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FIGURES OF SPEECH:
A figure of speech is a
deviation from the
ordinary use of words
in order to increase
their effectiveness.

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
1. Simile. In this figure of
speech, two unlike thing are
directly compared, and are
introduced by words such as
like, so, as.
Example: “Listening to her report
was like watching grass grow.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
2. Metaphor. Similar to simile,
but in metaphor the comparison
is implied because it does not
use words such as like, so, as.
Example: “Though adopted,
their daughter proved to be the
star of their family.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
3. Personification. In
personification, human-like
attributes are used to describe
inanimate objects or abstract
notions.
Example: “An unforgiving cold
blanketed the city.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
4. Metonymy. Metonymy substitutes
a name for the thing or item meant.
Some common metonymy
expressions include “Lend me your
ears” where ears refer to an audience
or attention. Another is, “Give me a
hand” where hand means ‘help or
assistance.’

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
5. Apostrophe. This figure of
speech is a direct address or call
to some inanimate object or some
abstract idea as if it were living
person or some absent person as
if it were present.
Example: “Hope! Where are you?
Why have you deserted our land?”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
6. Hyperbole. A hyperbole is a
figure of speech that uses
exaggeration to emphasize
comparison in a sentence.
Example: “The dishwashers were
welcomed by towers of plates
after the wedding reception.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
7. Synecdoche. Synecdoche is a figure
of speech in which a part of something
is used to signify the whole, or vice-
versa.
Example: “Malacañang earlier approved
the increase in teacher’s salaries.” (In
this example, Malacañang is used to
represent the president of the
Philippines and his office.)

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
9. Antithesis. In antithesis, a
glaring contrast of words is made in
the same sentence for emphasis.
An example would be the words
uttered by Neil Armstrong the
moment he stepped on the Moon:
“That’s one small step for man, one
giant leap for mankind.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
10. Oxymoron. It is a figure of
speech which combines two
opposing or incongruous words
in one phrase/sentence for
emphasis. An example of this
use would be the phrases “wise
fool” or “deafening silence.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
11. Litotes. Litotes is a figure of
speech in which a negative
statement is used to affirm or
declare a positive statement or
sentiment.
Example: “The field trip was fine,
though. It wasn’t a terrible trip.”

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
12. Onomatopoeia. This figure of
speech uses sounds from nature or the
environment, usually animal sounds, as
regular words in a sentence.
Examples: “A loud thud was heard from
the room above theirs.”
“They listened as raindrops pitter patter
on the roof.”

DRILL: ONOMATOPOEIA
Instruction: (5 groups)
All the members shall
Choose number from 1-5.
Then, your correct answers
will be added to your
assessment.

DRILL: ONOMATOPOEIA
1. The candidate’s long gown
made a _____ noise as she
walked on the runway.
2. He could hardly sleep that
night, so he ended up counting
each _____ of the clock.

DRILL: ONOMATOPOEIA
3. Albert was obviously
furious when he closed the
door with a loud _____.
4. I could her the ducks
_____ from across the
pond.

DRILL: ONOMATOPOEIA
5. The bees _____
around the blooming
garden.

DRILL: PERSONIFICATION
1. Brownie, our pet dog
(barked) when I had to
leave for school.
2. The mango (fell) from
the tree.

3. Mia was making some
fruit shake in the kitchen as
the blender (made a noise).
4. Because of the heavy
traffic, the car (moved) on
the avenue.

5. The net (moves)
whenever the player
dunks the basketball.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
(1) A __________ is a
deviation from the
ordinary use of words
in order to increase
their effectiveness.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
Though common in
literary pieces, figures
of speech –specifically
(2) __________, are
required in a poem.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
In (3)__________, two
unlike thing are directly
compared.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
In (4)__________,
human-like attributes
are used to describe
inanimate objects.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
“Give me a hand” is an
example of
(5)__________.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
(1) __________ is a
direct address to an
abstract idea as if it
were living person.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
A hyperbole uses
(2)__________ to
emphasize
comparison.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
Synecdoche is a figure
of speech in which a
part of something is
used to signify the
(3)__________.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
(4)__________ is a
figure of speech which
combines two
opposing words in one
sentence.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
Onomatopoeia uses
sounds from
(5)__________ as
regular words.

ASSESSMENT:
1. Which of the following would most
likely use figures of speech to
describe them?
a. scientific facts
b. emotions or feelings
c. estimates and percentages
d. factual names of people and places

ASSESSMENT:
2. In which of the following
manuscripts/documents would
you likely find figures of speech?
a. city ordinances
b. two-part novels
c. hospital protocols
d. laboratory manuals

ASSESSMENT:
3. Both similes and metaphors
aim for?
a. contrast
b. continuation
c. comparison
d. compatibility

ASSESSMENT:
4. Both antithesis and
oxymoron aim for?
a. contrast
b. comparison
c. continuation
d. compatibility

ASSESSMENT:
5. What does a hyperbole use
as emphasis?
a. enumeration
b. exaggeration
c. overstatement
d. understatement

ASSESSMENT:IDENTIFY THE FIGURES
OF SPEECH USED IN EACH SENTENCE.
6. “He is a monster in the
tennis court.”
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. hyperbole
d. personification

7. “A champion swimmer, Roger
glided like a fish in the pool.”
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. hyperbole
d. personification

8. “He was quite arrogant even
when he needed help. A rich
beggar, indeed.”
a. apostrophe
b. oxymoron
c. hyperbole
d. synecdoche

9. “Democracy died today.”
a. apostrophe
b. synecdoche
c. hyperbole
d. personification

10. “City Hall gave a stern warning
against people who go out without
face masks.”
a. apostrophe
b. synecdoche
c. hyperbole
d. personification

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