General introduction to geology
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Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition and structure, the processes that act on it and the history of life it contains. Some of the key topics in geology are the layers within the Earth, different rock types, geological timescales, volcanoes, earthquakes, fossils, mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, deserts and glaciers. Geology examines the formation and distribution of rocks, minerals, fossils and natural resources along with the natural hazards that can impact human civilization.
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Introduction
Stratigraphy is the study of strata (sedimentary layers) in the Earth's crust, it is the relationship between rocks and time.
Stratigrapher are concerned with the observation, description and interpretation of direct and tangible evidence in rocks to determine the history of the Earth.
The combination of sedimentology and stratigraphy allows us to build up pictures of the Earths surface at different times in different places and relate them to each other through the relative ages of rocks
A more modern way of stating the same principle is that the laws of nature (laws of chemistry and physics) that have operated in the same way since the beginning of time.
And thus if we understand the physical and chemical principles by which nature operates, we can assume that nature operated the same way in the past.
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Principle of Uniformitarianism
Principle of Lateral Horizontality
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Principle of Cross-cutting Relations
Principle of Inclusions
Principle of Chilled Margins
Correlation
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The document summarizes key concepts about tectonic plates and continental drift. It describes how tectonic plates consist of rigid continental and oceanic crust that moves due to convection currents in the underlying mantle. It outlines Alfred Wegener's early 20th century proposal of continental drift, which provided evidence that continents were once joined together before drifting apart. It also summarizes the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where they move together, and transform boundaries where they slide past one another.Lecture volcanoes.
Lecture volcanoes.Awais Bakshy
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Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as molten rock, or magma, rises from below the Earth's crust. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes which erupt fluid basalt and form wide gentle slopes, composite volcanoes which contain trapped gases and alternate between explosive and effusive eruptions forming steep slopes, and cinder cone volcanoes which have short eruptions of explosive ash and form small, steep cones. Volcanic eruptions produce hazards like pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash falls, and different types of lava. While eruptions can be locally devastating, volcanoes also create new land and leave nutrient-rich soils after erupting.Earth's interior bs 1st year
Earth's interior bs 1st yearAwais Bakshy
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This document summarizes the internal structure of Earth based on seismic wave studies. It describes the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is thinner under oceans than continents and consists of less dense granite and more dense basalt. There is a sharp boundary between the crust and mantle. The mantle is divided into upper and lower sections. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid. Plate tectonics involves rigid lithospheric plates floating on the mantle that move and interact at boundaries.Earthquakes.
Earthquakes.Awais Bakshy
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An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust along faults. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates in the mantle which can cause earthquakes at plate boundaries. Earthquakes produce seismic waves that are measured with seismographs. The location of the earthquake is found using three seismograph locations. Building damage depends on factors like magnitude, soil type, and building construction quality.Computer science.
Computer science.Awais Bakshy
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This document provides an introduction to computers, including their components, functions, and types. It discusses hardware such as the CPU, memory (both primary and secondary), input/output devices, and storage. It also covers software types including system software, utility software, and application software. Finally, it briefly outlines computer generations and types including desktops, laptops, and embedded systems.Minerals.
Minerals.Awais Bakshy
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The document defines what minerals are and provides details on how to identify them. A mineral must be 1) natural occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid, 4) have a definite crystal structure, and 5) have a definite chemical composition. Key physical properties used to identify minerals include color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, density, transparency, crystal form, and tenacity. Minerals can be identified by observing these various physical characteristics.Geography.
Geography.Awais Bakshy
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in geography. It begins by defining geography and its two main divisions: physical geography, which deals with natural environments, and human geography, which examines human-environment interactions. Physical geography includes the study of landforms (geomorphology), oceans (oceanography), climate (climatology), life (biogeography), and the environment. The document then discusses human geography topics like population, urban areas, agriculture, and culture. It also explains concepts like the rotation and revolution of the Earth, which cause seasons, and types of eclipses like lunar and solar eclipses. In the end, it briefly mentions time zones and how local times differ globally.Chapter no 1 introduction. environmental chemistry
Chapter no 1 introduction. environmental chemistryAwais Bakshy
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The document provides an introduction to environmental chemistry. It discusses the objectives of studying environmental chemistry and defines key terms like environment, environmental chemistry, and the components of the environment. It then covers various types of pollution like water, air, soil, noise, radioactive, and thermal pollution. It also discusses the impacts of modern lifestyle on environmental quality, including increased resource use, pollution, deforestation, and water degradation.Geological time scale extinction. converted
Geological time scale extinction. convertedAwais Bakshy
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Extinction can occur at the population level, called local extinction, or at the species level, called true extinction. True extinction involves the loss of all populations of a species globally. Mass extinctions have occurred throughout history due to various causes like asteroid impacts, volcanic activity, climate change, and more recently, human activity. Currently most extinctions are caused by human interference with habitats and ecosystems. International organizations monitor extinction rates and endangered species to try and control further biodiversity loss.Geological time scale.
Geological time scale.Awais Bakshy
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Geologists have divided Earth's history into intervals of geologic time based on significant events. The largest divisions are eons, which are subdivided into eras, periods, and epochs. The Precambrian eon covers most of Earth's history and saw the emergence of life. The Phanerozoic eon began 540 million years ago and is divided into the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, which are further subdivided and defined by important developments in life and changes in Earth's geology.Recently uploaded (20)
Meeting the needs of modern students?, Selina McCoy
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NAPD Annual Symposium
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This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.RRB ALP CBT 2 RAC Question Paper MCQ (Railway Assistant Loco Pilot)
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RRB ALP CBT 2 RAC Question Paper MCQ PDF Free Download. Railway Assistant Loco Pilot Mechanic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Important Questions.Oral exam Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit?
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Presentation of the CEIPI DU IPBA oral exam of Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit? 
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This slide will represent how to configure Recurring revenue. Recurring revenue are the income generated at a particular interval. Typically, the interval can be monthly, yearly, or we can customize the intervals for a product or service based on its subscription or contract. 
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In this slide, well discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EDUCATION - 5TH SEM.pdf
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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EDUCATION, Introduction, definition, types - macronutrient and micronutrient, food pyramid, meal planning, nutritional assessment of individual, family and community by using appropriate method, nutrition education, nutritional rehabilitation, nutritional deficiency disorder, law/policies regarding nutrition in India, food hygiene, food fortification, food handling and storage, food preservation, food preparation, food purchase, food consumption, food borne diseases, food poisoningDr. Ansari Khurshid Ahmed- Factors affecting Validity of a Test.pptx
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Validity is an important characteristic of a test. A test having low validity is of little use. Validity is the accuracy with which a test measures whatever it is supposed to measure. Validity can be low, moderate or high. There are many factors which affect the validity of a test. If these factors are controlled, then the validity of the test can be maintained to a high level. In the power point presentation, factors affecting validity are discussed with the help of concrete examples.
How to Configure Deliver Content by Email in Odoo 18 Sales
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In this slide, well discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.
Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.pptx
Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.pptxSamruddhi Khonde
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Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, playing a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. Among them, Beta-Lactam antibiotics remain the most widely used class due to their effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This guide provides a detailed overview of their history, classification, chemical structures, mode of action, resistance mechanisms, SAR, and clinical applications.
What Youll Learn in This Presentation
History & Evolution of Antibiotics
Cell Wall Structure of Gram-Positive & Gram-Negative Bacteria
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Classification & Subtypes
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems & Monobactams
Mode of Action (MOA) & Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors & Resistance Mechanisms
Clinical Applications & Challenges.
Why You Should Check This Out?
Essential for pharmacy, medical & life sciences students.
Provides insights into antibiotic resistance & pharmaceutical trends.
Useful for healthcare professionals & researchers in drug discovery.
Swipe through & explore the world of antibiotics today!
Like, Share & Follow for more in-depth pharma insights!Inventory Reporting in Odoo 17 - Odoo 17 Inventory App
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Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports TapingKusal Goonewardena
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Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports Taping: Pathway to Sports Medicine Excellence
This presentation was delivered in Colombo, Sri Lanka, at the Institute of Sports Medicine to an audience of sports physiotherapists, exercise scientists, athletic trainers, and healthcare professionals. Led by Kusal Goonewardena (PhD Candidate - Muscle Fatigue, APA Titled Sports & Exercise Physiotherapist) and Gayath Jayasinghe (Sports Scientist), the session provided comprehensive training on soft tissue assessment, treatment techniques, and essential sports taping methods.
Key topics covered:
Soft Tissue Therapy The science behind muscle, fascia, and joint assessment for optimal treatment outcomes.
Sports Taping Techniques Practical applications for injury prevention and rehabilitation, including ankle, knee, shoulder, thoracic, and cervical spine taping.
Sports Trainer Level 1 Course by Sports Medicine Australia A gateway to professional development, career opportunities, and working in Australia.
This training mirrors the Elite Akademy Sports Medicine standards, ensuring evidence-based approaches to injury management and athlete care.
If you are a sports professional looking to enhance your clinical skills and open doors to global opportunities, this presentation is for you.Chapter 2. Strategic Management: Corporate Governance.pdf
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This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf
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The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spotssystemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AIthat could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. To move forward effectively, we must address these normalized blind spots, which may arise from outdated assumptions, errors, gaps in previous knowledge, and biases in language or regulatory inertia. This is essential to ensure that AI and formulation science are developed as tools for patient-centered and ethical healthcare.General introduction to geology
- 2. Mountains
- 3. Lakes
- 4. Rivers
- 5. Oceans
- 7. Volcanoes
- 8. Earth Quakes
- 9. Composition of earth layers Different rock types within the earth Interior of the Earth
- 10. Geological time scale Age of the earth
- 11. Igneous rocks formed from molten rocks
- 12. Rocks formed by the oceans, Rivers, lakes, deserts, wind and glaciers
- 13. Rocks formed due to high pressure and temperature
- 16. Baluchitherium: The largest land mammal
- 18. Fossils
- 25. What is Geology???? The study of Earth Earths compositionmaterial Various processes that occur within and on the earth Earths history Effect on human life Various subjects such earth quakes, glaciers, deserts, flood, volcanoes, formation of mountains, fossils, rivers, lakes and oceans are studied in Geology