Fast Neural Style is a technique that allows neural networks to transfer artistic style from paintings to photographs in real-time. It works by using a pretrained convolutional neural network to extract feature representations from images and matching the style representations between images. The technique was improved by using instance normalization instead of batch normalization to reduce artifacts. Implementations need to address issues like border artifacts and checkerboard artifacts by using reflection padding and replacing deconvolutions with resize-convolutions. A demo shows Fast Neural Style successfully transferring styles from paintings onto photos in seconds, showing the technique's potential for neural art generation.