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Robert Frost
Robert Frost was born in San Francisco in
1874. his father William Prescott Frost Jr.,
died of tuberculosis. Robert frost was an
American poet and winner of four Pulitzer
prizes. Famous work include “Fire and
Ice”, “Mending Wall”, “Birches”, “Out
Out” , Nothing Gold Can Stay and Home
Burial. His 1916 poem, “The Road Not
Taken” is often read at graduation
ceremonies across the United States. He
died on January 29, 1963.

Fire and Ice is one of
Robert Frost’s most
popular poems. It is
published in December
1920. it discusses the end
of the world, likening the
elemental force of fire with
the emotion of desire, and
ice with hate. It is one of
Frost’s best-known and
most anthologized poems.

Style and structure
It is written in a single nine-line stanza,
which greatly narrows in the last two
lines. The poem’s meter is an irregular
mix of iambic tetrameter and dimeter,
and the rhyme scheme which is ABA
ABC BCB

Iambic tetrameter- is a
metrical foot used in
various type of poetry. It is
a short syllable followed
by a long syllable.
Diameter- is a metrical
line of verse with two feet.

Desire- a strong feeling
of wanting to have
something/ wishing for
something to happen

The poet says that
there are two
theories held by the
people about how
the world will be
destroyed.

• Poet says that the Earth’s core will heat up to an
extremely high temperature and reach the surface
of the planet and then everything will be
destroyed.

The surface of
the planet will
be destroyed
beyond repair.

The second theory
says just the
opposite. Instead
of destruction by
heat the world will
be destroyed by
ice.

In this theory the
world will freeze till
the all species
inhabiting the earth
become extinct.

The poet aware of both of
these theories and compare
against each other.

The poet tries to
outline the merits
of the first
theory.

He compares the fire with human passion
and desire. He is quite familiar with
concept of desire.

Poet also knows
about the capability
of desire which can be
produced in human
beings.

The poet frankly confessed that he agrees with those
people who believe that the world will be burnt to
ash.

In these lines the poet
starts thing about the
theory about the
destruction of earth by
ice.

Poet is sure that ice
and the freezing
temperature will be
enough to destroy the
earth.

He compares ice as nearly
and effectively as fire.

The poet compares ice with hatred

The hatred is also an emotion, he
knows what kind of danger can
arise from hatred.

He comes to the conclusion
that both an ice age and the
coldness in man’s heart can
cause apocalypse.

Assonance
It is repetition of vowel sounds in
same line. The repetition is at
different places in different words.
Example:
The long sound of “o” in “I hold
with those who favour fire”

Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of a
consonant sound at the start of
two or more closely placed
words.
Example:
The sound of “f” in “favour fire”,
“w” in “world will”

Imagery
Imagery is used to make readers perceive
things involving their five senses
Example:
“Some say the world will end in fire”
“To say that for destruction ice is also great”

Anaphora
The repetition of a word or expression at
the start of two or more consecutive lines.
Example:
“some say” is repeated at the start of
lines 1 and 2.

Personification
Personification is to give human qualities to
inanimate objects. In this poem “fire” and “ice”
are capable of destruction. Thus, the poet
personifies fire and ice by giving them mind
and power to destroy anything.

Enjambment
It is defined as the thought or
clause that does not come to an
end at a line break, rather it moves
over to the next line.
Example:
“From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire”

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Fire and ice

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Fire and ice