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Forms and Components of Culture
- 1. Forms and Components of Culture CATHERINE C. GABIA
- 2. Forms of Culture American Sociologist, William F. Ogburn made a useful distinction between: 1. Material Culture - refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives like: Jewelry Art Clothing Hairstyles
- 3. Forms of Culture 2. Non-material culture - consists of abstract or intangible human creations of society that influences peoples behavior Language Beliefs Values Norms Folkways Mores Laws Sanctions symbolic culture because the vital components are the symbols that people use to communicate symbol is the basis of culture
- 4. Symbolic Components of Culture 1. Language- a system of symbols that can be put together for the purpose of communicating abstract thought Importance of Language: the storehouse of culture the primary way in which people communicate with one another allows experience to be passed on to the next generation allows shared perspective or understanding provides a social or shared past: without it, each of us would have our own memories, but not those of others Speech Written characters Numerals Symbols Gestures of non-verbal communication
- 5. Language Trivia 7, 111 languages in the world "Euouae," a medieval music term, is the longest word in English that contains only vowels. Its also the word with the most consecutive vowels. "Unprosperousness", meaning not wealthy or profitable, is the longest word in English in which each letter is used at least two times. The words "facetiously," "abstemiously," and "arseniously," each contain all six vowels (including y) in alphabetical order. The word "duoliteral" contains all five vowels (not including y) in reverse alphabetical order. At 45 letters, "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis," which refers to a lung disease, is often considered the longest word in English.
- 6. Language Trivia "Feedback" is the shortest word in English that has the letters a, b, c, d, e, and f. "Floccinaucinihilipilification," is the longest word in English that does not contain letter e "Bookkeeper" is the only English word that has three consecutive double letters. The word therein contains only seven letters, but it contains 10 words that can be formed using consecutive letters: the, there, I, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, herein. The sentence The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog is a pangram, which is a sentence that uses every letter of the alphabet. "United Arab Emirates," a small country in the Middle East, is made up of alternating vowels and consonants. It is the longest name of a country whose letters do that.
- 7. Symbolic Components of Culture 2. Gestures involve using one s body to communicate with others and are useful shorthand ways to give messages without using words gestures differ around the world and can lead to misunderstanding or embarrassment
- 9. 3. Values - shared standards of what are right, desirable and worthy of respect Values are standards by which people define good and bad. To learn a culture is to learn peoples values Symbolic Components of Culture
- 10. Symbolic Components of Culture 4. Norms - established standards of behavior maintained by a society Every group develops both values and expectation concerning the right way to reflect them and those expectation of rules of behavior that develop out of groups values are called NORMS. Classification of Norms: A. Mores - are strong norms that are regarded as morally significant and violations of them are considered a serious matter norms are considered highly necessary to the welfare of the society because they embody the most cherished principles of the people
- 11. B. Folkways are norms governing everyday behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern and these are not strictly enforced Example of Norms and Mores A man walks down the street wearing nothing on the upper half of his body is violating a folkway; a man walks down the street wearing nothing on the lower half of his body is a violation of one of our most important mores, the requirement that people cover their genitals and buttocks in public. C. Taboo - is a very strong negative norm; it is a prohibition of certain behavior that is so strict that violating it results in extreme disgust and even expulsion from the group or society. Often times the violator of the taboo is considered unfit to live in that society. For instance, in some Muslim cultures, eating pork is taboo because the pig is considered unclean. At the more extreme end, incest and cannibalism are both considered taboos in most places. Symbolic Components of Culture
- 12. 5. Law rule that has been formally enacted by a political authority a norm that is formally inscribed at the state or federal level and is enforced by police or other government agents. Laws exist to discourage behavior that would typically result in injury or harm to another person, including violations of property rights. Those who enforce laws have been given legal right by a government to control behavior for the good of society at large. When someone violates a law, a state authority will impose a sanction, which can be as light as a payable fine or as severe as imprisonment Many laws are based from our mores. Symbolic Components of Culture
- 13. 6. Sanctions an official permission or approval for an action all norms whether they are codified in law or not, are supported by sanctions which refer to rewards for appropriate behavior or inappropriate behavior (Kendall, 2003) Sanctions may either be positive or negative. POSITIVE sanctions are expressions for approval given for following a norm. (money, rewards, prizes or trophy, hugs, smile, handshakes or path a the back) NEGATIVE sanctions are expressions for disapproval for breaking a norm. (frowns, stares, harsh words or raised fist) Symbolic Components of Culture
- 14. Culture is both a bridge to our past and a guide to our future -Soyinka,1991