Руководство для водителя ратрака
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The operator uses a grooming machine like the Pipe Magician to push snow against a reference line to form the walls of the halfpipe, levels a ramp for access, shapes the lip with a chainsaw or spade at the proper angle for take-off, and finishes by compacting the snow overnight to prepare for use.
Руководство для водителя ратрака
- 1. Fun Park EN
- 2. Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG Kässbohrerstraße 11 D-88471 Laupheim Printed in Germany Copyright ® Not to be reprinted, translated or duplicated either wholly or in part without written permission. Technical details might not necessarily be exactly as described or illus- trated in this operating manual. 2 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 3. YOUR OPINION IS Quality of translation: Correctly translated IMPORTANT TO US. Mistakes in translation To ensure that your operating manual is perfect. Comments: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ Sender: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphics and photos: ...................... Provide good explanations Tel: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More explanatory diagrams required Fax: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comments: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To: ........................ Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG Kässbohrerstrasse 11 I would like a CD-ROM! D-88471 Laupheim Attn.: Mr. Peter Görlich Fax No.: +49(0)7392/900-122 E-mail: peter.goerlich@pistenbully.com Halfpipe 032003.en 3
- 4. CONTENTS H ALFPIPE F UN PARK ADVANTAGES OF A HALFPIPE / FUN PARK 5 THE P ARKBULLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 SITING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 – Siting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – Jumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 – The Pipe Magician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – Bank turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 – Technical data of – Hip jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 standard halfpipe and superpipe . . . . . 10 – Loaf jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 – How to build it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – Multi-jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 – Glacier terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 – Rail slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – Quarter pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 – Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 – Table-top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 – Roller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 – Step-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 5. ADVANTAGES OF A HALFPIPE / FUN PARK This guide tells you how to go about building a half- Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG has worked to- pipe / fun park. gether with international associations to develop the Pipe Magician, a machine that is ideal for build- ing halfpipes to the latest, most exacting standards. Ever since snowboarding was invented, the ongo- ing search for new thrills and excitement has been a characteristic of this new group of sports enthusi- asts. A well-groomed halfpipe / fun park will keep snow- boarders coming back to your skiing resort season after season. Insiders soon get to know where the best features are to be found. Advantages of a halfpipe / fun park G Attracts new clientele G Events such as snowboard camps G International competitions Halfpipe 032003.en 5
- 6. FOR YOUR NOTES Halfpipe 032003.en
- 8. SITING H A ski resort will always boost its image by siting Choosing the orientation for the halfpipe: the halfpipe close to a restaurant or a sun deck. H The halfpipe should be easily accessible for snowboarders and for spectators. North side H The snowboarder should have the opportunity of experiencing ADVENTURE to the full. G This is where the snow stays longest G Less upkeep Disadvantage: G Poor light for photographers G Low temperatures N OTE Do not expect spectators to make their way to a South side halfpipe that is awkwardly situated somewhere off G Southwards is best the beaten track. Disadvantage: G Snow tends to melt all the faster G More upkeep necessary East or west G There will always be more sunlight on one side than the other. 8 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 9. THE PIPE MAGICIAN The best grooming dragon for the per- fect pipe: the Pipe Magician G Lightweight design G User-friendly G Swivels to both sides G Folds for transport G Lateral pivot G Variable working speed G Highly versatile G Good operator visibility Halfpipe 032003.en 9
- 10. TECHNICAL DATA, HALFPIPE Technical data STANDARD HALFPIPE Width Height Transition Flat Vertical Length Slope angle 1 2 3 14 - 16 3-4 Radius 4 - 6 Max. 5 0.3 100 - 120 160 - 200 meters meters meters meters meter meters degrees SUPERPIPE Width Height Transition Flat Vertical Length Slope angle 1 2 3 17 - 20 4.5 - 6 Radius 5.5 - 8 Max. 0.5 0.5 120 - 140 160 - 200 meters meters meters meter meter meter degrees 10 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 11. TECHNICAL DATA, HALFPIPE 3 STANDARD PIPE 1 2 1 SUPER PIPE Halfpipe 032003.en 11
- 12. PREPARATION The step-by-step procedure H Use spray paint to mark out a reference line. Alternatively: Stretch a rope approximately 120 meters long. H A helper indicates how close the driver has to push the snow to the reference line. H Once the first line of snow has been heaped up, the next step is to build a ramp that the Pisten- Bully can use to climb into position. 12 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 13. PREPARATION NOTE It might be advisable to wait overnight before pro- ceeding to the finishing touches, depending on the conditions of the snow. That will leave the snow enough time to freeze. The snow has time to com- pact. H Now level off the ramp. The height from the ramp to the flat should be between 3.5 m and 4.5 m. H Stake out a second reference line with rods spaced 10 m apart to mark the line of fall. H Use a chainsaw or a spade to shape the lip, which should be 0.1 m to 0.2 m high. Note The lip is the take-off zone, and is crucial for free- style jumps. Halfpipe 032003.en 13
- 14. PREPARATION A B Bear the following in mind when cutting the lip: Lip A is not steep enough. The snowboarder has to reduce speed. He/she is left without a take-off point. Experience shows that the snowboarder continues to travel along the edge of the pipe, accelerating the rate of wear in this zone. Lip B is too steep. The take-off carries the snowboarder to a landing too far inside the halfpipe. CAUTION! Very high risk of injury. 14 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 15. PREPARATION Transition H The Pipe Magician is the groomer for building the transition (radius) for the halfpipe. H Always drive uphill when shaping the transition. This is important so that you can keep the radii constant on both sides. H Begin by shaping the bottom arc of the radius first. H Finish the first transition before you move over to the other side. Halfpipe 032003.en 15
- 16. PREPARATION Avalanche area or show deeper than 6 meters H Mark out a reference line H Cut out the lip H Clear the snow 16 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 17. UPKEEP The Pipe Magician is the ideal grooming dragon for halfpipe upkeep. NOTE Start grooming as soon as the halfpipe closes for the day. That will leave the snow enough time to freeze. H When grooming the transitions, always try to re- duce corrections of the Pipe Magician to a mini- mum. NoteThe halfpipe will be all the more durable if groom the transitions in multiple passes, removing as little snow as possible on each pass. Halfpipe 032003.en 17
- 18. FOR YOUR NOTES Halfpipe 032003.en
- 20. PARK BULLY Working in close co-operation with experienced op- The Park Bully is the first groomer to make fun erators and fun-park specialists, Kässbohrer Gelän- parks easy to build and maintain. defahrzeug AG has developed a Park Bully groomer. The new kinematics of front adapter-plate system and rear carrier open up enormous potential for oper- ation with auxiliary driven machinery. The snow blower can be switched on even when raised. That makes the machine ideal for grooming jumps and take-offs. 20 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 22. PREPARATION Bear the following basic points in mind as you proceed: G In terms of technical difficulty, the fun park should be easy for beginners to use. G Your fun park should appeal to snowboarders Siting and skiers alike. H Begin by drawing a sketch. G The fun park must be safe. All you want to do at this stage is gain a general im- pression of the overall layout. H As you plan the park, try to make full use of the lay of the land to position the jumps and turns. 22 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 24. FOR YOUR NOTES Halfpipe 032003.en
- 26. JUMPS How to build a jump H Decide on the best possible location. H Basic shape Pile up snow to form the basic shape. H main shape Pile up snow for optimum positioning of the take off and the landing. 26 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 27. JUMPS H Shape the angle of approach and the angle of departure. H Check the shape and angle of the take-off and landing. H Apply the finishing touches and smooth out the start area. Halfpipe 032003.en 27
- 28. JUMPS Variations for a jump 1 START 2 JUMP 3 ROLLER 28 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 29. BANK TURN Name: .................. BANK TURN Ideal location Slope angle: ............ No restrictions Terrain: .................... No restrictions Direction: ................ Approached at an angle Bank turns are used to change the direction of the line of travel. Curves can also be used to good effect to deter- mine speed in the fun park. Ride-in shaped Ride-in shaped curves have a simple structure, they are easy to build and the line relative to other elements is easy to establish. Manual work (with a shovel) is necessary to an ex- tent that depends on the frequency with which the curve is used. Halfpipe 032003.en 29
- 30. BANK TURNS Name: .................. BANK TURN Ideal location Slope angle: ........... No restrictions Terrain: .................... No restrictions Direction: ................ Approached at an angle A machine-built bank turn enables the user to turn through a longer radius than is possible in a ride-in turn shaped by snowboards or skis. Users in tightly radiused machine-built bank turns are subjected to higher centrifugal forces. it takes a trained eye and an experienced snow- groomer driver to design and prepare machine-built banked turns, in order to ensure that the line matches that of other elements in the park. 30 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 31. BANK TURNS G When you build a turn, make sure that the ra- G If you build contiguous turns, make sure that dius tails off uniformly toward the exit. there is a flowing transition from the exit of This is to ensure that the speed of snow- the first to the entry of the second. boarders does not change as they leave the curve. - Less risk of injury. G Use rods to stake out the contour of the curve. G The ramp should be at least 6 meters wide to allow for proper grooming of the turn. Halfpipe 032003.en 31
- 32. HIP JUMP Name: .................. HIP JUMP Ideal location Slope angle: ........... Slight Terrain: .................... Bump, edge Direction: ................ Downward, cross, land at an angle. The term "hip" is borrowed from architecture: a hipped roof has two faces sloping inward from the gable ends of the building to a joining ridge. A hip jump has only two sides that are actually used. One is the in-run or take-off, the other is the landing or out-run. Hip jumps can be of very large dimensions and all skiers and snowboarders, irrespective of ability, can use these elements. Users have a vari- ety of jump variants to choose from; the larger the A hip jump built across the run can also be used to hip jump, the smaller the risk of a bad landing. limit the speed of the users travelling through the park. 32 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 33. LOAF JUMP Name: .................. LOAF JUMP Ideal location Slope angle: ............ Slight Terrain: .................... Transitional Direction: ................ Approached at an angle A loaf jump is a combination of table-top and jump. As in a table-top, users jump over the flat table-top and land on the opposite, downhill landing area. The area at the side can also be used as a landing zone, depending on the shape of the jump. This fun-park element is ideal for a run that slopes off to one side. Halfpipe 032003.en 33
- 34. MULTI-JUMP Name: .................. MULTI-JUMP Ideal location Slope angle: ........... Slight Terrain: .................... Transitional Direction: ................ Downward The multi-jump is a good choice whenever space is at a premium, because the usable zones are uti- lized to the full. However, it is important to ensure that a multi-jump is used by only one person at a time. The in-runs or take-offs are built with different lengths and angles of take-off to suit different abili- ties, but the multi-jump has a common, purpose- built landing or out-run. A multi-jump generally takes up less landing area than two individual jumps, but even so the landing zone should be generously dimensioned. 34 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 35. RAIL SLIDE Name: .................. RAIL SLIDE Ideal location Slope angle: ............ Slight Terrain: .................... No restrictions Direction: ................ Downward Rail slides are a straight lift from skating parks. Rails might be extremely popular or virtually ignored, de- pending on the user group attracted to the park. The materials used for rail slides vary (wood, plastic, steel). The rails have to be checked regularly for cranks and projecting splinters: the frequency of these checks depends on the material, design and usage. Removable rail slides are recommended in areas with heavy precipitation, as otherwise a great deal of manual labor is involved in digging out the rails. Halfpipe 032003.en 35
- 36. QUARTER PIPE Name: .................. QUARTER PIPE Ideal location Slope angle: ........... Shallow Terrain: .................... No restrictions Direction: ................ Downward and across A feature of virtually every skate park. The quarter pipe is always a popular element in the snow park. A quarter pipe uses the same area for approach/ take-off as for landing. The flat or radius of the quarter pipe is known as the transition, or tranny for short. The flat surface is the deck and the edge where deck and transition meet is the lip or coping. 36 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 37. SPINE Name: .................. SPINE Ideal location Slope angle: ............ Shallow Terrain: .................... Edge Direction: ................ Downward The spine is a highly versatile element that can be approached from different sides and at a variety of angles. If the approach is from in front the landing can be to left or right; snowboarders land on the preferred side in accordance with their stance, in other words backside or frontside. Consequently, take-off can be on one side and the landing on the opposite side. ferent angle. By the same token, it is important to Precisely because it is so versatile, it is important to ensure that all the take-off angles for the spine are ensure that the spine is well clear of other ele- in good view and recognizable. ments, so that users have plenty of opportunity to see whether anyone else is approaching from a dif- Halfpipe 032003.en 37
- 38. TABLE-TOP Name: .................. TABLE-TOP Ideal location Slope angle: ........... Shallow Terrain: .................... Transitional Direction: ................ Downward The table-top is a key component in a snow park. It is the standard element that can best be changed and modified in accordance with the quantity of snow available. The angle of the take-off or in-run and the length of the flat deck determine the fly and the reaction of the skier or snowboarder. The land- ing or out-run has to be sized to suit the length of the deck and the take-off angle in order to ensure that users have a "soft" contact with the snow when Conversely, a steep take-off angle necessitates a they land. A shallow take-of angle calls for a shal- correspondingly steep slope in the landing zone. low but long landing slope. A trained eye is necessary for gauging the propor- tions of the table top. 38 Halfpipe 032003.en
- 39. ROLLER Name: .................. ROLLER Ideal location Slope angle: ............ Shallow Terrain: .................... No restrictions Direction: ................ Downward A succession of rolls gives users the sensation of weightlessness, even though they remain in contact with the surface of the snow. Depending on the pitch of the rolls and their shape, it is possible to pick up more speed on a roller than on a shallow, smooth downslope. Risk of accident: Rollers built for beginners and users of average ability should have plenty of space between the Rolls are used in boarder and ski-cross runs where successive rolls, so that users have ample time most overtaking maneuvers are usually attempted and opportunity to check their speed at regular in- in competitions. tervals. Halfpipe 032003.en 39
- 40. STEP-UP Name: .................. STEP-UP Ideal location Slope angle: ........... Shallow Terrain: .................... Transitional Direction: ................ Downward A step-up jump differs from a conventional table- top in that the take-off zone is lower than the top of the table. A step-up jump calls for a precision take-off and plenty of speed to clear the table-top and reach the landing or out-run on the side opposite the take- off or in-run. If the proportions are correct and the take-off zone is well groomed, users cross the jump with no more than minimal clearance. A conventional table-top of similar dimensions is cleared by a significantly higher margin. 40 Halfpipe 032003.en