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Go 语言 Excelize 开源基础库介绍
续日
https://github.com/xuri/excelize
Go 夜读第 139 期
Nov. 3, 2022

续日 · Go 夜读 · Go 语言 Excelize 开源基础库介绍 · 2022.11.03
个人介绍
2
续日，软件工程师，阿里巴巴技术专家。
曾就职于百度、360 等公司，前百度 Go 语言编程委员会成员，
从事百度 Go 语言研发体系的建设工作。
开源爱好者，Excelize、aurora、xgen 等开源软件作者
GitHub: @xuri
Blog: https://xuri.me

主要内容
3
Excelize 是 Go 语言编写的用于操作 Office Excel 文档基础库，基于
ECMA-376，ISO/IEC 29500 国际标准。可以使用它来读取、写入由
Microsoft Excel? 2007 及以上版本创建的电子表格文档。支持 XLSX
/ XLSM / XLTM 等多种文档格式，高度兼容带有样式、图片(表)、透
视表、切片器等复杂组件的文档，并提供流式读写 API，用于处理包
含大规模数据的工作簿。可应用于各类报表平台、云计算、边缘计算
等系统。入选 2020 Gopher China - Go 领域明星开源项目 (GSP)、
2018 年开源中国码云最有价值开源项目 (Gitee Most Valuable
Project)
GitHub：
https://github.com/xuri/excelize
1. 开发背景
2. 应用价值
3. 快速上手
4. 技术原理
5. 标准解读
6. 部分模块设计与实现
7. 开源现状
8. 未来规划

The Spreadsheet Unbundling
4
Create by Foundation Marketing
FoundationInc.co

开发背景
5
? 电子表格办公文档有着广泛的应用
? 自动化电子表格文档处理系统与云计算、边缘计算场景融合
? 开发者需要通过编程方式处理 Excel 文档
? 对复杂或包含大规模数据的 Excel 文档进行操作的需求
? 文档格式领域难以完全实现的复杂技术标准
? 开源领域、Go 语言缺少具备良好兼容性的基础库

应用价值
6
以 Excel 为代表的电子表格文档被广泛应用于教育、医疗、金融等各行各业
商业价值
已经被广泛应用于大型互联网公司、中小公司客户和初创公司，已知超过 20 余家海内外大型企
业，覆盖互联网安全、电子商务、广告、本地生活、金融、自媒体、智能制造等行业
学术价值
数据科学研究过程中，大量通过电子表格文档进行数据分析，Excelize 为这项工作提供多重数据
源之间的数据链接和自动化处理
公益价值
已在全民健身公共服务、新冠疫情防控等涉及社会公共利益相关事业中得到了应用

快速上手 (1) 数据读写
7
f := excelize.NewFile()
// 创建一个工作表
index := f.NewSheet("Sheet2")
// 设置单元格的值
f.SetCellValue("Sheet2", "A2", "Hello world.")
f.SetCellValue("Sheet1", "B2", 100)
// 获取工作表中指定单元格的值
cell, err := f.GetCellValue("Sheet1", "B2")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println(cell)
// 设置工作簿的默认工作表
f.SetActiveSheet(index)
// 根据指定路径保存文件
if err := f.SaveAs("Book1.xlsx"); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
创建工作簿、设置单元格的值：
f, err := excelize.OpenFile("Book1.xlsx")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
defer func() { // 关闭工作簿
if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}()
rows, err := f.GetRows("Sheet1")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
for _, row := range rows {
for _, colCell := range row {
fmt.Print(colCell, "t")
}
}
打开工作簿、读取工作表中的单元格：

快速上手 (2) 数据透视分析
8
借助 Excelize 创建数据透视表按月对各区域在售的商品销售额进行
分类汇总，并支持按销售区域、时间和分类进行筛选
f.AddPivotTable(&excelize.PivotTableOption{
DataRange: "Sheet1!$A$1:$E$31",
PivotTableRange: "Sheet1!$G$2:$M$24",
Rows: []excelize.PivotTableField{
{Data: "Month",
DefaultSubtotal: true},
{Data: "Year"}},
Filter: []excelize.PivotTableField{
{Data: "Region"}},
Columns: []excelize.PivotTableField{
{Data: "Type",
DefaultSubtotal: true}},
Data: []excelize.PivotTableField{
{Data: "Sales",
Name: "销售额汇总",
Subtotal: "Sum"}},
RowGrandTotals: true,
ColGrandTotals: true,
ShowDrill: true,
ShowRowHeaders: true,
ShowColHeaders: true,
ShowLastColumn: true,
})

快速上手 (3) 数据可视化
9
f, err := excelize.OpenFile("Book1.xlsx")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
f.AddChart("Sheet1", "E1", `{
"type": "col3DClustered",
"series": [
{
"name": "Sheet1!$A$2",
"categories": "Sheet1!$B$1:$D$1",
"values": "Sheet1!$B$2:$D$2"
},
{
},
{
}],
"title": { "name": "三维簇状柱形图" }
}`)
Excelize 支持二维、三维、面积图、条形、圆锥、棱锥、
柱形、堆积柱形、圆环图、折线图、饼图、雷达图、散点图、
曲面图、气泡图等累计 52 种原生图表与组合图表的创建
0
2
4
6
8
Apple Orange Pear
三维簇状柱形图
Small Normal Large

技术原理
10
? ISO - ISO/IEC 29500-1:2016
? PKWARE ZIP File Format Specifications
? Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)
? W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD)
? Unicode? Standard
? [MS-OFFCRYPTO]: Office Document Cryptography Structure
? [MS-LCID]: Windows Language Code Identifier Reference
? DCMI Metadata Terms

标准解读 (1)
11
SVG
SOAP
ODF
OOXML
C#
C++/CLI
MIME
XSLT
XHTML
DITA
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Technical
Committee
effort
(days)
Specification length (pages)
Specification Speed

标准解读 (2)
12
WordprocessingML SpreadsheetML PresentationML
CustomML
Vocabularies
DrawingML Bibliography
Metadata Equations
VML (legacy)
Relationships Content Types Digital Signatures
Markup Languages
Open Packaging Convention
ZIP XML + Unicode
Core Technologies

标准解读 (4)
B C D E
Q1 Q2
Revenue 412.52
Over 10589
Elements & Attributes
Shared Strings
Calc Chain
XML Maps
Styles
Theme
Sheets
Table
Chart Pivot Table
Pivot Cache
Pivot Records
Workbook
<c r="D3" s="7" t="s">
<v>0</v>
</c>
<xf numFmtId="0" fontId="4" fillId="2" borderId="2" xfId="1" applyBorder="1" />
<font>
<sz val="11"/>
<color theme="0"/>
<name val="Calibri"/>
<scheme val="minor"/>
</font>
<fill>
<patternFill patternType="solid">
<fgColor theme="4"/>
<bgColor theme=”4"/>
</patternFill>
</fill>
<a:theme
xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org
<a:themeElements>
<a:clrScheme name="Office">
<a:dk1>
<a:sysClr val="windowText" />
</a:dk1>
<a:lt1>
<a:sysClr val="window" />
</a:lt1>
<a:dk2>
<a:srgbClr val="1F497D"/>
</a:dk2>
<a:lt2>
<a:srgbClr val="FAF3E8"/>
</a:lt2>
<a:accent1>
<a:srgbClr val="5C93B4"/>
</a:accent1>
<cellStyleXfs count="12">
<xf numFmtId="0" fontId="0" fillId="0" borderId="0"/>
<xf numFmtId="0" fontId="4" fillId="2" borderId="0" applyBorder="1" applyAlignment="1" applyProtection="1"/>
</protection>
</xf>
<cellStyles count="2">
<cellStyle name="Accent1" xfId="1" builtinId="29"/>
Start
(build-in)
<border>
<left style="thick">
<color auto="1"/>
</left>
<right style="thick">
<color auto="1"/>
</right>
<top style="thick">
<color auto="1"/>
</top>
<bottom style="thick">
<color auto="1"/>
</bottom>
<diagonal/>
</border>
13

部分模块设计与实现 (1)
14
Data Validation
Crypto Class
Unit Converter
Table / Auto Filter
Pivot Table
File Process Unit
Data Processor
Conditional Format
Chart / Picture
2D / 3D
Cluster/Stack/Area
Bar/Cone/Pie
Bubble/Scatter/Line
Time System
Combo / Props
Wordbook / Worksheet
Visibility
Properities
Header / Footer
Search
Page Layout
Row / Column
Alternate Content
View Properities
Data Protection
Streaming I/O
Cell
Data Types
Merge Range
Hyperlink
Formula
Cell Style
SST
Rich Text
Comments
Style Index
Calc Chain / Cache
File Format Processor
Style Process Unit
Runtime Model
Model Components Validator Calculate Engine Formula Lexer / Parser Genetaror
VBA Script
Excelize Technical Architecture Diagram
OPC Processor
Meta Processor
Relations Parser
Embeddings Media
Markup Language
Broder Fonts
Freeze Panes
Height/Width Color System
Number Format

部分模块设计与实现 (2) Document Object Model
15
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Person>
<Name>Tom</Name>
<Email where="home">
<Addr>tom@example.com</Addr>
</Email>
</Person>
type Person struct {
Name string
Email struct {
Where string `xml:"where,attr"`
Addr string
}
}
encoding/xml
var p Person
if err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &p); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%+vn", p)
// {Name:Tom Email:{Where:home Addr:tom@example.com}}

部分模块设计与实现 (3) XML Finite State Machine
0
start start tag
NAME
TEXT
equal
end tag
value
value
end value
COMMENT
version
blank/enter
letter
digit
<
?
?>
-->
!--
= " "
' '
>
blank
/
letter
>
blank
16

17
Unmarshal
NewDecoder
Decoder.unmarshal Decoder.switchToReader
unmarshalPath
unmarshalAttr unmarshalInterface
unmarshalTextInterface Decoder.RawToken
Decoder.pushElement Decoder.pushNs
encoding/xml
marshal.go
typeinfo.go
xml.go
read.go
example & test

部分模块设计与实现 (5) Go Language XML Parser
18
type Decoder struct {
Strict bool
AutoClose []string
Entity map[string]string
CharsetReader func(charset string, input io.Reader) (io.Reader, error)
DefaultSpace string
r io.ByteReader
t TokenReader
buf bytes.Buffer
saved *bytes.Buffer
stk *stack
free *stack
needClose bool
toClose Name
nextToken Token
nextByte int
ns map[string]string
err error
line int
offset int64
unmarshalDepth int
}
encoding/xml:xml.go
StartElement
EndElement
CharData
Comment
ProcInst
Directive

Go Datatypes XML Datatypes
string
anyType, ENTITY,ID, IDREF, NCName, NMTOKEN,
Name, anyURI, duration, language, normalizedString,
string, token, xml:lang, xml:space, xml:base,xml:id
[]string ENTITIES, IDREFS, NMTOKENS, NOTATION
xml.Name QName
[]byte base64Binary, hexBinary, unsignedByte
bool boolean
byte byte
float64 decimal, double, float,
int64
int, integer, long, negativeInteger,
nonNegativeInteger, nonPositiveInteger,
positiveInteger, short
uint64 unsignedInt, unsignedLong, unsignedShort
time.Time
date, dateTime, gDay, gMonth, gMonthDay, gYear,
gYearMonth,time
anyType
anySimpleType
all complex types
gYearMonth gYear gMonthDay gDay gMonth
date
time
dateTime
duration
boolean base64Binary hexBinary float double anyURI QName NOTATION
decimal
string
normalizedString integer
token long nonNegativeInteger
nonPostitveInteger
language Name NMTOKEN negativeInteger int unsignedLong positiveInteger
NCName NMTOKENS sort unsignedInt
ID IDREF ENTITY
ENTITIES
IDREFS
bytes unsignedSort
unsignedByte
ur types
build-in primitive types
build-in derived types
complex types
derived by restriction
Derived by list
Derived by extension or
restriction 19

部分模块设计与实现 (7) Entity, Namespace & Ser/Deserialize Idempotence
<!DOCTYPE person[
<!ENTITY name "Tom">
<!ENTITY email "tom@example.com">
]>
<person>
<name>&name;</name>
<address>&email;</address>
</person>
<person
xmlns="http://example.com/default"
xmlns:m="http://example.com/main"
xmlns:h="http://example.com/home"
xmlns:w="http://example.com/work">
<name>Tom</name>
<m:email h:addr="HOME" w:addr="WORK" />
</person>
type Person struct {
XMLName xml.Name `xml:"http://example.com/default person"`
Name string `xml:"name"`
Email struct {
XMLName xml.Name `xml:"http://example.com/main email"`
HomeAddr string `xml:"http://example.com/home addr,attr"`
WorkAddr string `xml:"http://example.com/work addr,attr"`
} // TAG NOT HERE: `xml:"email"`
}
Namespace Local Name
<person xmlns="http://example.com/default">
<name>Tom</name>
<email xmlns="http://example.com/main"
xmlns:home="http://example.com/home"
home:addr="HOME"
xmlns:work="http://example.com/work"
work:addr="WORK"></email>
</person>
20

部分模块设计与实现 (8) Ser/Deserialize Idempotence
encoding/xml:xml.go
type Token interface{}
type EndElement struct {
Name Name
}
type Name struct {
Space, Local string
}
type Attr struct {
Name Name
Value string
}
type StartElement struct {
Name Name
Attr []Attr
}
// getRootEleAttr extract root element attributes by
// given XML decoder.
func getRootEleAttr(d *xml.Decoder) []xml.Attr {
tokenIdx := 0
for {
token, _ := d.Token()
if token == nil {
break
}
switch startElement := token.(type) {
case xml.StartElement:
tokenIdx++
if tokenIdx == 1 {
return startElement.Attr
}
}
}
return nil
}
21

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<note xmlns:m="http://example.com/main">
<to>Tom</to>
<from>Bob</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<m:body>Don't forget me this
weekend!</m:body>
</note>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:m="http://example.com/main">
<xsd:import namespace="http://example.com/main" schemaLocation="shared.xsd"/>
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="m:body" use="required"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
<xs:schema
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:schema>
shared.xsd
22

<note xmlns:m="http://example.com/main">
<to>Tom</to>
<from>Bob</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<m:body>Don't forget me this
weekend!</m:body>
</note>
type Note struct {
XMLName xml.Name `xml:"note"`
To string `xml:"to"`
From string `xml:"from"`
Heading string `xml:"heading"`
Body string `xml:"http://example.com/main body"`
}
23

24
sml.xsd
dml-spreadsheetDrawing.xsd dml-diagram.xsd
dml-main.xsd
dml-picture.xsd dml-lockedCanvas.xsd
dml-chart.xsd
dml-chartDrawing.xsd shared-commonSimpleTypes.xsd
shared-relationshipReference.xsd

XSD: XML Schema Definition Process
is a named component and has two additional
properties - name and target namespace
is an un-named component
cmd
parser
NSResolver
proto
generator
Language Code
Attribute Attribute Group ComplexType Element Enumeration FractionDigits
Pattern
SimpleType
Schema
List
Length
Import
Include
Group
Restriction TotalDigits Union WhiteSpace MaxLength MinLength MinExclusive
Attribute Attribute Group FieldName FieldType
ComplexType
Element
Group
SimpleType
Generator
SAX Parser
Schema
Notation Declaration
system identifier
public identifier
Element Declaration
scope
value constraint
nillable
substitution group affiliation
substitution group exclusions
disallowed substitutions
abstract
Simple Type Declaration
facets
final
variety
AttributeDeclaration
scope
value constraint
Identity-constraintDeclaration
identity-constraintcategory
selector
fields
referenced key
Complex Type Declaration
derivationmethod
final
abstract
prohibitedsubstitutions
Model Group Definition
AttributeGroup Definition
AttributeUse
required
value constraint
Wildcard
namespace constraint
process contents
Particle
min occurs
max occurs
Model Group
compositor
notation declarations attributedeclarations
type definitions
element declarations
attributegroup definitions
model group definitions
type
definitions
identity-constraint
definitions
content type
type
definition
type
definition
term
content type
base type
definition
base
type
definition
base
type
definition
attribute
uses
attribute
wildcard
term
term
particles
model
group
attribute
wildcard
type
definition
attributedefinitions
attributeuses
https://github.com/xuri/xgen
25

Common Package Parts
Package
Relationships
Core Properties
Digital Signatures
Specific Format Parts
Office Document
Part
Relationships
XML Part
XML Part
Part
Rels
Etc…
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<worksheet
xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006">
<dimension ref="B2"/>
<sheetViews>
<sheetView tabSelected="1" workbookViewId="0" />
</sheetViews>
<sheetFormatPr baseColWidth="10" defaultRowHeight="16" />
<sheetData>
<row r="2">
<c r="B2">
<v>123</v>
</c>
</row>
</sheetData>
<pageMargins left="0.7" right="0.7" />
</worksheet>
A B C
1
2 123
3
4
26

开源现状 (1) 性能
27
7.27
28.96
44.93
16.43
144.89
15.00
101.15
14.27
0 40 80 120 160
Excelize 2.6.1 Stream Mode
go1.18.1 darwin/amd64
Excelize 2.6.1
tealeg/xlsx 3.2.4@1a18367
unidoc/unioffice v2.2.0@4702ef2
xlsxWriter RELEASE_1.2.8
python 2.7
Apache POI XSSF 4.1.2 Streaming
java version 12.0.1
PhpSpreadsheet 1.23.0 @05d08fe
PHP 8.1.4 Zend Engine v4.1.4
SheetJS/js-xlsx 0.18.5
NodeJS 18.1.0
Time Cost (s)
Less is better
62
5,126
4,746
2,883
1,083
425
3,014
2,120
0 750 1,500 2,250 3,000 3,750 4,500 5,250 6,000
Excelize 2.6.1 Stream Mode
Excelize 2.6.1
tealeg/xlsx 3.2.4@1a18367
unidoc/unioffice v2.2.0@4702ef2
xlsxWriter RELEASE_1.2.8
python 2.7
Apache POI XSSF 4.1.2 Streaming
java version 12.0.1
PhpSpreadsheet 1.23.0 @05d08fe
PHP 8.1.4 Zend Engine v4.1.4
SheetJS/js-xlsx 0.18.5
NodeJS 18.1.0
Memory Usage (MB)
Less is better
The following graph shows performance comparison of generation 102400*50 plain text matrix by the major open source Excel libs under personal computer (2.6 GHz 6-Core Intel Core i7, 16 GB 2667 MHz
DDR4, 500GB SSD, macOS Monterey 12.3.1), including Go, Python, Java, PHP and NodeJS.
Benchmark script: https://github.com/xuri/excelize-benchmark
Excelize benchmark report: https://xuri.me/excelize/zh-hans/performance.html

开源现状 (2)
28
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Excelize GitHub Star History Excelize Global Contributors
* 截至 2022 年 11 月，GitHub Star 1.3 万，有超过 50 个国家和地区的 350 多名贡献者，其中有 140 余人参与了代码贡献

未来规划 & 发展潜力
29
? 更多接口将提供并发安全支持
? 对包含大规模数据文档读写性能的持续优化
? 公式计算引擎增加更多计算函数
? 复杂条件格式的设置、数据预测支持
? 灵活控制图表样式
? 数据透视表、数据透视图、切片器功能
? 更加精准的数字格式表达式解析
? 提供更多可用流式读写接口
? 跨语言支持
? 持续活跃的开源技术社区
? Go 语言的迅猛发展
? 跨语言支持进一步拓展开发者生态
? 公司信息化、数字化与在线办公产业的发展
Excelize 技术交流群

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