technology and biotechnology. It addresses concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their impact on human health and the environment.
2) Good manufacturing practices (GMP) are guidelines that ensure products are consistently high quality and safe. They cover all aspects of production to minimize risks.
3) Proper rules and regulations around biosafety are important and vary depending on the organism and its intended use. Biosafety and gaining public trust are crucial to the development and application of biotechnology.
1000, and 20000 dairy farm proposal for malaysiaHamed Faghiri
油
The document outlines a proposal for establishing a modern dairy cattle farm in Malaysia, with aims to produce high-quality milk for local consumption and export, addressing the significant demand gap in the country. It discusses the advantages of modern dairy farming in Malaysia, the anticipated sales of various dairy products, and the expected ROI from investments in dairy cattle farming. The implementation plan includes financial estimates for both small (1,000 cows) and large (20,000 cows) operations, highlighting potential profitability and the transfer of technology to local farmers.
Editing rice-genome with CRISPR/Cas9: To improve agronomic traits for increa...apaari
油
The document details the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit the rice genome for improved agronomic traits and enhanced productivity. It discusses the process of developing transgenic rice plants, including targeting specific genes for knockout to produce high-yield, non-transgenic varieties, and highlights the functional roles of genes like osckx2 and gw2 in regulating rice grain number and yield. The research emphasizes generating precise genetic modifications in rice without maintaining transgenic markers through molecular analysis and selection techniques.
Marker assisted selection for complex traits in agricultural cropsAparna Veluru
油
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) uses DNA markers linked to traits of interest to assist plant breeders in selecting desirable plants. MAS has advantages over phenotypic selection like enabling selection at early stages. MAS breeding schemes include marker-assisted backcrossing to introgress traits while minimizing linkage drag, and pyramiding to combine multiple genes/QTLs. Case studies demonstrate using MAS to develop rice varieties with submergence tolerance and improve yield traits. However, limitations include inconsistent QTL-marker associations across environments and difficulties evaluating complex trait genetics like epistasis. Future work aims to optimize MAS efficiency and integration with plant breeding.
The document discusses gene drives, which are mechanisms that ensure specific genes are inherited throughout a population, potentially offering solutions for ecosystem management. It also explains CRISPR-Cas9 technology, a powerful tool for precise genetic editing, used to remove, add, or alter DNA sequences with various applications. However, challenges and limitations exist for both gene drives, such as their dependence on generational spread, and CRISPR-Cas9, including the need for evolutionary stability and the inability to alter asexually reproducing populations.
This document discusses clean gene technology for developing transgenic plants without selectable marker genes. It presents 5 methods for producing marker-free transgenic plants: 1) co-transformation, 2) site-specific recombination-mediated marker deletion using the Cre/loxP system, 3) transposon-based marker methods, 4) intrachromosomal recombination, and 5) removal of chloroplast marker genes using homologous recombination. Each method is described briefly along with their advantages and limitations. The document concludes with a list of references on clean gene technology and selectable marker genes.
The document discusses genomic research and sequencing technologies. It provides a history of genomic research from early sequencing methods like Sanger sequencing to modern massively parallel sequencing. It describes several next-generation sequencing platforms, including their read lengths, accuracy, applications, and differences. It emphasizes that data analysis is a major challenge and advises consulting sequencing facilities and having dedicated bioinformaticians for projects.
Conventional and non conventional methods of crop improvementSachin Ekatpure
油
This document discusses advances in crop biotechnology presented by Ekatpure Sachin Chandrakant. It summarizes that early farmers selected desirable traits over many years of planting and harvesting. Modern breeding uses genetics to develop improved varieties. While conventional breeding has limitations, new techniques like mutation breeding, hybrid seed technology, genetic engineering, tissue culture and marker-assisted selection are allowing for more rapid crop improvement. These newer methods can transfer genes between unrelated species, achieve results faster than conventional breeding, and help identify specific desirable genes.
The document is a field report detailing a visit to Burao's agricultural farms aimed at understanding dryland farming techniques and challenges. It highlights the observed farming practices, specific crops, lessons learned regarding pest control, water harvesting, and the importance of proper plant spacing. Additionally, the report includes SWOT analyses for two farms visited and concludes with recommendations for improving agricultural productivity in the region.
This document discusses national capacity building initiatives for biotechnology research and development in Ethiopia. It provides background on Ethiopia's agricultural system and constraints like diseases, pests, and abiotic stresses. Efforts are being made to build biotechnology education and research capacity through projects to train researchers, develop infrastructure, and establish enabling policies. Recent initiatives include establishing a Biotechnology Council and Institute to coordinate activities, and projects to develop human resources and research infrastructure nationwide to support the country's goal of improved food security through agricultural biotechnology. Challenges remain around developing infrastructure, incentives, and public awareness.
Whole genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome. It involves sequencing all chromosomal and organellar DNA. Key methods include shotgun sequencing, which randomly fragments DNA for sequencing, and single molecule real time sequencing, which observes individual DNA polymerases incorporating nucleotides in real time using fluorescent tags. Whole genome sequencing has provided insights into evolutionary biology and may help predict disease susceptibility, though technical challenges remain such as fully sequencing repetitive regions.
We take great pleasure in announcing that Ms. Helen distinguished herself by securing the top position in her graduating class and across our institution. For any further inquiries or clarifications, please feel free to reach out to us at your convenience. We believe that the expertise of your staff will significantly contribute to the academic development of our institution
Final Edited Post Accreditation Feedback 衣 求衣梶衣 求求 求 メ ...berhanu taye
油
Those who are not mentioned in the above tables, but the information is compiled in the training institutes.
The fact that the ratio of computer/training module to trainee is 1:1, however, the ratio of trainee department/module is not less than 1:10, which shows the weakness of training institutions. Repetition rate is high
Hewan fashion design Training Institute is licensed for 25 trainees, but it has added 2 more sewing machines than can be held in the workshop room and used 27 sewing machines in total, which violates the standards; This means that it allows 42.5 square meters; The standard allows 1:7 for a workshop for one trainee, and filling the room with a training machine without adding 3.4 square meters of land for the additional machine, means that when calculated by the ratio, it shows that the room is crowded by 0.136 square meters for one trainee. It is information. This data shows the training institutes that have the problem.
The institutions have a trainee class ratio of 1:2 when the data is compiled.
It was found that the ratio of coach to coach should be 1:2 on average, but it is 1:27. The training department/module ratio is not less than 1:10, which shows the weakness of the training institutions. Promotion rate is low.
п 求 香 衣 衣 求 衣
衣/衣 衣a メ// 11 衣a / 110 衣 衣求 求 梶 = repetition rate is high
衣 衣 潤 過 メ 衣衣a 25 衣a 過 鍾 求 潤 2 過 メ 衣衣a 27 メ 求 潤 a 求梶梶 a 衣 42.5 求 過 求梶梶 求衣a 17 鍾 過 潤 潤 3.4 求 求 梶求 衣 潤 戟 求 過衣 衣a 0.136 求 求 梶 求梶梶 梶 鍾 衣a 156 求 衣a 梶 = 潤 a午 衣 衣 梶 =
衣 衣a メ梶 1 2 過 12 =
衣a 衣a メ梶 12 過a 127 衣潤= 衣a / 110 衣 衣求 求 梶 =
Promotion rate is low. Therefore, it is understood that there is something that training institutions need to improve. It can be understood from the tables presented above that there is a lack of information due to the lack of information that should be filled in the checklist we have made.
The completed data shows that the dropout rate is at a high level.
In addition, professional qualification assessment is not being evaluated as it should be.
The trainees who are being trained are required to properly document the training they are undergoing at the training facility and report it to the authority office.
衣 衣 氏氏 a午 メ梶 梶 衣潤aa = 求衣 氏 衣 釈求 a午 梶 梶午 メメ メ梶 梶 =
衣求 梶 衣 衣
衣 メ a メ求 =
衣メ 衣a a 衣メ求
1000, and 20000 dairy farm proposal for malaysiaHamed Faghiri
油
The document outlines a proposal for establishing a modern dairy cattle farm in Malaysia, with aims to produce high-quality milk for local consumption and export, addressing the significant demand gap in the country. It discusses the advantages of modern dairy farming in Malaysia, the anticipated sales of various dairy products, and the expected ROI from investments in dairy cattle farming. The implementation plan includes financial estimates for both small (1,000 cows) and large (20,000 cows) operations, highlighting potential profitability and the transfer of technology to local farmers.
Editing rice-genome with CRISPR/Cas9: To improve agronomic traits for increa...apaari
油
The document details the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit the rice genome for improved agronomic traits and enhanced productivity. It discusses the process of developing transgenic rice plants, including targeting specific genes for knockout to produce high-yield, non-transgenic varieties, and highlights the functional roles of genes like osckx2 and gw2 in regulating rice grain number and yield. The research emphasizes generating precise genetic modifications in rice without maintaining transgenic markers through molecular analysis and selection techniques.
Marker assisted selection for complex traits in agricultural cropsAparna Veluru
油
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) uses DNA markers linked to traits of interest to assist plant breeders in selecting desirable plants. MAS has advantages over phenotypic selection like enabling selection at early stages. MAS breeding schemes include marker-assisted backcrossing to introgress traits while minimizing linkage drag, and pyramiding to combine multiple genes/QTLs. Case studies demonstrate using MAS to develop rice varieties with submergence tolerance and improve yield traits. However, limitations include inconsistent QTL-marker associations across environments and difficulties evaluating complex trait genetics like epistasis. Future work aims to optimize MAS efficiency and integration with plant breeding.
The document discusses gene drives, which are mechanisms that ensure specific genes are inherited throughout a population, potentially offering solutions for ecosystem management. It also explains CRISPR-Cas9 technology, a powerful tool for precise genetic editing, used to remove, add, or alter DNA sequences with various applications. However, challenges and limitations exist for both gene drives, such as their dependence on generational spread, and CRISPR-Cas9, including the need for evolutionary stability and the inability to alter asexually reproducing populations.
This document discusses clean gene technology for developing transgenic plants without selectable marker genes. It presents 5 methods for producing marker-free transgenic plants: 1) co-transformation, 2) site-specific recombination-mediated marker deletion using the Cre/loxP system, 3) transposon-based marker methods, 4) intrachromosomal recombination, and 5) removal of chloroplast marker genes using homologous recombination. Each method is described briefly along with their advantages and limitations. The document concludes with a list of references on clean gene technology and selectable marker genes.
The document discusses genomic research and sequencing technologies. It provides a history of genomic research from early sequencing methods like Sanger sequencing to modern massively parallel sequencing. It describes several next-generation sequencing platforms, including their read lengths, accuracy, applications, and differences. It emphasizes that data analysis is a major challenge and advises consulting sequencing facilities and having dedicated bioinformaticians for projects.
Conventional and non conventional methods of crop improvementSachin Ekatpure
油
This document discusses advances in crop biotechnology presented by Ekatpure Sachin Chandrakant. It summarizes that early farmers selected desirable traits over many years of planting and harvesting. Modern breeding uses genetics to develop improved varieties. While conventional breeding has limitations, new techniques like mutation breeding, hybrid seed technology, genetic engineering, tissue culture and marker-assisted selection are allowing for more rapid crop improvement. These newer methods can transfer genes between unrelated species, achieve results faster than conventional breeding, and help identify specific desirable genes.
The document is a field report detailing a visit to Burao's agricultural farms aimed at understanding dryland farming techniques and challenges. It highlights the observed farming practices, specific crops, lessons learned regarding pest control, water harvesting, and the importance of proper plant spacing. Additionally, the report includes SWOT analyses for two farms visited and concludes with recommendations for improving agricultural productivity in the region.
This document discusses national capacity building initiatives for biotechnology research and development in Ethiopia. It provides background on Ethiopia's agricultural system and constraints like diseases, pests, and abiotic stresses. Efforts are being made to build biotechnology education and research capacity through projects to train researchers, develop infrastructure, and establish enabling policies. Recent initiatives include establishing a Biotechnology Council and Institute to coordinate activities, and projects to develop human resources and research infrastructure nationwide to support the country's goal of improved food security through agricultural biotechnology. Challenges remain around developing infrastructure, incentives, and public awareness.
Whole genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome. It involves sequencing all chromosomal and organellar DNA. Key methods include shotgun sequencing, which randomly fragments DNA for sequencing, and single molecule real time sequencing, which observes individual DNA polymerases incorporating nucleotides in real time using fluorescent tags. Whole genome sequencing has provided insights into evolutionary biology and may help predict disease susceptibility, though technical challenges remain such as fully sequencing repetitive regions.
We take great pleasure in announcing that Ms. Helen distinguished herself by securing the top position in her graduating class and across our institution. For any further inquiries or clarifications, please feel free to reach out to us at your convenience. We believe that the expertise of your staff will significantly contribute to the academic development of our institution
Final Edited Post Accreditation Feedback 衣 求衣梶衣 求求 求 メ ...berhanu taye
油
Those who are not mentioned in the above tables, but the information is compiled in the training institutes.
The fact that the ratio of computer/training module to trainee is 1:1, however, the ratio of trainee department/module is not less than 1:10, which shows the weakness of training institutions. Repetition rate is high
Hewan fashion design Training Institute is licensed for 25 trainees, but it has added 2 more sewing machines than can be held in the workshop room and used 27 sewing machines in total, which violates the standards; This means that it allows 42.5 square meters; The standard allows 1:7 for a workshop for one trainee, and filling the room with a training machine without adding 3.4 square meters of land for the additional machine, means that when calculated by the ratio, it shows that the room is crowded by 0.136 square meters for one trainee. It is information. This data shows the training institutes that have the problem.
The institutions have a trainee class ratio of 1:2 when the data is compiled.
It was found that the ratio of coach to coach should be 1:2 on average, but it is 1:27. The training department/module ratio is not less than 1:10, which shows the weakness of the training institutions. Promotion rate is low.
п 求 香 衣 衣 求 衣
衣/衣 衣a メ// 11 衣a / 110 衣 衣求 求 梶 = repetition rate is high
衣 衣 潤 過 メ 衣衣a 25 衣a 過 鍾 求 潤 2 過 メ 衣衣a 27 メ 求 潤 a 求梶梶 a 衣 42.5 求 過 求梶梶 求衣a 17 鍾 過 潤 潤 3.4 求 求 梶求 衣 潤 戟 求 過衣 衣a 0.136 求 求 梶 求梶梶 梶 鍾 衣a 156 求 衣a 梶 = 潤 a午 衣 衣 梶 =
衣 衣a メ梶 1 2 過 12 =
衣a 衣a メ梶 12 過a 127 衣潤= 衣a / 110 衣 衣求 求 梶 =
Promotion rate is low. Therefore, it is understood that there is something that training institutions need to improve. It can be understood from the tables presented above that there is a lack of information due to the lack of information that should be filled in the checklist we have made.
The completed data shows that the dropout rate is at a high level.
In addition, professional qualification assessment is not being evaluated as it should be.
The trainees who are being trained are required to properly document the training they are undergoing at the training facility and report it to the authority office.
衣 衣 氏氏 a午 メ梶 梶 衣潤aa = 求衣 氏 衣 釈求 a午 梶 梶午 メメ メ梶 梶 =
衣求 梶 衣 衣
衣 メ a メ求 =
衣メ 衣a a 衣メ求
衣氏潤 衣 = 衣a
衣 求 メ近香 衣a 衣メ 潤 衣 衣a潤 衣 衣a潤 求 求 = 求 衣 梶午 近 (求) 過 求メメ 求 求 潤a午 衣 衣 求 メ堰 求 求 求 求梶梶 衣 衣 求= 求メメ 求 衣 メ メメ近 衣 求求 求 衣 梶衣 メ (Cooperative Training in the service areas and in the industries sector)= 求 メ 堰 求 衣 求 メ 衣 (unite of competency and occupational standard/ competency based training competency based training /CBT) 求 求 衣 求メメ 求 (Cooperative Training in the service areas and in the industries sector) .梶午 a≡ 衣 (memorandums of understanding) 過 衣a氏潤 メ梶午 衣 衣 メ メ メ過 求氏= 衣 衣a氏潤 求 center of competency assessment and certification (COCAC) 求 過 メ = 衣梶 衣a 衣氏潤 衣 both formative / continual assessment the progress of the trainees and summative evaluation at the end of the session 衣/ 求 メ メ梶午 衣潤 衣衣
Summary A summary of the functions listed above applies to our institutions
The first priority of the institute is to start the training by hiring manpower trainers who can implement the plans. After the start of the training, we need to strengthen the network with the concerned bodies and identify the institutions where we can provide cooperative training and focus on the quality of the training. Cooperative Training in the service areas and in the industries sector. We have prepared memorandums of understanding with bodies to enable our trainees to qualify for national and international assessments in addition to institutional assessment. Therefore, we are already planning to have a center of competency assessment and certification (COCAC) for our trainees nationwide. In addition to the national assessment, we are fully prepared to provide our trainee students with both formal and continuous evaluation of the progress of the trainees and summative evaluation at the end of the session.