Teaching aids for students or teachers regarding chemistry for Form 4 students. Naphthalene is the common example use by teachers to describe the changes in states of matter. Included in the slides are the precautions steps in the heating and cooling experiments.
This document contains two tables listing common cations and anions. The cation table lists various positively charged ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and copper along with their charge. The anion table similarly lists negatively charged ions such as chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate along with their charge.
1. Asid karboksilik mempunyai formula am CnH2n+1COOH dan merupakan asid organik yang mengandungi kumpulan berfungsi karboksilik, -COOH.
2. Asid karboksilik menjalani tindak balas kimia yang sama dengan asid etanoik seperti membentuk garam, ester, dan gas karbon dioksida melalui tindak balas dengan bes, logam, alkohol dan karbonat logam.
3. Asid karboksilik digun
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai sifat kenyal bahan, hukum Hooke, pemalar spring, kerja spring, tenaga keupayaan kenyal spring, dan beberapa contoh perhitungan yang berkaitan dengan topik-topik tersebut.
Modul ini membahas konsep-konsep gerakan linear termasuk jarak, sesaran, laju, halaju, pecutan dan nyahpecutan serta persamaan dan graf yang berkaitan."
1. The document discusses electrolysis and differentiates between conductors, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes based on their ability to conduct electricity and undergo chemical changes.
2. It describes the components of an electrolytic cell including the electrodes (anode and cathode) and explains that electrolysis is the process of decomposing an electrolyte into its constituent elements using an electric current.
3. The summary explains that during electrolysis, electric energy is converted to chemical energy as ions in the electrolyte migrate to the electrodes. At the anode, anions are discharged and at the cathode, cations are discharged.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai sifat kenyal bahan, hukum Hooke, pemalar spring, kerja spring, tenaga keupayaan kenyal spring, dan beberapa contoh perhitungan yang berkaitan dengan topik-topik tersebut.
Modul ini membahas konsep-konsep gerakan linear termasuk jarak, sesaran, laju, halaju, pecutan dan nyahpecutan serta persamaan dan graf yang berkaitan."
1. The document discusses electrolysis and differentiates between conductors, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes based on their ability to conduct electricity and undergo chemical changes.
2. It describes the components of an electrolytic cell including the electrodes (anode and cathode) and explains that electrolysis is the process of decomposing an electrolyte into its constituent elements using an electric current.
3. The summary explains that during electrolysis, electric energy is converted to chemical energy as ions in the electrolyte migrate to the electrodes. At the anode, anions are discharged and at the cathode, cations are discharged.
1. BAB 1 : PENGENALAN KEPADA FIZIK
Kuantiti Asas Kuantiti Terbitan
Panjang m Isipadu m3
Jisim kg Ketumpatan kgm-3
Masa s Halaju ms-1
Arus
Elektrik
A Pecutan ms-2
Suhu K Daya kgms-2
Tenaga kgm2
s-2
Kerja kgm2
s-2
Momentum kgms-1
BAB 2 : DAYA DAN GERAKAN
Formula Asas : Gerakan Linear
 a = (v-u)/t
 s = ut + (1/2)at2
 v2
= u2
+ 2as
Keabadian momentum :
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Daya, F = ma (N)
Impuls, Ft = mv – mu
Daya impuls, F = (mv – mu)/ t
Berat, W = mg
Kerja , W = F x s
Tenaga keupayaan gravity,Ep = mgh
Tenaga kinetic, Ek= (1/2)mv2
Kuasa, P = W/t (Watt)
Hukum Hook (spring)
F = kx
Tenaga keupayaan kenyal,
Ep = (1/2)kx2
= (1/2)Fx
BAB 3: DAYA DAN TEKANAN
Tekanan, P = F/A
Tekanan dalam cecair, P = hpg
 h = ketinggian turus cecair
 p = ketumpatan bendalir
 g = pecutan graviti ( 10ms-2
)
Tekanan atmosfera,
Patm = 1 Atm = 76cmhg
= 101.3 kNm-2
= 101.3 kPa
Semakin bertambah altitud (ketinggian)
,semakin berkurang tekan atmosfera Patm
Prinsip Pascal
Apabila tekanan dikenakan kepada bendalir yang
tertutup , tekanan akan dihantar sama sepanjang
laluan cecair tersebut
F1 = F2
A1 A2
atau A1d1 = A2d2
Prinsip Archimedes
Apabila sesuatu objek tenggelam sebahagian atau
sepenuhnya di dalam bendalir (air) , berat
cecair yang disesarkan adalah sama dengan daya
julangan objek tersebut.
2. Formula untuk buoyant force
F=pVg
 p: ketumpatan cecair
 V: isipadu objek = isipadu cecair yang
disesarkan
 g: graviti (10ms-2
)
Prinsip Bernoulli
Semakin tinggi halaju, semakin rendah tekanan .
BAB 4 : HABA
Beza di Antara Tenaga haba dan Suhu
Keseimbangan Terma
1. Dua objek dikatakan berada dalam sentuhan
terma jika tenaga haba boleh berpindah di
antara kedua-dua objek itu.
2. Apabila dua objek berada dalam
keseimbangan terma, kadar bersih
pemindahan tenaga antara dua objek itu
adalah sifar.
3. Dua objek yang berada dalam keseimbangan
terma mempunyai suhu yang sama
Muatan haba tentu, c
Q = mcθ ,
Q – jumlah tenaga haba
c – muatan haba tentu
θ – perubahan suhu
Haba pendam tentu pelakuran, lf
Q = mlf
Haba pendam tentu pengewapan, lv
Q = mlv
Hukum Gas
Hukum Boyle
P1V1 = P2V2 P – Tekanan, V - isipadu
Hukum Charles
V1 = V2 T – suhu mutlak gas
T1 T2 V – isipadu gas
Tenaga Haba Suhu
Satu bentuk tenaga Darjah kepanasan objek
Unit: Joule (J) Unit: Kelvin (K)/ Darjah Celsius
(°C)
Jumlah tenaga kinetik dan
tenaga keupayaan zarah-zarah.
Purata tenaga kinetik zarah-
zarah.
Kuantiti Terbitan Kuantiti asas
3. Hukum Tekanan
P1 = P2 P - tekanan
T1 T2 T – suhu mutlak
BAB 5 : CAHAYA
Pantulan cahaya
Imej dalam cermin satah
Hukum snell
n = sin i
sin r
n = indeks biasan, i – sudut tuju, r – sudut biasan
Indeks biasan = laju cahaya dalam vakum
laju cahaya dalam satu medium
atau n = c
v
Dalam Nyata dan Dalam Ketara
Indeks biasan = dalam nyata
dalam ketara
atau
n = D
d
Pantulan dalam penuh dan sudut genting
n = 1
sin c c – sudut genting
Persamaan kanta
1 + 1 = 1
u v f
u – jarak objek, v – jarak imej, f – panjang focus
Pembesaran, m
m = saiz imej, v
saiz objek, u