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Sasi Kumar
Sasi Kumar

The document discusses the origins of free and open source software. It describes how in the 1970s, all software was effectively free as users shared programs they had written. It then outlines how Richard Stallman's inability to access source code for a printer driver at MIT led him to launch the GNU project in 1983 and Free Software Foundation in 1985. The goal was to develop software that provided users with four essential freedoms: to use, copy, modify and redistribute the software.

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Fre Software and Education Dr. V. Sasi Kumar FSF India College of Engineering , Thiruvananthapuram, November 26, 2012
Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 2 / 26
h|nXyw Xt A賊Xw H巽 5u_n[w h|nXyw Xt A賊Xw h|nXyw Xt PpeoXw ]ncXyw anoI続%m 賊Xoub揃n続 探bnIw ....... !ancnfn属 Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 3 / 26
Story of the Computer Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 4 / 26
Story of the Computer ENIAC, the 鍖rst electronic computer 1946 Large machine, small capabilities, very expensive Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 5 / 26
Story of the Computer ENIAC, the 鍖rst electronic computer 1946 Large machine, small capabilities, very expensive Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 5 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
Story of the Computer Modern Desktop Computer small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26
Story of the Computer Modern Desktop Computer small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26
Story of the Computer Modern Desktop Computer small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26
Origin of Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 9 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 14 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 15 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Creative Commons freedom in creative works Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 17 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Free Art (Art Libre) freedom in art Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 18 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Open Access movement Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 19 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Oekonux towards a GPL society Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 20 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas Peer to Peer Foundation Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 21 / 26
Freedom in Other Areas WikiOcean an open business model Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 22 / 26
Inub enN auh Cob en e捉ynZn en 5#uXy h|探nenXm Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]ctt棚 ncnbWubXo ha賊bnao Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, my intelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to Lord Narayana. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26
Inub enN auh Cob en e捉ynZn en 5#uXy h|探nenXm Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]ctt棚 ncnbWubXo ha賊bnao Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, my intelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to Lord Narayana. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26
Inub enN auh Cob en e捉ynZn en 5#uXy h|探nenXm Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]ctt棚 ncnbWubXo ha賊bnao Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, my intelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to Lord Narayana. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26
The Chief Seattle speech How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them? Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 24 / 26
The Chief Seattle speech How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them? Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 24 / 26
Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 25 / 26
Licence (This presentation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike (by sa) 2.5 India licence. If this note also is included, this may be used in its original or modi鍖ed form without special permission. More information about the licence may be obtained from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/in/ ) Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 26 / 26

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Fs presentation-eng

  • 1. Fre Software and Education Dr. V. Sasi Kumar FSF India College of Engineering , Thiruvananthapuram, November 26, 2012
  • 2. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 2 / 26
  • 3. h|nXyw Xt A賊Xw H巽 5u_n[w h|nXyw Xt A賊Xw h|nXyw Xt PpeoXw ]ncXyw anoI続%m 賊Xoub揃n続 探bnIw ....... !ancnfn属 Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 3 / 26
  • 4. Story of the Computer Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 4 / 26
  • 5. Story of the Computer ENIAC, the 鍖rst electronic computer 1946 Large machine, small capabilities, very expensive Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 5 / 26
  • 6. Story of the Computer ENIAC, the 鍖rst electronic computer 1946 Large machine, small capabilities, very expensive Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 5 / 26
  • 7. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 8. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 9. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 10. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 11. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 12. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 13. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 14. Story of the Computer Features of Eniac thousands of valves large power requirement forced cooling own air-conditioned building workers to look after it small memory, very slow programs written by users Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 6 / 26
  • 15. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 16. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 17. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 18. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 19. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 20. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 21. Story of the Computer Technology changed, computer changed transistors replaced valves 1950s integrated circuits consisting of several transistors 1960s large scale integration and microprocessor 1970s computer became smaller and more powerful Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 7 / 26
  • 22. Story of the Computer Modern Desktop Computer small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26
  • 23. Story of the Computer Modern Desktop Computer small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26
  • 24. Story of the Computer Modern Desktop Computer small machine, very powerful, cheap, programs became commodities Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 8 / 26
  • 25. Origin of Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 9 / 26
  • 26. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 27. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 28. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 29. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 30. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 31. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 32. Origin of Free Software In the 1970s, computers were used for doing computations users had to write programs writing a usable program is dif鍖cult, time consuming so programs were shared programs did not have owners All software was Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 10 / 26
  • 33. Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
  • 34. Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
  • 35. Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
  • 36. Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
  • 37. Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
  • 38. Origin of Free Software Richard Stallman hacks printer driver at MIT Lab gets new printer Stallman does not get driver source code Stallman decides to create software that gives freedom to users Starts the GNU1 project in 1983 September Starts the Free Software Foundation in 1985 1 GNUs Not Unix Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 11 / 26
  • 39. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 40. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 41. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 42. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 43. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 44. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 45. Origin of Free Software Prepares the licence for Free Software The GNU GPL Four freedoms for users of Free Software 1 freedom to use on any number of computers for any purpose 2 freedom to copy and share 3 freedom to study and modify 4 freedom to redistribute Any software that gives these four freedoms is called Free Software Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 12 / 26
  • 46. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 47. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 48. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 49. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 50. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 51. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 52. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 53. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 54. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 55. Origin of Free Software Linux kernel gets ready in 1991 GNU/Linux formed out of the Linux kernel and GNU software 1993 Slackware is the 鍖rst distribution Several distributions today 1993 Slackware 1994 Red Hat 1998 Mandriva 2000 Ututo -the 鍖rst totallyfree distribution 2004 Ubuntu 2006 Gnewsense - totallyfree distribution Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 13 / 26
  • 56. Freedom in Other Areas Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 14 / 26
  • 57. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 15 / 26
  • 58. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 59. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 60. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 61. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 62. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 63. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 64. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 65. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 66. Freedom in Other Areas Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia More than 3.5 million articles in English Articles in more than 250 languages More than ten thousand articles in Malayalam Several other projects Wiktionary a free dictionary Wikimedia Commons free media 鍖les Wiki Books Wikiversity Demonstrated how people contribute freely to social causes with no expectations Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 16 / 26
  • 67. Freedom in Other Areas Creative Commons freedom in creative works Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 17 / 26
  • 68. Freedom in Other Areas Free Art (Art Libre) freedom in art Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 18 / 26
  • 69. Freedom in Other Areas Open Access movement Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 19 / 26
  • 70. Freedom in Other Areas Oekonux towards a GPL society Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 20 / 26
  • 71. Freedom in Other Areas Peer to Peer Foundation Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 21 / 26
  • 72. Freedom in Other Areas WikiOcean an open business model Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 22 / 26
  • 73. Inub enN auh Cob en e捉ynZn en 5#uXy h|探nenXm Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]ctt棚 ncnbWubXo ha賊bnao Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, my intelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to Lord Narayana. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26
  • 74. Inub enN auh Cob en e捉ynZn en 5#uXy h|探nenXm Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]ctt棚 ncnbWubXo ha賊bnao Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, my intelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to Lord Narayana. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26
  • 75. Inub enN auh Cob en e捉ynZn en 5#uXy h|探nenXm Iucnao bZyXm hIdw ]ctt棚 ncnbWubXo ha賊bnao Everything I do with my body, my mind, my senses, my intelligence, my nature and my character, I submit to Lord Narayana. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 23 / 26
  • 76. The Chief Seattle speech How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them? Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 24 / 26
  • 77. The Chief Seattle speech How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them? Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 24 / 26
  • 78. Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 25 / 26
  • 79. Licence (This presentation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike (by sa) 2.5 India licence. If this note also is included, this may be used in its original or modi鍖ed form without special permission. More information about the licence may be obtained from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/in/ ) Dr. V. Sasi Kumar (FSF India) Fre Software and Education CET 2012 26 / 26