Free response cells
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The document summarizes key cellular structures and their functions. It describes how lysosomes digest and recycle cellular waste, and how the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins. It notes differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, such as DNA location and cell wall composition. The document also briefly explains the Endosymbiotic Theory that mitochondria and plastids originated from engulfed prokaryotes.
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The document discusses the key components and organelles of the cell. It begins by defining the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It then describes some of the major discoveries in cell biology, including Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665. The main components of the cell are then outlined, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and their functions. The key differences between plant and animal cells are also summarized.3. eukaryotes, their structure & em
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Eukaryotic cells have a more complex internal structure than prokaryotic cells due to their compartmentalization into organelles. This compartmentalization provides several advantages, including concentrating enzymes and substrates, separating incompatible reactions, and maintaining optimal conditions within each organelle. Our knowledge of eukaryotic cell structure, including identification of organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and others, has increased due to the development of electron microscopes, which have much higher resolution than light microscopes and allow visualization of intracellular structures.Fundamental unit of life cell
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This document summarizes the key components and functions of cells. It describes that cells are the fundamental unit of life and consists of organelles like the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and centrioles (in animal cells). It provides details on the structures and roles of these various organelle in supporting cellular processes.Elearning materialashinaashrafplant cell
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Plant cells have several key structures that distinguish them from animal cells. They are surrounded by a cell wall composed of cellulose and other materials that provides structural support and protection. Inside the cell wall is a cell membrane. Plant cells contain organelles such as a nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and a central vacuole. Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll. Specialized plant cells include parenchyma cells involved in photosynthesis and food production, sclerenchyma and collenchyma cells that provide support, and xylem and phloem cells responsible for transporting water and nutrients. The main functions of plant cells are photosynthesis, transport throughout the plant, and storagePi3P
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The document discusses the localization and importance of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria in humans. It notes that PI3P localizes to the parasite's apicoplast and food vacuole, and that inhibiting PI3P biosynthesis blocks hemoglobin digestion, a key process for the parasite. Deleting the PI3P-binding domain of a protein called FCP in P. falciparum also impairs hemoglobin digestion and parasite growth. The identification of PI3P as the molecular target of the potent antimalarial drug artemisinin highlights the importance of further studying PI3P-regulated functions in P.Fundamental unit of life- Cell, Cell organelles and their role
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Presentation on Fundanetal Unit of Life - CellFunctions of cell organells nursery
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The document provides information on the structure and functions of various cell organelles. It discusses the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Within the cytoplasm, it describes the organelles with limiting membranes like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, centrosomes, mitochondria and those without limiting membranes like ribosomes and cytoskeleton. Each organelle is described in terms of its structure, composition, location within the cell and specific functions. The document serves as a comprehensive guide to the essential components within the cell and their roles in maintaining cellular activities.System of a cell
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The document describes the key organelles and structures found within plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cytoplasm. Each structure has a specific function, such as the cell membrane controlling movement in and out of the cell, chloroplasts producing food for plant cells, and the nucleus controlling cell processes.Presentation fundamental unit_of_life_class10 _biology
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The document discusses the fundamental unit of life, the cell. It states that cells are the basic structural and functional units that make up all living organisms. Cells can exist as single-celled unicellular organisms or many-celled multicellular organisms. All cells contain basic structures like a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Organelles like the cell wall, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum allow cells to carry out specialized functions and processes.Eukaryotic cell 
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Eukaryotic cells are large and complex cells that contain membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Key organelles include the nucleus, which houses the cell's DNA; mitochondria, which generate energy; chloroplasts in plant cells, which perform photosynthesis; the endoplasmic reticulum, which modifies proteins; and the Golgi apparatus, which packages proteins for transport within the cell. Eukaryotic cells vary significantly in size and structure depending on their domain - animal, plant, fungus, or protist - but all have these essential membrane-bound organelles that allow compartmentalization of functions.PLANT CELL.pptx
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Plant cells contain organelles that animal cells do not, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuoles. The cell wall lies outside the cell membrane and provides structure and protection to the cell. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are where photosynthesis occurs, converting sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose. The central vacuole stores water, nutrients, and wastes and helps maintain the plant cell's structure. Other organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and ribosomes perform similar functions in plant and animal cells.Organelles
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The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes the organelles found within plant and animal cells, including the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, cell membrane, vacuoles, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts in plant cells. It notes that animal cells contain centrioles while plant cells do not, and that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts which animal cells lack.Cells
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The document summarizes the structure and function of eukaryotic cell organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, centrosome, chloroplasts, and cell wall. It also describes differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and types of epithelial and plant tissues.Cell
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The document summarizes key aspects of cellular organization and structure. It describes that cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems. It then discusses the structures and functions of key cellular components in plant and animal cells, including the plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, and vacuoles. Finally, it compares the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting things like size, presence of membrane-bound organelles, and cell division mechanisms.Cells
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The document summarizes key organelles and structures found within plant and animal cells. It describes the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, centrosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuoles, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It also discusses epithelial tissues, mesophyll tissue, and parenchyma cells.Cell structure and functions
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The document summarizes the structure and functions of cells. It discusses that cells are the basic unit of life and are made up of organelles that each have a specific function. The three main parts of the cell are the nucleus, which contains genetic material and directs cell activities; the cytoplasm, where organelles are located; and the cell membrane, which regulates what enters and exits the cell. It then describes several important organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, ribosomes for protein synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum for lipid and protein synthesis, Golgi complex for packaging proteins, lysosomes for digestion, mitochondria for energy production, chloroplasts for photosynthesis in plants, and the cell wall for plant cell structure.Free response cells
- 1. Stephanie Okpara October 8, 2009 AP Biology- Pd. 1 Free Response The function of the lysosome is to digest cellular materials that have exceeded their lifetime or are no longer useful to the cell. Lysosomes break down cellular waste products, fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and other macromolecules into simple compound, which later get transferred back into the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials. Basically, lysosomes digest and recycle. Lysosomes are spherical organelles contained by a single layer membrane, which protects the rest of the cell from the harsh digestive enzymes contained in the lysosomes. The Golgi apparatus is composed of membrane- bound stacks know as cisternae, which have five functional regions. The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. In a prokaryote, DNA floats around the cell freely, while the eukaryotes DNA is held inside its nucleus. This DNA is much more complex and thus more extensive that the prokaryotes DNA. The cell wall of a prokaryote is composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino acid and sugar. This cell wall provides shape and form for a bacterium and acts like a physical barrier between the bacterium and its environment. Many eukaryotes have cell walls, which are not made of peptidoglycan, but of a thick polysaccharide. This cell wall provides protection and support. According to the Endosymbiotic Theory, the origins of mitochondria and plastids began as separate prokaryotic organisms that were taken inside the cell as endosymbionts, any organism that lives in the body or cells of another organism. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have circular DNA, which means genetic similarities to bacteria. They both have their own ribosomes, which synthesis protein.